Bus Topology: This Is A Simple Linear Network Where All Devices Are Connected To A

Common Cable, Called A Bus, Which Acts As A Backbone To Transmit Data.

All Devices Are Connected To The Bus Through T-Connectors, And Data Is Transmitted In Both
Directions Along The Bus.

The Bus Topology Is Easy To Set Up But Can Be Vulnerable To Problems Such As Cable Faults
And Overloading.

Advantages Of Bus Topology:

Easy To Install: Bus Topology Is Relatively Simple To Install And Does Not Require Complex
Wiring Or Configuration,

Making It A Cost-Effective Option For Small Networks.

Simple Design: The Bus Topology Has A Straightforward Design, With All Devices Connected
To A Common Backbone. This Makes It Easy To Understand And Manage.

Scalability: Bus Topology Can Be Easily Expanded By Adding New Devices To The Network.
This Makes It A Good Choice For Growing Networks That Need To Add Devices Over Time.

Disadvantages Of Bus Topology:

Single Point Of Failure: The Bus Cable Acts As A Single Point Of Failure, And If It Fails, The
Entire Network Will Be Disrupted.

This Can Be A Major Drawback In Critical Systems That Require High Reliability.

Limited Cable Length: The Length Of The Bus Cable Is Limited, As The Signal Degrades
Over Longer Distances.

This Can Limit The Number Of Devices That Can Be Connected To The Network.

Overloading: Bus Topology Can Be Vulnerable To Overloading, As All Devices Share The
Same Cable To Transmit Data. This Can Lead To Data Collisions And Slowdowns.

Cable Faults: Bus Topology Is Susceptible To Cable Faults, Such As Cuts Or Breaks, Which
Can Disrupt The Entire Network.

Star Topology: In This Topology, Devices Are Connected To A Central Hub Or Switch, Forming
A Star-Like Pattern.

Each Device Has A Dedicated Point-To-Point Connection To The Hub, Which Acts As A Relay To
Transmit Data Between Devices.

The Star Topology Is More Reliable Than The Bus Topology, As Faults In One Device Do Not
Affect The Others.

However, It Requires More Cabling And Can Be More Expensive To Set Up.
Advantages of Star Topology

Reliability: In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to the
central hub or switch.

Scalability: To add or remove a device, it is simply necessary to connect or disconnect it from

the central hub.

Ease of Installation: The star topology is easy to install and set up, as each device only
requires a single cable connection to the central hub.

Disadvantages of Star Topology:

Cost: The star topology requires a central hub or switch, which can be expensive.

Single Point of Failure: The central hub is a single point of failure in the star topology. If the
hub fails, the entire network will go down.

Cable Length Limitations: The length of the cables connecting devices to the central hub is
limited.

Increased Network Traffic: The star topology can lead to increased network traffic,
as all data must pass through the central hub before being transmitted to its destination.
Ring Topology: In This Topology, Devices Are Connected In A Circular Pattern, Forming A
Ring.

Data Is Transmitted In One Direction Around The Ring, And Each Device Acts As A Repeater To
Amplify And Retransmit The Signal.

The Ring Topology Is Fault-Tolerant, As Failures In One Device Do Not Affect The Others.

However, It Can Be Slow And Can Be Disrupted By Multiple Failures.

Advantages Of Ring Topology:

Fault Tolerance: In A Ring Topology, If One Device Fails, Data Can Still Be Transmitted
Through The Other Devices In The Ring, Providing A High Degree Of Fault Tolerance.

Efficient Data Transmission: Data Is Transmitted In A Single Direction Around The Ring,
Reducing The Likelihood Of Collisions And Making The Network More Efficient.
Easy To Install: Setting Up A Ring Topology Is Relatively Straightforward, As Devices Are
Simply Connected In A Circular Manner.

Disadvantages Of Ring Topology:

Single Point Of Failure: Although The Ring Topology Is Fault-Tolerant, It Is Vulnerable To

Multiple Failures, As The Failure Of More Than One Device Can Disrupt The Entire Network.

Limited Scalability: Adding New Devices To A Ring Topology Can Be Difficult, As Each New
Device Must Be Inserted Into The Ring, Disrupting The Existing Connections.

Slower Data Transmission: All Data Must Pass Through Each Device In The Ring, Making
The Network Slower Than Other Topologies, Such As The Star Topology.

Vulnerability To Cable Breaks: The Ring Topology Is Vulnerable To Cable Breaks, As The
Failure Of A Single Cable Can Disrupt The Entire Network.