Test Bank for World History, 9th Edition, William J. Duiker,Jackson J.

Spielvogel, ISBN: 978

Test Bank for World History, 9th Edition, William J.

Duiker,Jackson J. Spielvogel, ISBN: 9781337401043

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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06
1. The Pyramid of the Sun was built by the people of Teotihuacán in the fifth century C.E.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

2. The Maya is considered to be the "mother civilization" of Mesoamerica.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

3. The Aztec capital was Teotihuacán.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

4. The Inka had no writing system, but kept records using a system of knotted strings called quipu.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

5. At Cahokia, near East Saint Louis, archeologists have discovered a burial mound more than 98 feet high with a base
larger than Egypt's Great Pyramid.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

6. In contrast with the Aztecs, the Inka created a highly centralized state.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

7. The Arawak were a group of people living along the Orinoco River in modern Venezuela.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

8. A Carib community survives today on the island of Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

9. While the Arawak peoples left their original homeland and migrated into the Caribbean islands, the Carib peoples did
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not migrate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

10. The first civilization in Mesoamerica was the

a. Toltec.
b. Olmec.
c. Maya.
d. Aztec.
e. Moche.
ANSWER: b

11. The Olmec peoples

a. did not do any stone carving, preferring to work in copper and ivory.
b. spoke the Quechuan language.
c. developed their capital at the mountain fortress of Cuzco.
d. developed a system of hieroglyphics.
e. replaced the Maya in Mesoamerica.
ANSWER: d

12. Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture?

a. Its La Venta pyramid was the largest structure of it type for its era.
b. It created a writing system of some sort.
c. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.
d. It produced many stone carvings, tools, and monuments.
e. It did not develop the wheel or have horses.
ANSWER: c

13. Mayan civilization

a. had such a sophisticated religious system that it was adopted by the Spanish invaders.
b. may have been composed of approximately thirty million people at its height.
c. was located in the northern part of the Valley of Mexico.
d. was never wealthy.
e. declined in the eighth or ninth centuries CE
ANSWER: e

14. The chinampas

a. were agricultural plots built on swampy islands.
b. were built to maintain industrial production.
c. provided farmers with a means of growing waterfowl for export to South America.
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d. were to be found only in the semi-arid areas of northern Mesoamerica.
e. were part of Inka religious culture.
ANSWER: a

15. The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were
a. cotton and silver.
b. yams and manioc.
c. obsidian and cacao trees.
d. gold and silver.
e. manioc and turpentine.
ANSWER: c

16. What was the outcome of matches in the sacred ball court?
a. Losing players were sacrificed to the gods.
b. The games were played with the heads of sacrificed prisoners.
c. It fostered connections between the city-states of the Central Mexican Valley through sporting competitions.
d. Winners could become priests.
e. It disappeared after the fall of Olmec civilization.
ANSWER: a

17. In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?
a. They both practiced human sacrifice.
b. Both had religious practices and beliefs brought from Asia in the eleventh century.
c. Both used sophisticated alphabets with thirty-nine letters.
d. They were both seafaring societies.
e. Volcanic eruptions destroyed both civilizations.
ANSWER: a

18. Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec Empire?
a. It was a highly centralized, tightly administered monarchy developed through military conquest.
b. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an
empire developed through military conquest.
c. It was a highly centralized maritime society that had evolved from a foundation of intense religious piety.
d. It was followed by the Mayan civilization.
e. Human sacrifice was abolished by Montezuma.
ANSWER: b

19. The Aztec capital was

a. Tenochtitlán.
b. Huitzilopochtli.
c. Texcoco.
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d. Mexica.
e. Zapotec.
ANSWER: a

20. Aztec society was

a. an egalitarian democracy.
b. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority.
c. primarily involved in the trading of slaves.
d. unique in giving women major political power.
e. a purely theocratic society.
ANSWER: b

21. Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called
a. texcocos.
b. chinampas.
c. calpulli.
d. quipu.
e. jatis.
ANSWER: c

22. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the large kinship groups of the Aztecs?
a. They were the people's main link with the central government.
b. They often specialized in some particular area of responsibility.
c. They contained subdivisions of smaller family units.
d. Women were required to work in the fields five days each week.
e. In general, males were the dominant gender.
ANSWER: d

23. Who was the supreme deity among the Aztec pantheon?
a. Siva
b. Tlaloc
c. Quetzalcoatl
d. Huitzilopochtli
e. Ometeotl
ANSWER: e

24. In analyzing Aztec cosmology

a. its description reveals a totally unique approach to religious belief.
b. it is the basic format for all monotheistic practices.
c. it contained a distinct element of fatalism that was inherent in the creation myth.
d. it was copied from that of the Anasazi.
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e. the ultimate reality was the destruction of the individual soul.
ANSWER: c

25. Aztec writing

a. was phonetic.
b. may have been the result of contact with traders from the Aleutians.
c. resembled ancient Greek in its organization.
d. was copied from Egyptian hieroglyphics.
e. was based upon hieroglyphs that represented an object or concept.
ANSWER: e

26. What was the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs?
a. To obtain the atman of the victim.
b. To appease Huitzilopochtli, and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world.
c. To insure an abundant harvest.
d. To insure long life for the emperor.
e. To provide victims for the ball court games.
ANSWER: b

27. Aztec society

a. focused its religious interest on "the holy one," Huitzilopochtli, the only god in the monotheistic Aztec system
of religious belief.
b. did not possess a writing system as such, although it developed hieroglyphs.
c. dedicated the sacred precinct in central Tenochtitlán to the rain god, Shiva, and to Huitzilopochtli.
d. did not sharply delineate gender roles.
e. was egalitarian in theory but hierarchical in practice.
ANSWER: b

28. The massive Aztec stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of good and evil in
the universe is the
a. Disc of Forces.
b. Stone of the Fifth Sun.
c. Temple of Inscriptions.
d. Sun Disc.
e. Parthenonus.
ANSWER: b

29. Providing a valuable resource for later historians, this Spaniard recorded his impressions of Aztec society during a
visit in the early sixteenth century:
a. Bernal Díaz.
b. Alphonso Gomorra.

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c. Bartholomew Díaz.
d. Jakob Alverez.
e. Juan Carlos Garcia.
ANSWER: a

30. South America

a. was the original home of the Maya.
b. contained societies practicing irrigated farming approximately eleven thousand years ago.
c. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.
d. was populated only as recently as 500 CE
e. was colonized from Africa rather than Asia.
ANSWER: c

31. The Moche culture

a. was ended by a devastating pandemic of the Black Death.
b. was located in a rain forest.
c. may have been ended by environmental changes.
d. was pacifistic, perhaps the major cause of its long existence.
e. was destroyed by the Aztecs.
ANSWER: c

32. In South America, by 2000 BCE, people

a. had discovered the smelting of iron.
b. had domesticated wheat for making of bread,
c. were sailing the Pacific in wind-powered balsa wood rafts.
d. had developed a complex writing system.
e. were using the wheel in transportation.
ANSWER: c

33. Who was the Inka king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire?
a. Pizarro
b. Huayna Inca
c. Pachakuti
d. Topa Inca
e. Montezuma
ANSWER: c

34. The civilization of the Inka

a. constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.
b. employed a force of highly-paid workers to construct the structures that it produced.
c. offered all women nothing but a life of domestic service restricted to the home.
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d. developed an abundant lowland valley community at Machu Picchu.
e. routinely executed all war prisoners its army captured.
ANSWER: a

35. Which of the following is not accurate?

a. All males were liable for military service in the Inka army.
b. The quipu was a system of knotted strings used in the Inka Empire.
c. The Inka required subject peoples to speak Quechua.
d. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Inka culture.
e. Women could improve their lifestyles by becoming "chosen virgins" in Inka temples.
ANSWER: d

36. The Inka capital was

a. Lima.
b. Cuzco.
c. Monte Verde.
d. Tenochtitlan,
e. Uxmal.
ANSWER: b

37. Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500 CE
were the
a. Ute and the Mohawk.
b. Apache and Navajo.
c. Cree and Shoshone.
d. Anasazi and Arawak.
e. both b and c
ANSWER: b

38. The tuber cultivated by the Arawak, which is used today to manufacture tapioca, is
a. millet.
b. maize.
c. manioc.
d. cacao.
e. squash.
ANSWER: c

39. Anasazi society possibly declined for all of the following reasons except
a. severe drought.
b. increase in internecine warfare.
c. invaders.
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d. extensive floods.
e. starvation.
ANSWER: d

40. There were farming villages in Central and South America by

a. 10,000 BCE
b. 5000 BCE
c. 1000 BCE
d. 100 CE
e. 500 CE
ANSWER: b

41. Which of the following was not a detrimental factor in the technological development of the peoples of the Western
Hemisphere?
a. Lack of large domesticated animals.
b. Geographic diversity.
c. Lack of established trade routes.
d. Lack of indigenous varieties of edible grasses to facilitate the transition from a hunting/gathering society to
farming.
e. A difficult topography and environmental diversity.
ANSWER: c

42. Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere with those of the
Old World?
a. Long-distance trade
b. Human sacrifice
c. Iron smelting
d. Irrigated agriculture
e. The practice of warfare
ANSWER: c

43. It is now generally accepted that human beings were living in the Americas at least ___________ years ago.
a. 3,000
b. 8,000
c. 12,000
d. 15,000
e. 20,000
ANSWER: d

44. The first signs of civilization in Mesoamerica appeared at the end of which time period?
a. Third millennium BCE

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b. Second millennium BCE
c. First millennium BCE
d. Fourth millennium BCE
e. Second millennium CE
ANSWER: b

45. Cacao trees were the source of chocolate and drunk as a beverage by
a. the upper class
b. the middle class
c. the lower class
d. all of the classes
ANSWER: a

46. The majority of the Mayan population on the peninsula were

a. artisans.
b. farmers.
c. upper class.
d. military fighters.
e. all of these options.
ANSWER: b

47. Chichen Itza was controlled by which civilization?

a. Mayan
b. Olmec
c. Toltec
d. Aztec
e. Zoque
ANSWER: c

48. Mayan religion was

a. polytheistic.
b. monotheistic.
c. both polytheistic and monotheistic.
ANSWER: a

49. What is the system of calculating time based on a lunar calendar that called for the end of the current cycle of 5,200
years in the year 2012?
a. Luna clock
b. Long count
c. Maya count
d. Mesoamerica clock
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e. Calendar counting
ANSWER: b

50. This group expanded from the Andes foothills to the coast of modern Lima, Peru.
a. Chavin
b. Moche
c. Wari
d. Chimor
e. Inka
ANSWER: c

51. In the mid _______ century, the Ancient Pueblo peoples moved north to Mesa Verde.
a. 2nd
b. 5th
c. 8th
d. 10th
e. 12th
ANSWER: d

52. What new power had its capital at Chan Chan?

a. Toltec.
b. Olmec.
c. Maya.
d. Aztec.
e. Chimor
ANSWER: d

53. The first organized societies in the Andes happened when?

a. 2200 BCE
b. 3500 BCE
c. 1600 BCE
d. 900 BCE
e. 200 BCE
ANSWER: b

54. When was the Inka takeover in central Andes?

a. 1000 CE
b. 3200 BCE
c. 1400s
d. 1200s
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e. 500 CE
ANSWER: c

55. What was the official name for “the world of the four quarters”?
a. Tahuantinsuyu
b. Huitzilopochtli.
c. Texcoco.
d. Mexica.
e. Zapotec.
ANSWER: a

56. Who were the first Americans, and when and how did they arrive in the Western Hemisphere?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

57. “Olmec civilization was the prototype for all subsequent early Mesoamerican civilizations.” Compare and contrast the
Olmec civilization with following early Mesoamerican civilizations to support or attack this thesis.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

58. Why were the Aztecs able to create and rule an empire where they did? What were the most important factors helping
them to do so?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

59. What are the possible reasons for the collapse of Mayan civilization? Which reason(s) do you feel is most important,
and why? Why are other specific reasons for the collapse of the Maya offered by scholars not compelling explanations for
the civilization's collapse?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

60. Compare and contrast the development of the Aztec culture with that of the Maya culture during the Classical era.
What are the similarities and what are the differences in terms of their relative cultural sophistication and cultural goals
and objectives?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

61. What were the strengths and what were the weaknesses of the Aztec and Inka civilizations on the eve of their
encounter with European societies?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

62. Give examples of some of the New World societies that had not reached the state-building stage by the 1500s. How
likely were they to have done so if outside peoples had not taken over their territories? Why or why not?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

63. What influence did the lack of extensive written records have on developing scholarly knowledge of Mayan society?
How did scholars overcome this handicap in learning about Mayan civilization?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

64. The relationship between the early societies of Mesoamerica remains something of a mystery. Discuss why the
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Test Bank for World History, 9th Edition, William J. Duiker,Jackson J. Spielvogel, ISBN: 978

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06
Olmecs are frequently considered the "mother culture" of the entire region. What historical parallels can you think of?
What recent discovery brought new life to the discussion?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

65. Describe and evaluate the political and economic features of the Four Quarters system of the Inkan empire of
Pachakuti. What were the management strengths and weaknesses of the Four Quarters system? Use specific examples in
your answer.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

66. How did the aspect of geographic isolation from the Eurasian continental mass affect the early development of the
civilizations in the Western hemisphere?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

67. What were the religious structures and cosmological beliefs that underlay the religion of the Aztecs ? What role did
the power of the Aztec creation myth play in the development of Aztec culture?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

68. To what extent were technological and cultural achievements of one early pre-Columbian Mesoamerican Society
transferred from one society to another? What factors promoted and/or hindered such a transfer of technological and
cultural achievements between succeeding Mesoamerican societies? Use specific examples in your essay.
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

69. Why were the development of calpullis (large kinship groups) so integral to the development of the Aztec
civilization? How did specific gender roles within Aztec civilization influence the social structure of the civilization?
ANSWER: Answers may vary.

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