GROUP 6

THE GLOBAL
DIVIDES: THE
NORTH &
SOUTH
(FOCUS ON LATIN AMERICA)
 Meet The Group

Legaspina, Hannah Gatos, Kyla Gueco, Rosanes,

Keziah Joy P. Aerielle C. Ailene G. Amlyn T.
 Prayer
Student's Prayer
O God of truth from whom every good thought comes.
Help us in our studies, let us read more carefully, and listen to
wisdom more humbly.
Teach us in the course of this year, that every discovery of truth
is a discovery of You.
And the more we learned of Your laws and your ways. The
nearer we are brought to an understanding of Your Divine
being,
Through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Amen.
 Ice Breaker
(alternative)
How are you?
(Kumusta ka na?)

We hope everyone's doing

well!~
 Ice Breaker(alternative)
In your own words can you define the difference between NORTH and
SOUTH AMERICA

Give at least 3 countries in Latin America that you think it has a big
population

Which in the global divides has been colonized

(a. the north b. the south)
The North and South Divide in the
Contemporary World
The North and South Divide in the
Contemporary World
WHAT IS THE ''LATIN AMERICA'' ?
 The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World

The North-South Divide is generally seen as a contemporary

political and socio-economic division.

THE TERM "GLOBAL NORTH"

Global North - commonly includes “the United
States, Canada, Western Europe, outermost
regions of the European Union. Developed parts of
Asia (the Four Asian Tigers), Japan, Brunei, and
Israel, as well as Australia and New Zealand”
The North is home to all members of G8 and
to four of the five permanent members of the
United Nations Security Council
 The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World

In the North-South Divide, the "South" has been

generally called the "Global South" to reduce confusion
with the South of the United States. In contemporary
political usage, the first use of Global South emerged in
1969. American writer, academic, and political activist
Carl Oglesby (1935-2011), writing the liberal Catholic
journal Commonweal in a special issue on the Vietnam
War, contended that centuries of American "dominance
over the global south... have converged... to produce an
intolerable social order" ("Global South," n.d.). Throughout
the latter half of the 20th century, the concept continued
to get appeal and grip as it has been laden with varied
shades of interrelated meanings
Carl Oglesby (1935-2011)
first coined the term Global South
The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World

John Comaff, Author of the book Theory from the

South:Or, How Euro-America Is Evolving Toward Africa
(2012) defines and elucidates the connotation of the
Global South, “In ordinary conversation, of course, its
primary denotation is geographical:it signifies,
hemispherically, the lower half of the planet, its
underside…Superficially, it describes those reaches of
the planet tat were formerly colonized, although not
always at the same time; those parts of the world that
Europen imperial metropolis “discovered,” conquered by
means of one or another formof violence, exploitated for
economicand political purposes, and took to be part of
their so-called overseas “possessions”...
 The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World
THE TERM "GLOBAL SOUTH"

Global South - generally comprises “Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the
Middle East. Global South generally matches the Third World, while the Global North
frequently includes the West and the First World, together with much of the Second World. In
the North-South Divide, the “South” has been generally called “Global South” to reduce
confusion with the South emerged in 1969 (United States). The Global South is a term that has
been used in postcolonial and transnational studies to designate.
Global South may also be referred as the Third World (e.g Latin America, Africa, and
developing countries in Asia)
Third World (i.e., Africa, Latin America, and the developing countries in Asia),
"developing countries," "less developed countries,” and “less developed regions." It can
also include poorer "southern" regions of wealthy "northern" countries.
What is Third World?
The modern definition of
“Third World” is used to
classify countries that are
poor or developing.
Countries that are part of
the “third world” are
generally characterized by
(1) high rates of poverty,
(2) economic and/or
political instability, and
(3) high mortality rates.
What is Second World?
The term "Second World"
was initially used to refer to
the Soviet Union and
countries of the
communist bloc. It has
subsequently been revised
to refer to nations that fall
between first and third
world countries in terms of
their development status
and economic indicators.
What is First World?
While highly subjective, “First
World” is a term that consists of
countries that may have the
following characteristics: stable
democracies, high standards of
living, capitalist economies, and
economic stability. The bloc of
democratic-industrialized
countries within the American
sphere of influence, the "First
World," also known as The West.
 The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World

The membership in the North-South

Divide is seen as fluid and flexible in the
sense that as countries become
economically developed, they may
become members of the North,
irrespective of geographical setting;
likewise, countries that do not qualify for
"developed" standing are in effect
considered to be included in the South.
Some scholars nonetheless begin to
challenge this global divide as it is said to
increasingly correspond less and less to
reality.
The North and South Divide in the Contemporary World

The Global South is more than the

extension of “metaphor for
underdeveloped countries.”
In general, it refers to these countries’
“interconnected histories of
colonialism, neo-imperialism, and
differential economic and social
change through which large
inequalities in living standards, life
expectancy, and access to resources
are maintained.
 List of Global South Countries (United Nations)

The United Nations' Finance

Center for South-South
Cooperation maintains arguably
the world's most reputable and
reliable list of Global South
countries. As of early 2022, the
list includes 78 countries in all,
which are referred to as the
"Group of 77 and China."
 Lists of Global South Countries in Latin America
1. Costa Rica
1. Nicaragua
2. Cuba
2. Antigua and Barbuda
3. Dominica
3. Anguilla
4. Dominican Republic
4. Netherlands Antilles
5. Ecuador
5. Argentina 6. Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
6. Aruba 7. Grenada
7. Barbados 8. French Guiana
8. Bermuda 9. Guadeloupe
9. Bolivia 10. South Georgia and
10. Brazil the South Sandwich Islands
11. Bahamas 11. Guatemala
12. Bouvet Island 12. Guyana
13. Belize 13. Honduras
14. Chile 14. Haiti
15. Colombia 15. Jamaica
 List of Global South Countries in Latin America
1. Saint Kitts and Nevis 1. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2. Cayman Islands 2. Venezuela
3. Saint Lucia 3. Virgin Islands, British
4. Martinique 4. Virgin Islands, U.S.
5. Montserrat 5. Saint Barthelemy
6. Mexico 6. Saint Martin
7. Panama
8. Peru
9. Puerto Rico
10. Paraguay
11. Suriname
12. El Salvador
13. Turks and Caicos Islands
14. Trinidad and Tobago
15. Uruguay
LATIN AMERICAN EXPERIENCES AND NEW CONCEPTIONS OF
GLOBAL RELATIONS
Latin America tends to be viewed as an area continually placed at
the receiving end. Countries in Latin America would seem to
merely follow, or submit to, or suffer the effects of trends coming
from elsewhere, principally in the North Atlantic core.
The Latin American nations have occupied a marginal zone in the
global system. It is often said that even the name Latin America
has been enforced by outsiders, specifically the French
imperialists during the late 19th century.
The contemporary process of globalization, instigated by the
progressive capitalist economies affects Latin American countries
intensely, to such a degree that the region is now called
‘“globalizing Latin America”
 Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the Brazilian sociologist, professor, and
politician who served as the 34th President of Brazil (1995-2003),
explains further the case of Latin American nations and their economic
conditions:
These countries don't have similar economies and neither have they adopted
similar political approaches. They were positively affected-as was the rest of
Latin America-by global waves of prosperity, crisis, and recovery. Chile,
Colombia and Peru have adopted, step by step, policies of 'liberalisation'
inspired by 'Western views'. The populations of Bolivia and Ecuador are
significantly comprised of indigenous groups. Historically those
populations were marginalised. So, social and economic integration policies
have been I crucial to creating a more cohesive society. Of course, in the case
of each of these countries, the lack of economic diversity (with Ecuador being
FHC, Politician heavily the long run continues to be an obstacle to socio-economic progress.
Not to dependent on oil prices and Bolivia on gas and before that on
minerals) in mention Venezuela, whose recent, desperate situation is
dramatic. (Cardoso & Campodónico, 2017, para. 14).
 Concerning globalization, Cardoso admits that the contemporary form
of global economic development unquestionably causes unemployment
which breeds unease in certain areas. "This feeling, which is so characteristic
not only in Europe and especially in the United States, has an echo in Latin America
- and it adds to the anti-globalisation movements" (Cardoso & Campodónico,
2017, para. 26). Therefore, the Latin America as included in the "South"
(either as part of the Third World or as negatively impacted by
globalization) is generated by the processes of Western imperialism and
colonialism of the "rest of the world." Latin America branded as "South"
indicates that it has histories of colonial oppression as well as anti- colonial, post-
colonial, and de-colonizing struggles. In these relatively new conceptions of
global relations, the term "South" is a geographical and temporal marker
FHC, Politician
for the regions of the globe, like the Latin America, that continue to live
with the impacts of colonial legacy in culture, subjectivity, and knowledge.
 With Latin America and the like as a context, "South" may symbolize people's
imperialism. The "South" has emerged out of the experience of different forms
of suffering in relation to struggles against capitalism, colonialism,
patriarchy, and oppression. It can be defined as an epistemic place that sits on
the margin, if not totally outside, of the global hegemony of Northern modernity.
The "South" is an innately relational, oppositional, political concept. It depends
purposefully upon the artificial binary division of the world, the North and the
South, which are in and of themselves colonial constructs, so as to expose the
uneven global power relations which preserve the prevailing inequalities both
in material wealth and cultural influence. The "South" is a relational concept in that
both South and North need each other in order for them to mean something.
The South is an intrinsically oppositional term in that it serves to produce an
imagined sense of commonality among those who battle with the economic and
cultural dominations of the powerful nations and globalized corporations of the
North. Ironically though, the terminologies have created substantial political
FHC, Politician
momentum despite the fact that the dividing line between the global "haves" and
"have-nots" does not tidily correspond to the equatorial line.
 Cardoso, nonetheless, sees some hope with his region in the future's
globalized world:
Latin America is a 'peace area,' far away from atomic weapons.
Historically, the region was-as was the United States-a land of
immigrants and thus multicultural (however, basically 'Christian').
Our main problems are domestic: social inequalities, violence, a lack
of respect for the rule of law, etc. Now, with democracy more
vigorous in the region and in some countries more consolidated, our
contribution should lie in the enhancement of what you refer to as
Sustainable Development Goals. Culturally, our diversity and our
ability to share our experiences in reducing racism and promoting
social inclusiveness are key 'weapons' that we can use as elements of
FHC, Politician soft power. In the future, Latin America's leaders will be judged on
their ability, or lack thereof, to fulfill these potentialities (Cardoso,
2017).
 Conclusion
Global North Global South
1. First World Countries 1. Third World Countries
2. More developed region 2. Less developed region
3. 5% has enough food and shelter
3. 95% has enough food and shelter
4. 3/4 of word's populat
4. 1/4 of word's population
5. Has access to one-fifth(%) of world's income
5. Controls four-fifths(%) of world's income
6. Less than 10% of the world's manufacturing
6. Over 90% of the world's manufacturing
industry
industry 7. Lacks appropriate technology
7. Have the most up to date technology 8. No political stable
8. Politically stable 9. 50% of the people has little chance of any
9. Most people are educated education
10. Economies are articulated 10. Economies are disarticulated
11. Higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 11. Low Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
12. High Standard of living 12. Low Standard of living
Thank you