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Test Bank for World History, 8th Edition

Test Bank for World History, 8th Edition

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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06—The Americas


True / False

1. The Pyramid of the Sun was built by the people of Teotihuacán in the fifth century C.E.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

2. The Maya is considered to be the "mother civilization" of Mesoamerica.


a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161

3. The Aztec capital was Teotihuacán.


a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

4. The Inka had no writing system, but kept records using a system of knotted strings called quipu.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 177

5. At Cahokia, near East Saint Louis, archeologists have discovered a burial mound more than 98 feet high with a base
larger than Egypt's Great Pyramid.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179

6. In contrast with the Aztecs, the Inka created a highly centralized state.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 176
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Chapter 06—The Americas

7. Because the soil lacked sufficient nutrients, agriculture never developed in the Amazon region.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

8. The Maya were the only Mesoamerican people to have a complete written language.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 165
A Sample of Mayan Writing

9. Pachakuti created a highly centralized Aztec state.


a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 176
The Four Quarters: Inka Politics and Society.

Multiple Choice

10. The first civilization in Mesoamerica was the


a. Toltec.
b. Olmec.
c. Maya.
d. Aztec.
e. Moche.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

11. The Olmec peoples


a. did not do any stone carving, preferring to work in copper and ivory.
b. spoke the Quechuan language.
c. developed their capital at the mountain fortress of Cuzco.
d. developed a system of hieroglyphics.
e. replaced the Maya in Mesoamerica.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
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Chapter 06—The Americas


REFERENCES: p. 160

12. Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture?


a. Its La Venta pyramid was the largest structure of it type for its era.
b. It created a writing system of some sort.
c. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.
d. It produced many stone carvings, tools, and monuments.
e. It did not develop the wheel or have horses.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159-160

13. Mayan civilization


a. had such a sophisticated religious system that it was adopted by the Spanish invaders.
b. may have been composed of approximately thirty million people at its height.
c. was located in the northern part of the Valley of Mexico.
d. was never wealthy.
e. declined in the eighth or ninth centuries C.E.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167

14. The chinampas


a. were agricultural plots built on swampy islands.
b. were built to maintain industrial production.
c. provided farmers with a means of growing waterfowl for export to South America.
d. were to be found only in the semi-arid areas of northern Mesoamerica.
e. were part of Inka religious culture.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161

15. The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were
a. cotton and silver.
b. yams and manioc.
c. obsidian and cacao trees.
d. gold and silver.
e. manioc and turpentine.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161

16. What was the outcome of matches in the sacred ball court?
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Chapter 06—The Americas


a. Losing players were sacrificed to the gods.
b. The games were played with the heads of sacrificed prisoners.
c. It fostered connections between the city-states of the Central Mexican Valley through sporting competitions.
d. Winners could become priests.
e. It disappeared after the fall of Olmec civilization.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163-65
Mayan Religion

17. In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?
a. They both practiced human sacrifice.
b. Both had religious practices and beliefs brought from Asia in the eleventh century.
c. Both used sophisticated alphabets with thirty-nine letters.
d. They were both seafaring societies.
e. Volcanic eruptions destroyed both civilizations.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163
p. 171

18. Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec Empire?
a. It was a highly centralized, tightly administered monarchy developed through military conquest.
b. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an
empire developed through military conquest.
c. It was a highly centralized maritime society that had evolved from a foundation of intense religious piety.
d. It was followed by the Mayan civilization.
e. Human sacrifice was abolished by Montezuma.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167-169

19. The Aztec capital was


a. Tenochtitlán.
b. Huitzilopochtli.
c. Texcoco.
d. Mexica.
e. Zapotec.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

20. Aztec society was

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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06—The Americas


a. an egalitarian democracy.
b. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority.
c. primarily involved in the trading of slaves.
d. unique in giving women major political power.
e. a purely theocratic society.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

21. Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called
a. texcocos.
b. chinampas.
c. calpulli.
d. quipu.
e. jatis.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 169

22. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the large kinship groups of the Aztecs?
a. They were the people's main link with the central government.
b. They often specialized in some particular area of responsibility.
c. They contained subdivisions of smaller family units.
d. Women were required to work in the fields five days each week.
e. In general, males were the dominant gender.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 169

23. Who was the supreme deity among the Aztec pantheon?
a. Siva
b. Tlaloc
c. Quetzalcoatl
d. Huitzilopochtli
e. Ometeotl
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 169
Land of the Feathered Serpent

24. In analyzing Aztec cosmology


a. its description reveals a totally unique approach to religious belief.
b. it is the basic format for all monotheistic practices.
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Chapter 06—The Americas


c. it contained a distinct element of fatalism that was inherent in the creation myth.
d. it was copied from that of the Anasazi.
e. the ultimate reality was the destruction of the individual soul.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 171

25. Aztec writing


a. was phonetic.
b. may have been the result of contact with traders from the Aleutians.
c. resembled ancient Greek in its organization.
d. was copied from Egyptian hieroglyphics.
e. was based upon hieroglyphs that represented an object or concept.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

26. What was the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs?
a. To obtain the atman of the victim.
b. To appease Huitzilopochtli, and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world.
c. To insure an abundant harvest.
d. To insure long life for the emperor.
e. To provide victims for the ball court games.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 171

27. Aztec society


a. focused its religious interest on "the holy one," Huitzilopochtli, the only god in the monotheistic Aztec system
of religious belief.
b. did not possess a writing system as such, although it developed hieroglyphs.
c. dedicated the sacred precinct in central Tenochtitlán to the rain god, Shiva, and to Huitzilopochtli.
d. did not sharply delineate gender roles.
e. was egalitarian in theory but hierarchical in practice.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

28. The massive Aztec stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of good and evil in
the universe is the
a. Disc of Forces.
b. Stone of the Fifth Sun.
c. Temple of Inscriptions.

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Chapter 06—The Americas


d. Sun Disc.
e. Parthenonus.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 171

29. Providing a valuable resource for later historians, this Spaniard recorded his impressions of Aztec society during a
visit in the early sixteenth century:
a. Bernal Díaz.
b. Alphonso Gomorra.
c. Bartholomew Díaz.
d. Jakob Alverez.
e. Juan Carlos Garcia.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

30. South America


a. was the original home of the Maya.
b. contained societies practicing irrigated farming approximately eleven thousand years ago.
c. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.
d. was populated only as recently as 500 C.E.
e. was colonized from Africa rather than Asia.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

31. The Moche culture


a. was ended by a devastating pandemic of the Black Death.
b. was located in a rain forest.
c. may have been ended by environmental changes.
d. was pacifistic, perhaps the major cause of its long existence.
e. was destroyed by the Aztecs.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 173

32. In South America by 2000 B.C.E., peoples


a. had discovered the smelting of iron.
b. had domesticated wheat for making of bread,
c. were sailing the Pacific in wind-powered balsa wood rafts.
d. had developed a complex writing system.
e. were using the wheel in transportation.
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Chapter 06—The Americas


ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 174

33. Who was the Inka king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire?
a. Pizarro
b. Huayna Inca
c. Pachakuti
d. Topa Inca
e. Montezuma
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 175

34. The civilization of the Inka


a. constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.
b. employed a force of highly-paid workers to construct the structures that it produced.
c. offered all women nothing but a life of domestic service restricted to the home.
d. developed an abundant lowland valley community at Machu Picchu.
e. routinely executed all war prisoners its army captured.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 176

35. Which of the following is not accurate?


a. All males were liable for military service in the Inka army.
b. The quipu was a system of knotted strings used in the Inka Empire.
c. The Inka required subject peoples to speak Quechua.
d. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Inka culture.
e. Women could improve their lifestyles by becoming "chosen virgins" in Inka temples.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 177

36. The Inka capital was


a. Lima.
b. Cuzco.
c. Monte Verde.
d. Tenochtitlan,
e. Uxmal.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 176
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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06—The Americas

37. Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500
C.E. were the
a. Ute and the Mohawk.
b. Apache and Navajo.
c. Cree and Shoshone.
d. Anasazi and Arawak.
e. both b and c
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

38. The tuber cultivated by the Arawak, which is used today to manufacture tapioca, is
a. millet.
b. maize.
c. manioc.
d. cacao.
e. squash.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

39. Anasazi society possibly declined for all of the following reasons except
a. severe drought.
b. increase in internecine warfare.
c. invaders.
d. extensive floods.
e. starvation.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179-180

40. There were farming villages in Central and South America by


a. 10,000 B.C.E.
b. 5000 B.C.E.
c. 1000 B.C.E.
d. 100 C.E.
e. 500 C.E.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 181

41. Which of the following was NOT a detrimental factor in the technological development of the peoples of the Western
Hemisphere?
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Chapter 06—The Americas


a. Lack of large domesticated animals.
b. Geographic diversity.
c. Lack of established trade routes.
d. Lack of indigenous varieties of edible grasses to facilitate the transition from a hunting/gathering society to
farming.
e. A difficult topography and environmental diversity.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 181

42. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere with those of
the Old World?
a. Long-distance trade
b. Human sacrifice
c. Iron smelting
d. Irrigated agriculture
e. The practice of warfare
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 181

43. Staple crops of the Olmec civilization included

a. beans, corn and squash


b. wheat and legumes
c. potatoes, beans and peppers
d. coffee, cacao and beans
e. tomatoes, potatoes and squash
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160
The Olmec; In the Land of Rubber

44. What probably caused the decline of Teotihaucan?


Invasion of competing tribes.
a.
b. Collapse of the Olmec civilization.
c. Earthquakes.
d. Volcanic eruption.
e. Agricultural crises.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 162
Teotihaucan
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Chapter 06—The Americas

45. The supreme Mayan god Itzamna is credited with bringing to the Mayans all of the following EXCEPT
a. cacoa
b. writing
c. maize
d. medicine
e. pyramids
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163
Mayan Religion

46. The Mayan calendar was significant for


a. demonstrating an advanced understanding of astronomy.
b. included a "long count" calendar based on 5,200 years cycles.
c. held the key to deciphering the hieroglyphic tablets found in Palenque.
d. measured time dating back to August of 3114 b.c.e.
e. all of these.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 165-66
Mayan hieroglyphs and calendars

47. Chichen Itza was controlled by which civilization?


a. Mayan
b. Olmec
c. Toltec
d. Aztec
e. Zoque
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167
The Mystery of Mayan Decline

48. The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán was unusual because:


a. they conquored other states around them.
b. they practiced agriculture based on a staple crop of manioc.
c. it was centered on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco
d. it created separate temples for a hierarchy of polytheistic gods.
e. they inscribed petroglyphs to record their history.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167
The Aztecs
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Chapter 06—The Americas

49. Women in Aztec society were granted what position of privilege?


a. They could become the supreme ruler.
b. The family line was traced matrilinearly.
c. Women controlled the household economy.
d. Women performed marriage ceremonies.
e. Women fought equally alongside men in the army.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168
Social Structures

50. The earliest collective civilization in the Central Andes was


a. Chavin
b. Moche
c. Wari
d. Chimor
e. Inka
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172-73
Caral

51. A significant characteristic of South American agriculture is


a. dependence on extensive, complex irrigation of crops.
b. the hybridization of pastoralism and sedentary agriculture.
c. development of the heavy plow pulled by oxen.
d. the emphasis on vegetarianism.
e. a complete reliance on trade with the coast and lowlands by the mountainous settlements in exchange for
metal.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 177
Wari and Chimor

52. What is unusual about the Nazca lines?


a. They are only visible from considerable elevation.
b. They are aligned with the summer and winter solstice.
c. They show evidence of significant environmental manipulation.
d. They correspond to unusually high levels of magnetic polarity.
e. They designate way-stations along the Incan road system.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

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Chapter 06—The Americas


REFERENCES: (Picture: Nazca Lines)
p. 174

53. The largest city in North America until 19th century Philadelphia was located at
a. Santa Fe.
b. Cahokia.
c. Los Angeles.
d. Roanoke.
e. Cuyahoga
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179
Cahokia

54. What was a pueblo?


a. a centralized location for trade in the Hopewell tribes.
b. a temple in the Moundbuilder area of the plains states.
c. a form of irrigation practiced in the Caribbean islands.
d. An adobe communal house in Anasazi lands.
e. a rock formation for the practice of archeoastronomy.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180
The Ancient Pueblo Peoples

55. An alliance of Native Americans to avoid war was formed by which tribe?
a. Iroquois
b. Hopewell.
c. Powhatan.
d. Arawak.
e. Ute.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179
Cahokia

Subjective Short Answer

Instructions: Identify the following terms.


56. Bering Strait
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

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Chapter 06—The Americas


57. Tehuacán valley
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

58. Yucatán peninsula


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

59. Carthaginians, lost tribes of Israel, and Atlantis


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

60. Mesoamerica
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

61. San Lorenzo and La Venta


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159-160

62. Monte Albán


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

63. Olmec
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

64. rubber
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

65. Zapotec
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

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Chapter 06—The Americas


66. Teotihuacán
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

67. Pyramid of the Sun


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

68. obsidian
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

69. pulque
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 160

70. cacao
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161-162

71. Valley of Mexico


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161

72. chinampas
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161

73. Itzamna
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163

74. ball courts/game


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163

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Chapter 06—The Americas


75. Mayan hieroglyphs
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 163
p. 165

76. Mayan Long Count


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 166

77. Tikal, Palenque, Uxmal and Chichen Itza


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 161
p. 167

78. Toltecs
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167

79. Mexica
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167

80. Aztec
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167

81. Lake Texcoco


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

82. Tenochtitlán
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 168

83. calpulli
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
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Chapter 06—The Americas


REFERENCES: p. 169

84. Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 167

85. Monte Verde


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

86. Caral
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

87. Chavin de Huantar


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

88. Andes Mountains


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172

89. Moche
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 173

90. kingdom of Chimor


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 173

91. El Niño
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 173

92. Cuzco and Machu Picchu


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
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Chapter 06—The Americas


REFERENCES: p. 175
p. 176

93. Pachakuti/Pachacutec
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 175

94. Inka
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 175-178

95. Quechua
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 177

96. quipu
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 177

97. Amazon River


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 172
p. 180

98. Amerindians
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 159

99. Hopewell Culture and Cahokia


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 178-179

100. the Anasazi peoples


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179

101. Pueblo Bonito/Chaco Canyon


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Chapter 06—The Americas


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179

102. Mesa Verde


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 179

103. Apache and Navajo


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

104. Arawak
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

105. Amazonia
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 180

Essay

106. Who were the first Americans, and when and how did they arrive in the Western Hemisphere?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

107. "Olmec civilization was the prototype for all later Mesoamerican civilizations." Discuss, pro and con.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

108. Why were the Aztecs able to create and rule an empire where they did? What were the most important factors
helping them to do so?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

109. What are the possible reasons for the collapse of Mayan civilization? Which reason do you feel is most important,
and why? Why not the others?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

110. Compare and contrast the development of the Aztec empire with that of the Roman Empire. What are the similarities
and what are the differences?
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Test Bank for World History, 8th Edition

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06—The Americas


ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

111. What were the strengths and what were the weaknesses of the Aztec and Inka civilizations on the eve of their
encounter with European societies?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

112. Give examples of some of the New World societies that had not reached the state-building stage by the 1500s. How
likely were they to have done so if outside peoples had not taken over their territories? Why or why not?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

113. "The lack of extensive written records has seriously inhibited extensive knowledge of New World societies."
Discuss, pro and con, with examples.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

114. The relationship between the early societies of Mesoamerica remains something of a mystery. Discuss why the
Olmecs are frequently considered the "mother culture" of the entire region. What historical parallels can you think of?
What recent discovery brought new life to the discussion?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

115. How would you compare the centralization of the Four Quarters system to that of the Qin or Persian empires? What
features did they have in common for management of their respective states?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1

116. How did the aspect of geographic isolation from the Eurasian continental mass affect development of the
civilizations in the Western hemisphere?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1

117. How would you compare the religious structure and cosmology of the Aztecs with that of Christianity and
Zoroastrianism?
ANSWER:
POINTS: 1

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