Test Bank For Dental Materials 11th Edition by Powers

Test Bank for Dental Materials 11th Edition by Powers
Test Bank for Dental Materials 11th Edition by

Powers
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ers/
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Chapter 06: Finishing, Polishing, and Cleansing Materials
Powers: Dental Materials, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Why are finishing and polishing techniques so important in restorative dentistry?

a. Remove excess material and to smooth roughened surfaces
b. Remove plaque and calculus from restorations
c. Burnish the margins of gold castings
d. Work-harden metal surfaces
ANS: A
Feedback
A Finishing and polishing techniques are meant to remove excess material and to
smooth roughened surfaces.
B Removal of biofilm and calculus from tooth surfaces is part of the prophylaxis
process.
C The margins of gold castings are made accurate during the construction phase in
the laboratory.
D Materials are polished once they have reached their full hardness either through
chemical set or light cure.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 73 OBJ: 1

TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) D,
Other dental materials, 1. Select and describe how to manipulate the various finishing, polishing,
and cleaning agents
MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.2 Polishing natural and restored
teeth
2. Which types of materials are used for finishing and polishing?

a. Surfactants
b. Humectants
c. Astringents
d. Abrasives
ANS: D
Feedback
A Surfactants lower surface tension.
B Humectants provide hydration.
C Astringents help control bleeding.
D The materials used for finishing and polishing are primarily abrasives.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 74 OBJ: 5

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3. For an abrasive, the higher the speed, the greater the frequency per unit of time the particle
contacts the surface. In a clinical situation it is easiest to control pressure rather than speed
to vary the rate of abrasion.
a. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is correct.
b. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
c. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct.
d. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is incorrect.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Heavy pressure applied will cause deeper abrasions. Increasing speed increases
the rate of abrasion.
B Heavy pressure applied will cause deeper abrasions. Increasing speed increases
C In a clinical situation it is easiest to control speed rather than pressure to vary the
rate of abrasion.
D Heavy pressure applied will cause deeper abrasions. Increasing speed increases

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4. Which types of abrasives are generally hard, coarse abrasives used primarily for the
development of desired contours of a restoration or tooth preparation and for the removal
of gross irregularities on a surface?
a. Cleansing
b. Finishing
c. Polishing
d. A and B
e. B and C
ANS: B
Feedback
A Cleansing abrasives are soft materials.
B Finishing abrasives are generally hard, coarse abrasives used primarily for the
development of desired contours of a restoration or tooth preparation and for the
removal of gross irregularities on a surface.
C Polishing abrasives have finer particle sizes and are generally less hard than
abrasives that are used for finishing.
D A is incorrect, and B is correct.
E B is correct, and C is incorrect.

and cleaning agents.CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation and
Application) B, 1, Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store restorative materials, including
but not limited to c. composites
teeth
5. Which abrasive disks are beige?

a. Aluminum oxide
b. Silicon carbide
c. Garnet
d. Cuttle
ANS: D
Feedback
A Aluminum oxide is used in air abrasion. Disks are reddish brown.
B Silicon carbide is the second hardest of the dental abrasives. Disks are black.
C Garnet is an abrasive that is mined. Disks are red.
D Cuttle abrasive disks are beige.

and cleaning agents
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6. Sand disks should not be used interchangeably with _____ disks.

a. cuttle
b. diamond
c. silicon carbide
d. aluminum oxide
ANS: A
Feedback
A Sand disks should not be used interchangeably with cuttle disks.
B Diamond may be used with sand disks.
C Silicon carbide may be used with sand disks.
D Aluminum oxide may be used with sand disks.

and cleaning agents
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7. Which of the following abrasive agents commonly used in dentistry for polishing and
cleansing is derived from diatoms?
a. Kieselguhr
b. Calcite
c. Pumice
d. Rouge
ANS: A
Feedback
A Kieselguhr is derived from diatoms, the remains of minute aquatic plants.
B Pumice is siliceous volcanic glass.
C Calcite is a form of calcium carbonate.
D Rouge is composed of iron oxide.

and cleaning agents
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8. Which of the following statements is true when using abrasives?

a. The area being finished and polished should be rinsed with each successive change
of abrasive.
b. Dry polishing will increase the danger of overheating the surface.
c. Dry polishing will increase the efficiency of the abrasive.
d. Both A and C are correct statements.
ANS: D
Feedback
A With each successive change in abrasive, the area being finished and polished is
rinsed to remove the previously used abrasive particles.
B Dry polishing will increase the danger of the tooth overheating and could
damage the pulp.
C Dry polishing may reduce dramatically the efficiency of the abrasive.
D Both A and B are correct statements.

and cleaning agents
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9. Which of the following would represent an appropriate sequence for finishing and
polishing an amalgam restoration?
a. Finishing bur, green stone, tin oxide, silex
b. Green stone, finishing bur, silex, tin oxide
c. Green stone, finishing bur, tin oxide, silex
d. Tin oxide, silex, green stone, finishing bur
ANS: B
Feedback
A Polishing in these cases is done through the application of a sequence of
operations that includes the use of fine stones and abrasive disks or strips. The
final polish is developed by the application of extra-fine silex, followed by the
application of a thin slurry of tin oxide, with a rotating soft brush.
B Green stone, finishing bur, silex, and tin oxide represent an appropriate finishing
and polishing sequence from coarse to fine.
C Polishing in these cases is done through the application of a sequence of
application of thin slurry of tin oxide, with a rotating soft brush.
D Polishing in these cases is done through the application of a sequence of
application of a thin slurry of tin oxide, with a rotating soft brush.
DIF: Application REF: p. 78 OBJ: 8

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10. Some fast-setting, high-copper amalgams can be polished about 8 to 12 minutes after
placement with a _____ paste of extra-fine _____ and water in a rubber cup.
a. dry; silex
b. dry; tin oxide
c. creamy; silex
d. creamy; tin oxide
ANS: C
Feedback
A Dry materials build up excessive heat that may damage the pulp.
B Dry materials build up excessive heat that may damage the pulp. Tin oxide is a
fine white powder that is used as a final polishing agent.
C Some fast-setting, high-copper amalgams can be polished about 8 to 12 minutes
after placement with a creamy paste of extra-fine silex and water in a rubber cup.
D Tin oxide is a fine white powder that is used as a final polishing agent.

and cleaning agents
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11. Which technique will produce the smoothest surface on a composite restoration?
a. Curing against a polyester matrix
b. Twelve-blade carbide burs
c. Diamond stones
d. Green stones
e. White stones
ANS: A
Feedback
A The smoothest surface on a composite restoration is produced by curing against
a polyester matrix.
B Twelve-blade carbide burs are used to remove gross amounts of material from
the marginal areas.
C Diamond is used to remove gross amounts of material from the marginal areas.
D Stones are used to finish areas that are difficult to access.
E Stones are used to finish areas that are difficult to access.

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12. Which technique will produce the smoothest surface of a gold casting?
a. Chamois
b. Fine cuttle disk
c. Crocus disk with rouge
d. Polished wax, pickled casting
ANS: C
Feedback
A Chamois is a soft cloth that would need a light abrasive material, rouge, in order
to work adequately.
B A cuttle disk is too abrasive.
C The smoothest surface of a gold casting can be produced using a crocus disk
with rouge.
D A casting is pickled immediately after casting to remove surface impurities.

and cleaning agents
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13. Which of the following represents an appropriate sequence for finishing and polishing an
acrylic denture base?
a. Pumice slurry, finishing bur, tripoli
b. Pumice slurry, tripoli, finishing bur
c. Finishing bur, tripoli, pumice slurry
d. Finishing bur, pumice slurry, tripoli
e. Tripoli, finishing bur, pumice slurry
ANS: D
Feedback
A The elements in this answer are out of order. Each element should be of a less
abrasive quality than the one before, with the finishing bur as the most abrasive
element.
B The elements in this answer are out of order. Each element should be of a less
element.
C The elements in this answer are out of order. Each element should be of a less
element.
D A finishing bur, pumice slurry with a single-row brush wheel or rag wheel, and a
final high polish with a rag wheel with tripoli, bendick, or a paste of tin oxide
and water is an appropriate finishing sequence for polishing an acrylic denture
base.
E The elements in this answer are out of order. Each element should be of a less
element.
DIF: Application REF: p. 78 OBJ: 8

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14. After polishing, a denture should be stored _____ until delivery to the patient.
a. dry
b. moist
c. in glycerin
d. in ultrasonic cleaning solution
ANS: B
Feedback
A Denture material will dry out if not kept moist with water. This can cause
warping and shrinking of the acrylic.
B After polishing, a denture should be stored moist until delivery to the patient.
C Glycerin is not an appropriate material to store a denture in.
D Ultrasonic cleaning solution is not an appropriate material to store a denture in.

and cleaning agents
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15. Which of the following procedures are recommended in order to maintain infection control
when using pumice to polish acrylic denture base material?
a. Change pumice daily.
b. Use a separate pumice pan for each patient.
c. Mix pumice with a liquid disinfectant such as 5 parts sodium hypochlorite to 100
parts distilled water.
d. A, B, and C are all recommended.
e. Only A and C are recommended.
ANS: D
Feedback
A A, B, and C are all correct.
B A, B, and C are all correct.
C A, B, and C are all correct.
D All three are recommended. Use a separate pumice pan for each patient; mix
pumice with a liquid disinfectant; and change the pumice daily.
E A, B, and C are all correct.

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16. Which of the following types of abrasive materials found in prophy paste, wear during use
but continue to abrade, producing an increasingly smoother surface?
a. Perlite
b. Silicon dioxide
c. Zirconium silicate
d. Diatomaceous silicon dioxide
e. Sodium-potassium-aluminum silicate
ANS: A
Feedback
A Perlite wears during use. As the particles wear, they become smaller but
continue to abrade, producing an increasingly smoother tooth surface.
B Silicon dioxide is a polishing agent that could damage tooth structure with
overuse.
C Zirconium silicate is a polishing agent that could damage tooth structure with
overuse.
D Diatomaceous silicon dioxide is a polishing agent that could damage tooth
structure with overuse.
E Sodium-potassium-aluminum silicate is a polishing agent that could damage
tooth structure with overuse.

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17. Which of the following restorative materials is most subject to wear during a prophylactic
procedure?
a. Resin composites
b. Dental amalgam
c. Cast gold
d. Ceramic
ANS: A
Feedback
A Resin composites are most subject to wear, because of the low hardness of the
resin.
B Amalgam does not easily wear.
C Cast gold will abrade if coarse abrasives are used.
D Ceramic materials do abrade if coarse abrasives are used.

and cleaning agents
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18. Which of the following materials is the most difficult to remove from a tooth surface
during tooth prophylaxis?
a. Acquired pellicle
b. Food debris
c. Calculus
d. Plaque
ANS: C
Feedback
A Soft deposits can be easily removed during a prophylaxis.
B Soft deposits can be easily removed during a prophylaxis.
C Calculus is the most difficult to remove from a tooth surface during tooth
prophylaxis.
D Soft deposits can be easily removed during a prophylaxis.

and cleaning agents
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19. What is the purpose of a humectant in toothpaste?

a. Prevent dehydration
b. Function as a binder
c. Prevent dental caries
d. Function as an abrasive
e. Reduce the rate of formation of supragingival calculus
ANS: A
Feedback
A The purpose of a humectant in toothpaste is to prevent dehydration.
B Binders are an additive.
C Fluorides help prevent caries.
D Abrasives help remove stain.
E Tetrasodium pyrophosphates reduce the rate of calculus formation.

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20. Which of the following is not one of the criteria for an ideal denture cleanser?
a. Be stable during storage
b. Preferably be bactericidal and fungicidal
c. Be able to remineralize worn acrylic denture teeth
d. Be able to attack or dissolve both the organic and inorganic portions of denture
deposits
ANS: B
Feedback
A This is a positive quality of a denture cleanser.
B This is a positive quality of a denture cleanser.
C Being able to remineralize worn acrylic denture teeth is not one of the criteria for
an ideal denture cleanser.
D This is a positive quality of a denture cleanser.

and cleaning agents MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.5 General
21. Which of the following choices represent(s) an effective means of improving denture
cleanliness?
a. Fifteen-minute soaking
b. Ultrasonic vibration
c. Chemical cleansers
d. Brushing
e. C and D
ANS: E
Feedback
A Fifteen-minute soaking is neither effective on mature plaque nor completely
effective on stains and deposits.
B Ultrasonic vibration is not an efficient method for removal of denture plaque.
C Both C and D are correct.
D Both C and D are correct.
E Brushing of a denture surface and chemical cleansers are effective means of
improving denture cleanliness and maintaining a healthy mucosa beneath a
removable partial denture.

22. Which of the following techniques are recommended for cleaning dentures and prosthetic
appliances fabricated from base metals such as cobalt-chromium alloy?
a. Light brushing
b. Soaking in hot water
c. Immersion in a solution containing 1 teaspoon of a hypochlorite (Clorox) and 2
teaspoons of a glassy phosphate (Calgon) in one-half glass of water
d. A, B, and C
e. A and C
ANS: A
Feedback
A Light brushing is recommended.
B Dentures should not be soaked in hot water, because the heat may cause the
acrylic to become distorted.
C Immersion in a solution containing 1 teaspoon of a hypochlorite (Clorox) and 2
teaspoons of a glassy phosphate (Calgon) in one-half glass of water is not
recommended for use on prosthetic appliances fabricated from base metals such
as cobalt-chromium alloy, because chlorine solutions tend to darken these
metals.
D Only A is correct.
E Only A is correct.

23. Which of the following methods would not be used to clean a denture with a soft liner?
a. Cotton under cold water
b. A brush with hard, stiff bristles
c. A soaking type of denture cleanser
d. An organic solvent such as chloroform
e. Immersion in sodium hypochlorite followed by light brushing
ANS: D
Feedback
A The soft liner should be cleaned with cotton under cold water.
B Soft liner is a fragile material that could be damaged by a stiff brush.
C Denture cleanser may be absorbed into the soft liner.
D Chloroform is toxic if ingested.
E Sodium hypochlorite is toxic if ingested.

24. Home bleaching agents typically contain 10% to 22% _____ peroxide.
a. carbamide
b. hydrogen
c. calcium
d. sodium
ANS: A
Feedback
A Home bleaching agents typically contain 10% to 22% carbamide peroxide.
B Hydrogen peroxide is used for in-office bleaching.
C Calcium is used to assist with remineralization during treatment.
D Sodium is not used in bleaching materials.

Other dental materials, 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store restorative materials,
including but not limited to a. bleaching agents
MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.5 General
25. Which of the following statements is true of bleaching agents?

a. They will adversely affect restorative materials such as gold alloys, amalgam,
microfilled composites, or porcelain.
b. Some microhybrid composites, hybrid ionomers, and glass ionomers have been
roughened slightly by bleaching gels.
c. Bleach should come in contact with dentin in order to bleach the yellow shade.
d. Yellow, orange, or light brown stains are the least responsive to bleaching.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Bleaching agents typically do not affect gold alloys, amalgams, composites, or
porcelain.
B Some microhybrid composites, hybrid ionomers, and glass ionomers have been
roughened slightly by bleaching gels.
C Contact with dentin may cause hypersensitivity.
D Bleaching agents are effective against yellow, orange, and light brown stains.

26. Which factor affects the rate of abrasion?

a. Rate of speed
b. Type of material
c. Depth of the material
d. Number of filler particles
ANS: A
Feedback
A The rate of abrasion of a given material by a given abrasive is determined
primarily by three factors: the size of the abrasive particle, the pressure of the
abrasive against the material being abraded, and the speed at which the abrasive
particle moves across the surface being abraded. All these factors can be
controlled clinically.
B The rate of abrasion of a given material by a given abrasive is determined
C There is significance in placement of the material but not on the rate of abrasion.
D The rate of abrasion of a given material by a given abrasive is determined

and cleaning agents
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27. When using an abrasive material how will the amount of pressure exerted affect the
outcome?
a. Cause the material to fracture if excessive
b. Cause the finish to be glossy as it increases
c. Cause deeper grooves in the finished restoration
d. Eliminate intrinsic stains in the surrounding enamel
ANS: C
Feedback
A The polishing disk or wheel may fracture.
B Excess pressure will scratch the surface of the restoration.
C Heavy pressure applied by the abrasive causes deeper scratches and more rapid
removal of material.
D Abrasives do not remove intrinsic stains.

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28. Which statement is true regarding the smooth surface of a restoration?

a. Allows stain formation
b. Reduces retention of bacteria
c. Increases retention of bacteria
d. Produces a dull, nonreflective appearance
ANS: A
Feedback
A A smooth surface prevents the formation of stains.
B A smooth surface (Ra less than 0.2 m) will reduce retention of bacteria and give
the restoration a shiny appearance.
C A smooth surface will reduce retention of bacteria.
D The smooth surface produces a shiny appearance.

and cleaning agents
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29. What are the three categories of abrasives used in dentistry?

a. Tin oxide and rouge
b. Light, medium, and coarse pumice
c. Smoothing, wearing, and adhering
d. Finishing, polishing, and cleansing
ANS: D
Feedback
A All are grits of abrasive materials.
B All are types of abrasive materials.
C Abrasives remove excess material including biofilms that adhere to the tooth
surface.
D The three categories of abrasives used in dentistry are finishing, polishing, and
cleansing abrasives.

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30. What is the purpose of using glycerin with polishing agents?

a. Maintains consistency
b. Improves polish
c. Provides gloss
d. Evaporates
ANS: A
Feedback
A The use of glycerin as a medium prevents the change in consistency that occurs
when water, which evaporates, is used to make a slurry.
B The use of glycerin as a medium prevents the change in consistency that occurs
C The use of glycerin as a medium prevents the change in consistency that occurs
D The use of glycerin as a medium prevents the change in consistency that occurs

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31. Which of the following is true about diamond stones?

a. Chips added to a binder
b. Cannot produce fine detail
c. Formed into disks, cups, or points
d. A, B, and C are all correct.
e. Only A and C are correct.
ANS: E
Feedback
A Diamond chips normally are impregnated in a binder to form diamond stones
and disks.
B Diamond stones are made in different abrasive rates, and the fine and extra-fine
can produce a smooth, detailed surface.
C Diamond stones may be formed into disks, cups, and points made with microfine
diamonds.
D Only A and C are correct.
E Only A and C are correct.

and cleaning agents
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32. When are fine abrasives used?

a. Reduce scratches
b. Contour the restoration
c. Remove excess material
d. Provide detailed anatomy
ANS: A
Feedback
A Successively finer abrasives remove the large scratches produced.
B Restorations are contoured using more abrasive burs and stones.
C Excess material is removed using more abrasive burs and stones.
D Most of the detailed anatomy is placed when the material is carved and then
refined with lighter abrasives.

and cleaning agents
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33. At what point can high-copper amalgams be polished?

a. Should not be polished
b. Can be polished after 8 to 12 minutes
c. Should be polished after 24 hours
ANS: B
Feedback
A Polishing an amalgam restoration smooths rough surfaces.
B Some of the fast-setting high-copper amalgams can be polished about 8 to 12
minutes after placement because of their rapid development of strength.
C Conventional amalgams must set 24 hours before polishing.

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34. Which statement is correct about the finish on a glass ionomer restoration?
a. Rougher than a compomer
b. The same as composite resin
c. Smoother than a compomer
d. Smoother than composite resin
ANS: A
Feedback
A The roughness of finished and polished glass ionomer restorations is higher than
that of composites and resin-modified glass ionomers, primarily because of the
larger particle sizes of the filler.
B Compomer and composite resin will finish smoother than glass ionomer.
C Compomer and composite resin will finish smoother than glass ionomer.
D Compomer and composite resin will finish smoother than glass ionomer.

and cleaning agents
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35. Which of the following is true about rag wheels and pumice?
a. Disposed of after each patient use
b. Sterilized before the next patient use
c. Used on the tongue side of the prosthetic
d. Only A and B
e. All of the above
ANS: D
Feedback
A A and C are both correct.
B Rag wheels can be sterilized, but pumice should not be used on other patients.
C A and C are both correct.
D A rag wheel and felt cone with pumice slurry are used to finish the tongue side
of a maxillary base. To maintain infection control, separate polishing burs, rag
wheels, and pumice pans should be used for prostheses.
E Only A and B are correct.

36. Dentifrice products that contain pumice and quartz show lower cleansing values.
Dentifrice products that contain pumice and quartz show lower abrasion to tooth surfaces.
a. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is correct.
b. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
c. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct.
d. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is incorrect.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Both statements are incorrect.
B Both statements are incorrect.
C Both statements are incorrect.
D Products that contain predominantly pumice and quartz show higher cleansing
values but generally result in a greater abrasion to both enamel and dentin.

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37. Which of the following cleaning techniques would be most effective for cleaning stain and
plaque from dentures?
a. A 15-minute soak daily with a chemical tablet
b. Using a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste
c. Periodic immersions in an ultrasonic cleaner
d. Using a denture brush and denture paste
ANS: D
Feedback
A Customary 15-minute soaking is neither effective on mature plaque nor
completely effective on stains and deposits.
B The patient should be cautioned not to use dentifrices for cleansing denture bases
or acrylic denture teeth.
C Ultrasonic vibration is not an efficient method for removal of denture plaque.
D The brushing of a denture surface is an effective means of improving denture
cleanliness and maintaining a healthy mucosa beneath a removable denture.

38. What are the side effects of tooth whitening procedures?

a. Lightening esthetic restorations
b. Sloughing of the gingiva
c. Tooth hypersensitivity
d. All of the above
e. Only B and C
ANS: E
Feedback
A Whitening products do not adversely affect esthetic materials such as composite
resin.
B B and C are both correct.
C B and C are both correct.
D Only A and C are correct.
E Side effects are uncommon but include tooth hypersensitivity, soft tissue lesions
or sloughing, nausea, temporomandibular joint syndrome from the tray, and sore
throats from swallowing the bleach.

39. Which of the following is not part of the guidelines for in-office bleaching?
a. Patients can be processing while the dental team is seeing other patients.
b. The patient should have a comprehensive exam prior to the procedure.
c. The patient should have a complete prophylaxis prior to the procedure.
d. The patient may need local anesthetic for sensitivity.
e. Both A and D are correct.
ANS: E
Feedback
A Patients should not be left unattended during the procedure.
B This answer is part of the guidelines for in-office whitening procedures.
C This answer is part of the guidelines for in-office whitening procedures.
D Patients do not receive local anesthetic for in-office whitening procedures.
E Answers A and D are not part of the guidelines for in-office whitening
procedures.

TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) B,
1, Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store restorative materials, including but not limited
to c. composites MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.5 General
40. Which of the following is not a recommended type of denture cleaner?

a. Abrasive creams
b. Alkaline perborates
c. Fluoridated toothpaste
d. Alkaline hypochlorites
ANS: C
Feedback
A Abrasive creams are one of the three types of acceptable cleansers for cleaning
dentures at home.
B Alkaline perborates are one of the three types of acceptable cleansers for
cleaning dentures at home.
C Fluoridated toothpastes are too abrasive for denture materials. In addition,
fluoride is not needed for dentures.
D Alkaline hypochlorites are one of the three types of acceptable cleansers for
cleaning dentures at home.

41. Whitening agents are effective in removing which type(s) of stain or discoloration?
a. Tetracycline stain
b. Black line stain
c. Decalcification
d. Coffee stain
ANS: A
Feedback
A Tetracycline is an intrinsic stain that is effectively treated with whitening agents.
B Black line stain is extrinsic and can be removed during a routine prophylaxis.
C Decalcification of enamel is best treated with a restorative material.
D Coffee stain is extrinsic and can be removed during a routine prophylaxis.

SHORT ANSWER
1. Compare and contrast in-office and home whitening materials.
ANS:
Whitening agents used in the office commonly contain 30% to 35% hydrogen peroxide.
One system mixes 35% hydrogen peroxide with silica to form a gel. Another system
contains calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions to allow remineralization during treatment.
Home whitening products typically contain 10% to 22% carbamide peroxide or
1.5% to 6% hydrogen peroxide. The pH of these products ranges from 4.6 to 6.7 when
undiluted and from 4.3 to 6.6 when diluted 1:2 with water.

Test Bank for Dental Materials 11th Edition by Powers
2. Explain the guidelines for helping a patient choose the correct dentifrice for his/her needs.
ANS:
The best available guidelines to follow in selecting a dentifrice for a patient are based on
evaluation of the following four factors:
1. Degree of staining of the dentition
2. Force exerted on the brush
3. Method of brushing
4. Amount of exposed dentin or cementum

and cleaning agents
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1. Why are finishing and polishing techniques so important in restorative dentistry?

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 73 OBJ: 1

2. Which types of materials are used for finishing and polishing?

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 74 OBJ: 5

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 74 OBJ: 3

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 74 OBJ: 5

5. Which abrasive disks are beige?

DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 75 OBJ: 2

6. Sand disks should not be used interchangeably with _____ disks.

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8. Which of the following statements is true when using abrasives?

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19. What is the purpose of a humectant in toothpaste?

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25. Which of the following statements is true of bleaching agents?

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26. Which factor affects the rate of abrasion?

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28. Which statement is true regarding the smooth surface of a restoration?

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29. What are the three categories of abrasives used in dentistry?

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30. What is the purpose of using glycerin with polishing agents?

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31. Which of the following is true about diamond stones?

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32. When are fine abrasives used?

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33. At what point can high-copper amalgams be polished?

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38. What are the side effects of tooth whitening procedures?

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40. Which of the following is not a recommended type of denture cleaner?

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1. Compare and contrast in-office and home whitening materials.