GLOBAL DIVIDE: NORTH & SOUTH

GLOBAL DIVIDES
 Proposed by Willy Brandt (the German Chancellor) in 1980.
 Global Disparities, often due to stratification due to differing Economic affluence but can also be
in other aspects of globalization. It also pertains to these among nations in the modern world.

BRANDT LINE
 In the 1980s the Brandt Line was developed to show the world geographically split into respectively
richer and the poor nations.
 The concept of a gap between the Global North and the Global South in terms of development and
wealth.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 Essentially the phenomenon of segregating, grouping and ranking people based on differences in
class, race, Economic status and other categories.

4 COMPETING PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL DIVIDE

1. Modernization Theory
2. Dependency Theory
3. Neo-Liberal Theory
4. World System Theory

MODERNIZATION THEORY
 The belief that industrialization and economic development lead directly to positive social and
political change

DEPENDENCY THEORY
 The idea that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of
wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

NEO-LIBERAL THEORY
 A policy model that encompasses both politics and economics. It favors private enterprise and seeks
to transfer the control of economic factors from the government to the private sector.

WORLD SYSTEM THEORY

 Is a multidisciplinary, macroscale approach to world history and social change, which emphasizes
the world system (and not nation-states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.
GLOBAL NORTH
- May refer to countries that are geographically in the Northern Hemisphere or to countries that are
developed also it tend to be wealthier, less unequal and more democratic and to be developed
countries who exports technologically advanced manufactured products.
- Also, it refers to the world`s wealthy, industrialized countries located primarily in the Northern
hemisphere. North countries don't have many serious economic problems, they have a high income.

8 COUNTRIES OF GLOBAL NORTH

1. JAPAN
2. USA
3. ITALY
4. GERMANY
5. CANADA
6. FRANCE
7. RUSSIA
8. UNITED KINGDOM

GLOBAL SOUTH
- Not solely based on the geographical location.
- Includes the peripheral, less-developed and developing countries.
- (Less developed) Low level of human asset, High vulnerability to environment shocks, History of
colonization
- (Developing) On the process to industrialization, middle- income earner
- Includes countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia like Sri Lanka, Haiti, Philippines and Saudi
Arabia.

CATEGORIES OF WORLD DURING COLD WAR BASED ON ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY

First World
- Aligned with the United States and other Western nations.
- Characterized by their capitalist economic system.
Second World
- Aligned with Eastern nations led by Soviet Union
- -Characterized by their socialist economic system
Third World
- Those that did not belong to capitalism and socialism.
- The antecedent of the global south.

It is outdated to say that the countries in Southeast Asia belong to Third world for the term has ended its
usage after cold war.