CHAPTER 3: A WORLD OF South Korea

Hong Kong
REGIONS Macau
Singapore
A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the Australia
American Imperium New Zealand
GLOBAL SOUTH
 Observing the dramatic shift in world politics Somalia
since the end of the COLD WAR, Peter J. Haiti
Katzenstein argues that regions have Malaysia
become critical to contemporary world Lebanon
politics. India
 In detailed studies of technology and foreign Philippines
investment, domestic and international
security, and cultural diplomacy and popular NORTH- Developed Countries
culture, Katzenstein examines the changing SOUTH- Poor Developing Countries
regional dynamics of Europe and Asia,
which are linked to the United States
through Germany and Japan. BRANDT LINE (1983)
-It was proposed by Willy Brandt (former
NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE German Chancellor)
Global North-South divide is an imaginary
line that divides the wealthy developed countries BRANDT LINE
According to this model: Richer countries
and the poor developing countries. It is also known
are almost all located in the Northern Hemisphere,
as the “Rich-Poor Divide."
with the exception of Australia and New Zealand.
Poorer countries are mostly located in tropical
HISTORY:
regions and in the Southern Hemisphere.
During Cold War, the Global Divide was made
official with the East and West Power.
GLOBAL SOUTH
WESTPOWER
“Global South” refers broadly to the regions
-United states
of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. It is
-Allied countries
one of a family of terms, including ‘Third World’ and
‘Periphery’, that denote regions outside Europe and
EASTPOWER North America, mostly (though not all) low income
-China and often politically or culturally marginalized.
-Soviet Union
 Latin America can be grouped
THREE WORLD THEORY
geographically as a group of countries in
FIRST WORLD
South America which share the same
-Industrialized
language and culture. These socio-cultural
-Democratic
characteristics are linked with their
-Allied w/ US
common colonizers, Spain and Portugal.
SECOND WORLD
-Former Communist Countries  Why highlight Latin America to describe the
-Not Quite in Poverty but Not Prosperous Either Global South? In 2016, the Morgan Stanley
THIRD WORLD economists articulated that Latin
-Non-Aligned America plays a role in accelerating the
-Under Development global economy.
GLOBAL NORTH
North America HOW THE “THIRD WORLD” BECAME THE
Western Europe GLOBAL SOUTH”: THE ORIGINS OF THE
Canada THIRD WORLD
Japan
  In the 19th century, the world was
divided into empires, each with a
civilized core and less-developed
peripheries.
 Citizens of what is now known as the
"Global North" did not often consider the
inhabitants of the "Third World" or
"Global South." When they did think
about these peoples, they often viewed
them as inferior due to factors like race,
education, or perceived primitiveness.
 The term "Third World" was coined in
1952 by French demographer Alfred
Sauvy, drawing a parallel with the
concept of the "Third Estate" in the
context of the French Revolution.
 The "First World" referred to non-
Communist, high-income, and
developed countries.
 Second World" included communist
countries with better living conditions
(example) than the Third World.
 People in the Third World lived far
from global centers of power, and
were often subjugated, illiterate, and
initially unaware.
 Awareness grew among leaders from
these countries, many of whom were
educated in Europe or America, raising
expectations and inspiring efforts to
improve living conditions and gain
independence.
 Opposition to First World domination,
particularly colonization, increased due
to factors like migration, travel, and
participation in World Wars.
GLOBAL CONCEPTION EMERGED FROM
THE EXPERIENCES OFLATIN AMERICAN
COUNTRIES
Growth rate in some Latin American
countries have surprised many. They have
been Continuously High for some years and
promise to be so in the next period as well.
Latin American’s Contributions are
especially visible and relevant such as
regionalism, security management, and Latin
America’s relations with the outside world.
ASIAN REGIONALISM
A political ideology that favors a specific
region over a greater area. It usually results
due to political separations, religions
geography, cultural boundaries, linguistic
regions, and managerial divisions. Product of
economic interaction between Asian countries.
Countries in Asian Regionalism:
: Myanmar, China, Bangladesh, Philippines
Vietnam
: Nepal, Tajikistan, Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia
: Singapore, South Korea, Brunei, Kazakhstan,
India
: Japan, Laos, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
Maldives
REGIONALISM VS. GLOBALIZATION
1. NATURE Globalization promotes the
integration of economics across state
borders all around the world, but
regionalism is precisely the opposite
because it divides an area into smaller
segments. allows free market but in
regionalized system, monopolies are
likely to develop.
2. MARKET Globalization allows many
companies to trade on an international
level so it.
3. SOCIETAL RELATIONS & CULTURAL
Globalizations accelerate
multiculturalism by free and inexpensive
movement of people but, regionalization
does not support this.
4. AID Globalized international community
is also more willing to come to the aid of
the country stricken by a natural disaster
but, a regionalized system does not get
involved in the affairs of other areas.
5. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Globalization has driven great advances
in technology, but advanced technology
is rarely available in one country or
region.

FACTORS LEADING TO THE GREATER
INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS
 Regional integration is a process in
which neighboring states enter into an
agreement to upgrade cooperation
through common institutions and rules.
 Regional integration has been organized
either - via supranational institutional
structures or through intergovernmental
decision-making, or a combination of
both.
THE ASIA REGION
 Past efforts at regional integration have
often focused on removing barriers to
free trade-in the region, increasing the
free movement of people, labor, goods,
and capital across national borders,
reducing the possibility of regional
armed conflict (for example, through
Confidence and Security Building
Measures). and adopting cohesive
regional stances on policy issues, such
as the environment, climate change and
migration.
 Intra-regional trade refers to trade
which focuses on economic exchange
primarily between countries of the same
region or economic zone.
 ASEAN in Southeast Asia.
CHAPTER 4: THE WORLD OF
IDEAS
GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURE
Global media culture refers to the
transmission of ideas, meanings,
characteristics of a group through media on a
global scale. It explores the relationship between
the media, culture, and globalization.
THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA AND
GLOBALIZATION HAS SEEN SEVERAL
STAGES:
 Oral communication: Language allows
humans to communicate and cooperate.
 Script: Script allowed humans to
communicate over a larger space and much
longer times.
 Printing press: It transformed social
institutions such as schools, churches,
governments, and more. (news paper,
paper works)
 Electronic Media: Radio quickly became a
global medium, reaching distant regions.
Television combined the visual and audio
power of film with the accessibility of radio.
 Digital Media: Many of our earlier media
such as phones and televisions are now
considered digital.
THE PROS AND CONS OF GLOBAL MEDIA
CULTURE
(+)
•It increases understanding and tolerance among
people from different background
•It fosters cross- pollination of ideas and practice.
•It provides wider access to cultural artifacts
• It provides peace and cooperation.
(-)
•It can lead to loss of local traditions and customs
•It can result to homogenization and
commercialization of cultures
•It can create ethical concern such as cultural
appropriation and exploitation
•It can impact the economy and the environment
GLOBAL INTEGRATION
Also known as Globalization
Refers to the process of countries,
businesses, and people around the world becoming
more connected and interdependent.
The Three Factors That Have Affected the
Process of Economic Globalization
•TECHNOLOGY
•TASTE
•POLICY
and
THREE PERSPECTIVES OF GLOBAL
CULTURAL FLOWS
Cultural Differentialism
It views cultural differences as immutable
and emphasize that fact that cultures are
essentially different and are only superficially
affected by global cultures. For example, the idea
of a clash civilization, which Argues the main source
of conflict in the world is the difference between
The Western and the Islamic civilizations.
Cultural Convergence
It suggests that globalization engenders
growing sameness of cultures. However, the
culture of powerful and progressive countries
becomes culture. For example, the spread of
Americanization, which refers to the influence of
America culture on other countries especially in
terms of media, style, genres, language of music or
literature.
Cultural Hybridity
It suggests that globalization spawns an
increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures. The
focuses on the integration of local and global
cultures recognize the diversity and complexity of
cultural identities and expressions in a globalized
world. For example, the emergence of K-pop which
is a genre of popular music that combines elements
from Korean, America, and other cultures.
WHAT IS RELIGION:
A belief in a deity or divine being is referred
to as religion. Additionally, religion emphasizes the
existence of a deity that rules over the entire world.
Individuals hold varying beliefs. Because of this
belief, there are a wide variety of cultures.
GLOBALIZATION AFFECTS RELIGOUS
PRACTICES AND BELIEFS
Technically, globalization during the 14th to
16th century has a different meaning. Globalization
during this period was all about colonization.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION
Flattens Cultural Differences
The act of using culturally significant icons,
symbols, and associations outside of their context,
history, values, and meaning in order to make them
instantly recognizable as having a particular cultural
connotation.
Erodes Local Customs and Beliefs
Facilitated the process of cultural hybridization, in
which local cultures take elements from other
cultures and adapt them to their own, creating
distinctive and dynamic cultural expressions.
Spreads Secular, Capitalist Way of Life
The shift of a society that has a close concomitance
with customs and tradition.
like barter towards to a capitalistic lifestyle.
WHAT IS RELIGION TODAY?
- Our identity is carried away by this symbolic
culture, which also delineates social, ethical and
other boundaries.
- Rituals are used to mark significant events in the
life cycle.
-It offers strong coping strategies for psychological
and societal stress.
ROLE OF RELIGION:
It plays a major role in people's lives, that
becomes one of the significant ways of people to
connect with each other across the globe.
ROLE OF RELIGION OF RELIGION IN
PROMOTING WORLD PEACE
 Religion plays a vital role in the quest for
world peace by imparting moral principles
and values.
 It exists to end greed, hatred and delusions
that have been the root cause of all the
conflicts all over the world.
 The preamble to UNESCO's constitution
emphasizes that peace must be constructed
in the minds of individuals.
 Achieving world peace requires reducing
selfish desires, overcoming racial
arrogance, and relinquishing the pursuit of
worldly power.
 Material wealth alone is insufficient for inner
peace; "mental disarmament" involves
eliminating negative mental qualities like
greed, hatred, and jealousy.
 Religion guides people to practice charity,
loving-kindness, and wisdom, fostering
inner peace and understanding.
 Negative aspects of religion include the
misuse of scripture for ulterior motives,
leading to religious persecutions and
conflicts.
 Religions should collaborate in promoting
peace, emphasizing higher values of life
and tolerance.
 Differences in religious beliefs should not
hinder the shared goal of world peace, and
religions should teach kindness, tolerance,
and understanding.
  The need for religious leaders to work
together in the spirit of love and brotherhood
to achieve a peaceful world.

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ISIL OR ISIS

ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), also known
as ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant).

THE START OF ISIS

founded by Abu Musab al Zarqawi in 2004.

RISE OF ISIS
On June 29, 2014. ISIS caliphate stretching from
Aleppo in Syria to Diyala in Iraq

DECEMBER 9, 2017
The ISIS caliphate had lost 95 percent of its
territory.

MARAWI 2017
ISIS caliphate in Marawi

OCTOBER 23, 2017

The Philippines declared the end of five months of
military operations in a southern city held by pro-
ISIS rebels,

FALL OF ISIS
Formally ending the ISIS caliphate’s claim to any
territory.