Test Bank For Worlds Together Worlds Apart With Sources 2nd AP Edition Elizabeth Pollard

Test Bank for Worlds Together Worlds Apart with Sources, 2nd AP Edition Elizabeth Pollard
Test Bank for Worlds Together Worlds Apart with

Sources, 2nd AP Edition Elizabeth Pollard
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CHAPTER 7 Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome 300 BCE–300 CE
Global Storylines
I. Flourishing at roughly the same time, Han China and the Roman Empire became powerful and
enduring “globalizing empires.”
II. The Han dynasty, building on Qin foundations, establishes a bureaucratic imperial model and social
order in East Asia.
III. The Roman Empire becomes a Mediterranean superpower exerting far-reaching political, legal,
economic, and cultural influence.
Core Objectives
1. IDENTIFY the features that made Han China and imperial Rome globalizing empires.
2. DESCRIBE the development of the Han dynasty from its beginnings through the third century CE.
3. EXPLAIN the process by which Rome transitioned from a minor city-state to a dominating
Mediterranean power.
4. COMPARE Han China with imperial Rome in terms of their respective political authority,
economy, cultural developments, and military expansion.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following was a means by which both the Roman and Han empires incorporated their
conquered neighbors into their realms?
a. Requiring tribute of slaves from conquered territories
b. Offering civic representation to conquered peoples
c. Allowing local laws to remain in conquered territories
d. Tightly restricting the flow of trade goods within conquered territories
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: p. 299 OBJ: 4
TOP: I MSC: Analyzing
2. Which of the following cultural characteristics was common to both the Romans and the Han?
a. Both were strongly traditional and idealized their ancestors.
b. Both believed that imperial art and architecture should not to detract from the glorification
of the common citizen.
c. Both valued minimalism in art.
d. Both sought to eliminate the role of religious rituals and ceremonies in civic life.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: p. 300 OBJ: 4
TOP: I MSC: Applying
3. Which of the following represents one of Qin Shi Huangdi’s techniques of governance?
a. He eliminated the nobility as a distinct designation of status in society to prevent possible
opposition to his rule.
b. He ruled directly over the massive new state he had conquered, not trusting any advisers or
bureaucrats.
c. He required regional and local officials to answer directly to the emperor, who could
dismiss them at will.
d. He placed all provinces under the rule of a military governor, who had absolute power to
keep the peace and collect tribute.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: p. 302 OBJ: 2
TOP: II MSC: Applying
4. Which of the following was a long-lasting cultural impact of Qin rule?

a. Encouraging Daoist art and scientific studies
b. Establishing a uniform written script
c. Granting teachers the right to present any material they chose
d. Encouraging private publication and ownership of books
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: p. 302 OBJ: 2
5. How did Zheng, the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, attempt to make his throne secure?
a. Zheng had himself appointed emperor by a council of the competing Warring States,
ensuring broad support for his reign.
b. Zheng took the title “di,” ancestral ruler, to emphasize his superiority over lesser rulers who
were called kings.
c. Zheng forced the rulers of defeated states to move to his capital, Xianyang, to ensure that
they were not plotting rebellion.
d. Zheng allowed local rulers retain authority because they could more efficiently collect taxes
and put down local rebellions.
TOP: II MSC: Understanding
6. The Qin dynasty used which of the following techniques to consolidate state power?
a. It abandoned territory in the south and northeast of China to concentrate on its remaining
land.
b. It promoted as the guiding political idea the notion of “greater flexibility,” which allowed
individual regions to establish customs suited to their own traditions.
c. It established strict laws and harsh punishments that applied to everyone regardless of rank
or status.
d. It embraced the ideas of Confucianism such as emphasizing rituals and ethics to create order
within society.
7. The Zhou increased agricultural yield by allowing peasants to own their lands. Later, the Qin further
extended agricultural production by:
a. conscripting farm laborers to build irrigation systems and canals to extend agricultural
production.
b. increasing reliance on slave labor to produce taxable agricultural surpluses.
c. decreasing taxes on commercial goods needed by farmers.
d. removing restrictions and lowering taxes on farm households to encourage agricultural
production.
TOP: II MSC: Analyzing
8. Which of the following is the primary cause of the collapse of the Qin Empire?
a. The Xiongnu invaded the center of the Qin Empire and released the Qin’s imprisoned rivals.
b. Heavy taxation and reliance on conscripted labor led desperate workers to rebel against the
government.
c. Shi Huangdi’s son and eldest grandson joined together to stage a mutiny against the
emperor.
d. Peasants refused to allow their sons to be conscripted into the army, which became too small
to keep order.
9. Liu Bang, after seizing power and establishing the Han dynasty, attempted to stabilize his rule by:
a. rejecting the past and all expression of Confucian thought.
b. eliminating the bureaucracy as too prone to abuse and corruption.
c. establishing an image of the Qin dynasty as cruel and oppressive, and Han rule as a return to
morality.
d. emphasizing his noble origins in order to support his claim to authority.
10. Which of the following is a valid comparison between Alexander the Great and Emperor Wu?
a. Alexander often led his army in battle, while Wu never led his army.
b. Wu, known as the martial emperor, was known as a better commander than Alexander.
c. Neither Wu nor Alexander were responsible for spreading their cultures to newly conquered
regions.
d. Both Wu and Alexander were the founders of new dynasties.
11. In contrast to the Qin dynasty, the Han Empire was distinguished by:
a. the alliance between the imperial family and the scholar-gentry class.
b. the alliance between the imperial family and the nobility.
c. the alliance between the imperial family and Buddhist religious officials.
d. the alliance between the imperial family and Daoist religious officials.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 304–305 OBJ: 2
12. The works of which of the following Axial Age thinkers provided the foundation for the Han
bureaucracy and educational system?
a. Buddha
b. Plato
c. Zoroaster
d. Confucius
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: p. 305 OBJ: 2
13. Which of the following was a cornerstone of Han political thought and practice?
a. The foundation of legitimate rule was the endorsement of religious authority.
b. A centralized bureaucracy provided a counterweight to the emperor’s autocratic strength.
c. The people themselves could choose their leader under the mandate.
d. The past was rejected in favor of a focus on the new empire and its practices.
14. In contrast to Rome, Han monumental architecture was primarily associated with:
a. sites of mass entertainment, such as theaters.
b. religious shrines and temples.
c. palaces and tombs of rulers.
d. state offices and public buildings.
15. Which of the following comparisons accurately reflects Han social ideals?
a. Peasants were subject to a range of controls while merchants were praised for the wealth
they produced in society.
b. Peasants were honored for their productive labors while merchants were subject to a range
of controls.
c. Peasants and merchants were both praised for their productivity.
d. Peasants and merchants were both distrusted as uneducated and uncultured.
16. How did the role of merchants change under Han rule?
a. Merchants enjoyed the right to charge whatever price they liked for their goods, thus
maximizing their profits.
b. Merchants used their financial resources to purchase land so they could abandon
less-honorable merchant activity.
c. Merchants adopted the habit of living modest lifestyles to avoid incurring the wrath of
less-wealthy-state officials.
d. Merchants found some of their independence undercut by the creation of state monopolies
and price controls.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: p. 306 OBJ: 2
17. According to common belief during the Han dynasty, what would a cluster of calamities, prodigies, and
heavenly omens usually portend?
a. The people should rally in defense of the emperor to prevent further disorder.
b. The emperor possessed the mandate of heaven.
c. The emperor had lost the mandate of heaven.
d. The emperor should be put to death for angering the gods.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 308 OBJ: 2
TOP: II MSC: Remembering
18. In what way did Chinese philosophy change under the rule of Emperor Wu?
a. A new view of Daoism advocated looking to natural omens to direct state policy.
b. A new view of Legalism justified the role of the ruler in deciding and implementing law and
morality.
c. A new view of Confucianism emphasized the authority of the ruler to set unbending moral
law for all his subjects.
d. A new view of Confucianism turned Confucius into a lawgiver and uncrowned monarch.
19. What hampered the Han military’s effort to expand the empire in southwestern China?
a. Long supply lines that could not be adequately defended
b. Lack of immunity to southern diseases, such as malaria
c. Insufficient cavalry to repel nomads in southern deserts
d. The army was too disorganized to defend the northern frontiers.
20. What was the Han dynasty’s preferred policy concerning governance of vassal states?
a. The Han set up members of the imperial family as local political leaders in vassal states.
b. The Han governed vassal states through large military outposts in their midst.
c. The Han held children of the local elites as hostages to be raised in the imperial household.
d. The Han did not intervene in their vassals’ domestic policy unless they rebelled.
21. To help secure the frontier along the desert regions, Emperor Wu:
a. built the Great Wall of China.
b. established military and farming settlements in which soldiers and their families could
develop agricultural communities.
c. forced all men in conquered communities to serve in the army for 5 years.
d. relocated rebellious peoples into central China.
TOP: II MSC: Remembering
22. How did Wang Mang attempt to remedy the crisis in rural areas?
a. By forcing free peasants into serfdom
b. By moving the poor from the cities onto empty farm land
c. By redistributing land and establishing communal plots to grow crops for trade
d. By creating new canals to irrigate more farmland
23. Which of the following contributed to the fall of Wang Mang?

a. The fall of the hereditary privileged elite
b. The massive flooding of the Yellow River which affected half of the population
c. The rise of a millenarian Confucian cult called the Red Eyebrows
d. The widespread drought that ruined the agriculture upon which the state depended
24. Which of the following accurately describes the Yellow Turbans in China?
a. They were Buddhist clerics who came to China from northern India.
b. They called for a strengthening of the powers of the emperor over those of the local nobility.
c. They proclaimed a Daoist belief in a “Great Peace” and demanded equal distribution of all
farmland.
d. They embraced a more tolerant version of Confucianism that emphasized conformity to
rituals.
25. What was a consequence for the Later Han dynasty of the landed elites’ manipulating tax regulations?
a. Free peasants were forced to become tenant farmers whose rents rose rapidly.
b. Merchants saw declining wealth and power as long-distance trade decreased.
c. Buddhist monasteries were supported by the landowners to compensate for their treatment
of peasants.
d. Political authority was increasingly centralized within the hands of the newly rich
scholar-officials.
26. Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the Han and Roman empires?
a. The Han economy was based on agriculture, while Rome’s was based on trade.
b. The Han and the Romans both used large amounts of slave labor.
c. The Han and the Romans both based governance of their provinces on state-trained scholar
elites.
d. The Han Empire covered a large contiguous land mass while the Roman empire was spread
around the Mediterranean.
27. What undermined Etruscan power on the Italian peninsula?

a. Lack of natural resources
b. Trade wars with the Carthaginians
c. Invasion by the Gauls
d. Superior Phoenician naval power
TOP: III MSC: Applying
28. What technique did the Romans use to create their military might?
a. Building a naval fleet that permitted them to use the Mediterranean as a rapid transport route
for the army
b. Developing a series of new weapons that gave the Romans a decisive technological
advantage over their adversaries
c. Forming a special contingent of slave-soldiers to serve as support personnel for the regular
army
d. Demanding that communities they conquered on the Italian peninsula provide a supply of
military recruits every year
29. Rome finally defeated which power in 146 BCE, resulting in Roman hegemony over the Mediterranean
basin?
a. Libya
b. Egypt
c. Tuscany
d. Carthage
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 316 OBJ: 3
TOP: III MSC: Remembering
30. Aside from expanding the state’s borders, which of the following was the prime motivation for
ambitious Roman military leaders during the first few centuries BCE?
a. Personal glory and acquiring great wealth
b. Increased status in the warrior religion, Mithraism
c. Acquiring more wealth through taking over manufactures and trade in conquered territories
d. The chance to become emperor of a conquered territory
TOP: III MSC: Analyzing
31. To whom did Rome’s poor citizens look for protection of their interests during the Republic?
a. To the Senate to protect their interests against large landowners
b. To army commanders to provide them with land and a decent income
c. To leaders of the state religion who promoted the equality of all people
d. To the faction that opposed the Gracchus brothers who attempted to strip the poor of their
citizenship
32. Roman emperors used which of the following to calm the people’s concerns about the reinstitution of
monarchy?
a. They presented themselves as civil rulers whose power depended on the consent of the
Roman citizens and the power of the army.
b. They justified their power through religious ceremonies and auguries led by the pontifex
maximus.
c. They claimed that the only way to prevent civil strife was through the citizens’ surrendering
ancient liberties to the strongest military leader.
d. They claimed that they could not become tyrants since they had no control over the military.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: p. 318 OBJ: 3
33. What was one of the most important factors that led to establishment of one-man rule of the Roman
Republic?
a. Lands seized from poor Roman citizens by Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
b. The sudden de-urbanization of Rome, as city dwellers migrated into the countryside
c. Ambitious generals whose rivalry led to a series of civil wars
d. The massive number of deaths inflicted upon Romans by the Gauls
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: p. 318 OBJ: 3
TOP: III MSC: Evaluating
34. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the ways the Han and Roman empires were
governed?
a. Monarchs in both empires were successful in directly administering the functions of
government.
b. In comparison with the Han Empire, the Roman Empire was relatively understaffed in
central government officials.
c. Provincial governors in both empires had to depend on local help, sometimes aided by elite
slaves who served as government bureaucrats.
d. While both Han and Roman emperors claimed to defend the empire from “barbarians,” only
the Han professionalized the army and presented themselves as victorious battlefield
commanders.
35. What feature of Roman civil society endured long after the fall of the empire?
a. The system of patronage
b. The legal system and extensive written laws
c. The unquestioned authority of the paterfamilias
d. The idea of citizenship for all adult males
36. Roman family life was characterized by which of the following?

a. Roman law gave husbands and fathers complete authority over their families.
b. Compared to the women in the Greek city-states, Roman women exercised much less
freedom and control over their wealth and property.
c. As Roman imperial society expanded, the importance of family units diminished in urban
centers as children were able to act more independently.
d. Roman women were rarely educated or in control of their own lives.
37. Which of the following characterized Roman social structure?

a. The wealthy fulfilled their public obligations through their political offices rather than
through private charity.
b. The emperors were expected to focus on military issues, leaving the care of the poor to
lesser officials.
c. Men and women of wealth and high social standing acted as patrons, protecting lower-class
clients.
d. The wealthy rarely sponsored construction of civic buildings such as libraries, bath houses,
or theaters.
TOP: III MSC: Understanding
38. The prosperity of the large-scale commercial plantations established by the Romans depended on:
a. chattel slavery.
b. tenant farmers.
c. the army, who bought most of their products.
d. links between agricultural output and manufacturing.
39. What was the context for the foundations of early Christianity?
a. A conflict between the Jewish people and their Islamic neighbors
b. A rejection of Southeast Asian polytheism
c. A direct confrontation with Roman imperial authority
d. The waning influence of Zoroastrianism
40. How did Roman mining operations contribute to the efficient functioning of the Roman economy?
a. They helped create an industrial economy.
b. They provided capital leading to the growth of a middle class.
c. They provided iron for bridges along Roman Roads, which better connected the economy of
disparate places.
d. They supported massive, standardized coinage.
41. What marked the limits of Roman expansion to the east?
a. The Parthian Empire
b. The Indian Ocean
c. The Himalayas
d. The Persian Empire
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: pp. 324–325 OBJ: 3
TOP: III MSC: Remembering
42. What was the major commodity that the Romans wanted from the German and Goth populations to their
north?
a. Gold
b. Wine
c. Slaves
d. Furs
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 326 OBJ: 3
TRUE/FALSE
1. The typical public servant in the Roman Empire was the civilian magistrate, while in the Han Empire the
typical public servant was the military governor.
ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 299–300 OBJ: 4

TOP: I MSC: Analyzing
2. Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire championed the use of slave labor to produce agricultural
surpluses and tax revenues.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: p. 300 OBJ: 4

3. The Roman imperial government was so understaffed that it often had to rely on local peoples and even
slaves and freedmen to run the bureaucracy.
ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: p. 319 OBJ: 3

4. Some elite women in both Han China and the Roman empire were educated, literate, and able to control
their own lives.
ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: p. 321 OBJ: 4

5. The Roman empire integrated its most distant regions by investing in extensive road building.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: p. 322 OBJ: 3

ESSAY
1. Compare the labor systems and the use of forced labor in the Qin dynasty, the Han dynasty, and the
Roman Empire.
ANS:
Both the Qin and Han dynasties championed free farmers who possessed their own lands and enjoyed a
share of the fruits of their own labor; this idealized farmer became the backbone of the Chinese empire.
However, both the Qin and the Han also conscripted huge peasant labor forces for special projects like
building canals, roads, and defensive walls, as well as for military service. The Roman republic also
idealized small land owners who had limited rights to participate in government, yet formed the
backbone of the Roman army. As the empire grew, the Romans developed large, plantation-style farms
that relied upon huge slave labor forces from conquered peoples. This forced free farmers to the cities to
find alternate forms of work, often giving their loyalty to a patrician patron in order to survive. Slavery
became an essential part of the economic life of the empire. However, the Roman economy’s reliance on
slavery became a potential source of instability, as slave rebellions rocked the empire.
DIF: Moderate OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing
2. Compare and analyze the ways the Roman and Han Empires promoted peace and stability along their
borders.
ANS:
Both Han China and Imperial Rome established imperial systems that enabled subject peoples to
become members of these empires, rather than simply conquered peoples. They did this by using
administrative strategies like extending laws, offering systems of representation, exporting belief
systems, colonizing lands, and promoting trade within and beyond the empires. If conquered peoples
resisted, they did not benefit from the imperial infrastructure, and they became the target of relentless
military attacks. Eventually, this dominance established peace in the respective empires, the Pax Sinica
in China and the Pax Romana in Rome.
In Han China, the Pax Sinica ushered in a period of flourishing long-distance trade, urban
growth, rising standards of living, and a surge in population. The Han enjoyed tribute from their vassal
states but did not intervene in the domestic policy of these states unless they rebelled. Instead, the Han
relied on trade and markets to encourage their vassals to work within the tribute system. To patrol their
borders, the Han extended the Great Wall and established military and farming settlements along the
borderlands. The state supported these soldier-settlers with seeds, tools, and technical support. By
contrast, the Pax Romana emerged after half a century of civil war and came at a price: authoritarian
one-man rule. Augustus Caesar concentrated much of the state’s surplus wealth, the most important
titles, and the positions of power in his own hands. He ruled the empire with its massive war machine
focused on extending the empire’s borders. Labeling outsiders as “barbarians,” Rome engaged in near
constant wars on its borderlands. But Romans also traded with outsiders, even those with whom they
fought.
DIF: Difficult OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing
3. Compare the imperial structures of the Han and Roman empires and analyze how the imperial structures
related to social hierarchies in each society.
ANS:
In Han China, the emperor was at the head of a vast administrative bureaucracy that was more
centralized than Rome’s. But the emperor was dependent on the people for their support. This did not
mean that the people chose their rulers, but that they could reject rulers who did not promote general
well-being. So, the emperor embraced a Confucian ideal in which he balanced the people’s mandate, the
power of bureaucratic officials, and his own autocratic rule. This balance was echoed in the social
hierarchy. There was a free peasant class that owned and tilled its own land. The Han court honored them
because they embraced an agrarian ideal. But in reality, powerful elites still dominated the social
hierarchy. The imperial family and nobles were at the top, followed by high-ranking officials and
scholars, followed by great merchants and manufacturers, and then local magnates. Below these elites
were lesser clerks, small landowners, artisans, small merchants, hired laborers, and tenant farmers. The
more destitute became government slaves who relied on the state for food and clothing. At the bottom
were convicts and a relatively small number of private slaves.
By contrast, the Roman Empire began as a republic with citizens who claimed certain rights and
privileges. Even after Octavian concentrated power in a single person, the Senate still existed, and
Roman emperors were always careful to present themselves as civil rulers whose power depended on the
consent of the citizens. Still, imperial powers were immense. Roman subjects tended to see the emperors
as heroic or semidivine, believing that the good ones became gods upon their death. The social hierarchy
in Rome formalized differences and relations between people of more or less power and was far more
formal than that of Han China. The stark difference between elites (patricians) and nonelites (plebeians)
was cemented in the patron–client relationship, which was a mutually beneficial relationship in which
the powerful protected the powerless in exchange for their support. This relationship also found
expression in the basic social unit of Rome, the family, led by the powerful paterfamilias. In contrast to
Han China and its reliance on the free peasant farmer, Rome relied heavily on the labor of slaves,
especially in its mines and large agricultural plantations. The slave population of Han China was around
1 percent, while that of Rome was 10 percent.
DIF: Difficult OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing
4. Analyze the influence of Axial Age belief systems on the Mauryan and the Han empires.
ANS:
Both the Maurya under Asoka and the Han turned to more gentle Axial Age philosophies after the strife
of empire-building as they consolidated their rule. The Han used Confucian ideals to support their
dynasty’s claim to rule under the mandate of heaven. They characterized the Qin as immoral, cruel, and
despotic, while the Han were depicted as concerned with the welfare of the people –thus making them
the legitimate rulers. Confucian scholars enjoyed unprecedented status in the empire, where they now
tutored princes and oversaw the training of future bureaucrats. They embraced three central ideals:
honoring tradition, respecting the lessons of history, and emphasizing the emperor’s responsibility to
heaven. In the Mauryan Empire, Asoka, appalled by the brutal devastation his army had wrought on the
people during his consolidation of power, turned to Buddhism. He issued the Kalinga edict to renounce
violence and assert his intention to rule according the principles of dhamma. Subjects following
different religions could support this moral code, which became a unifying force. Asoka asserted himself
as the father of his subjects and used edicts to promulgate the principles of Buddhism.
DIF: Difficult, multi-chapter OBJ: 2 TOP: II

MSC: Analyzing
5. Evaluate the extent to which an emphasis on a war ethos helped or hurt the creation of the Roman
republic and one of the following: the Macedonian empire or the Qin dynasty.”
ANS:
Test Bank for Worlds Together Worlds Apart with Sources, 2nd AP Edition Elizabeth Pollard
In the context of warring Greek city-states, Philip II of Macedonia created an advanced military
machine. He used heavily armored infantry in phalanx formation as well as large-scale cavalry units to
conquer the surrounding city-states, including Athens and Sparta. From that base, Philip’s son
Alexander used this army to attack the Persian empire, expanding the dominion of Macedonia beyond
Greece from Egypt to the Indus River valley. Alexander concentrated on military conquest and a warrior
ethos, leaving his empire, without any real organization for rule. After Alexander’s sudden death, his
generals squabbled over who would control the fragments of his empire. Thus, while military ethos
provided a means to conquer, it did not provide for stable governance following the military expansion.
The Qin similarly rose to prominence as one of many militaristic regimes in the Warring States
period. The Qin expanded into the Sichuan region, where they exploited mineral resources to build a
conscript army and provide funds for warfare. King Zheng, later Shi Huangdi, unlike Alexander, took
steps to govern the territory he had conquered, setting up commanderies with civilian and military
governors who answered directly to the emperor. Qin rule was further consolidated by adopting
Legalism and registration of all common people for taxation and military service. Despite its military
successes, the Qin empire collapsed after fourteen years, overthrown by a mutiny of conscript workers
worn out by constant warfare, conscription, and heavy taxation.
In the city-state of Rome, the ideal of the citizen soldier meant that every male citizen was
expected to bear arms to defend Rome. Guided by the example of great warriors from the past, such as
Cincinnatus and Horatio, Romans engaged first in conflict with the Etruscans and later with surrounding
Latin and non-Latin peoples in the Italian peninsula. Rome required conquered territories to send men
annually to the army, increasing its size, and making further conquests possible. At first, conquered
tribes in the Italian peninsula were considered to be barbarians—not Romans. Gradually, a series of
conflicts with Latin tribes and other groups forced the Romans to change their notions of what it meant
to be a Roman, eventually extending citizenship to those under the sway of Roman rule. This policy
made many of the conquered people in the Italian peninsula supporters of Roman rule. Rome then turned
their attention to Carthage, their remaining rival for power in the western Mediterranean. The superior
numbers of the Roman army ultimately led to the destruction of Carthage, and Rome became an imperial
power. The Roman army continued to draft, train, and field extraordinary numbers of men, embedding
the ideals of the war ethos deeply in each generation, which set the stage for the eventual downfall of the
republic at the hands of competing generals and the beginning of imperial rule.
All three empires began in military conquest, but that same conquest made both the Qin and the
Macedonian rule short-lived. The Qin began to create a method of governance, which was the
foundation of the Han state that followed. The cultural legacy of Alexander—Hellenism—had a longer
effect than his rule. His empire, like that of Shi Huangdi, did not survive his death. The Roman Republic,
on the other hand, lasted longer before the excessive devotion to militarism led to civil war and the
demise of the Republic.
DIF: Difficult, multi-chapter OBJ: 3 TOP: III

MSC: Evaluating
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4. Which of the following was a long-lasting cultural impact of Qin rule?

23. Which of the following contributed to the fall of Wang Mang?

27. What undermined Etruscan power on the Italian peninsula?

36. Roman family life was characterized by which of the following?

37. Which of the following characterized Roman social structure?

ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 299–300 OBJ: 4

ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: p. 300 OBJ: 4

ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: p. 319 OBJ: 3

ANS: T DIF: Difficult REF: p. 321 OBJ: 4

ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: p. 322 OBJ: 3

DIF: Moderate OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing

DIF: Difficult OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing

DIF: Difficult OBJ: 4 TOP: I MSC: Analyzing

DIF: Difficult, multi-chapter OBJ: 2 TOP: II

DIF: Difficult, multi-chapter OBJ: 3 TOP: III

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