Overview of Design of

Steel Structures for

Eurocode 3

Dr. K.K. Wijesundara

Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Engineering
University of Peradeniya
23/05/2018

K. K. Wijesundara 1
 Structural Eurocode Programme

• EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design

• EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

• EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures

• EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures

• EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures

• EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures

• EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures

• EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design

• EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance

• EN 1999 Eurocede 9: Design ofK.Aluminium

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 EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of
Steel Structures
• EN 1993-1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• EN 1993-1-2: Structural fire design

• EN 1993-1-3: Cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting

• EN 1993-1-4: Stainless steels

• EN 1993-1-5: Plated structural elements

• EN 1993-1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures

• EN 1993-1-7: Strength and stability of planar plated structures transversely loaded

• EN 1993-1-8: Design of joints

• EN 1993-1-9: Fatigue strength of steel structures

• EN 1993-1-10: Selection of steel for fracture toughness and through-thickness properties

• EN 1993-1-11: Design of structures with tension components made of steel

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 Design Philosophy

Design Method

Allowable Limit State

Strength Design Design
(ASD) (LSD)

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 Allowable Strength Design

• Elastic design method

Δ
P P

Nominal Strength
Py Factor of Safety
Pd Allowable Strength

Δ
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 Limit State Design

Limit States

Ultimate Limit Serviceability

States Limit States

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 Ultimate Limit State
P
Ultimate Load
Pu Δ

Load Factors P

Service Load

Δ
• Plastic design method-based on failure condition rather than
service condition
• More optimized use of material
• Accounting for post yield strength and ductility
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 Ultimate Limit States Defined in
Eurocode
States prior to structural collapse, which, for simplicity, are considered
in place of the collapse itself, may be treated as ultimate limit states.

Verification is based on the following aspects:

• EQU: Loss of static equilibrium of the structure or any part of it considered
as a rigid body
• STR: Internal failure or excessive deformation of the structure or structural
members, including footings, piles, basement walls, etc., where the strength
of construction materials of the structure governs.
• GEO: Failure or excessive deformation of the ground where the strengths of
soil or rock are significant in providing resistance.
• FAT: Fatigue failure of the structure or structural members

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 Serviceability Limit States Defined
in Eurocode EN 1990
Limit state that concern:
•Functioning of the structure or structural members under normal use ;
•Comfort of people ;
•Appearance of the construction works

Verification is based on the following aspects:

•Deformations that affect the appearance, the comfort of users, or the
functioning of the structure (including the functioning of machines or services),
or that cause damage to finishes or non-structural members.
•Vibrations that cause discomfort to people, or that limit the functional
effectiveness of the structure.
•Damage that is likely to adversely affect the appearance, the durability, or the
functioning of the structure.

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Design Working Life
EN 1990

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 Design Situations

• Persistent Design Situation:

conditions of normal use
• Transient Design Situations:
temporary conditions applicable to the structure, e.g.
during execution or repair
• Accidental Design Situations:
exceptional conditions applicable to the structure or to its
exposure, e.g. to fire, explosion, impact or the consequences
of localized failure
• Seismic design situations
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 Actions (Loads)

• Permanent Actions (G):

E.g. Self-weight of structural and non structural components,
fixed equipment and indirect actions caused by shrinkage
and uneven settlement.
• Variable Actions (Q):
E.g. Imposed loads on building floors, beams and roofs, wind
actions or snow loads.
• Accidental Actions (A):
E.g. explosions, or impact from vehicles of localised failure

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 Characteristic Values of Actions
(Loads)
• If variability of G is low, characteristic value Gk is the
mean value.
• If variability of G is significant, Gk,inf is the 5%
fractile and Gk,sup is the 95% fractile of the Gaussian
statistical distribution for G.

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 Combination of Actions
(Ultimate Limit States)
• Persistent or transient design situations
Ed = å(g G, j Gk, j ) + g p P + g Q,1Qk,1 + å(g Q,iy0,iQk,i )
j³1
Permanent Prestressing Leading Accompanying
Actions Actions Variable Variable
Action Actions

P
Ultimate Load
g G, j = 1.35
Load Factors
g Q,1 = 1.50 Partial Factors
Service Load
g Q,i = 1.50
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 Combination of Actions
(Ultimate Limit States)
• Accidental design situations
Ed = å(Gk, j ) + P + Ad + (y1,1 or y2,1 ) Qk,1 + å(y2,iQk,i )
j³1 i>1
Permanent Pre- Accidental Leading Accompanying
Actions stressing Actions Variable Variable
Actions Action Actions

P
Ultimate Load

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Δ 15
 Combination of Actions
(Ultimate Limit States)
• Seismic design situations
Ed = å(Gk, j ) + P + AEd + å(y2,iQk,i )
j³1 i>1

Permanent Pre- Seismic Accompanying

Actions stressing Actions Variable
Actions Actions
P
Ultimate Load

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Δ 16
 EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of
Steel Structures
• EN 1993-1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
• EN 1993-1-2: Structural fire design

• EN 1993-1-3: Cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting

• EN 1993-1-4: Stainless steels

• EN 1993-1-5: Plated structural elements

• EN 1993-1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures

• EN 1993-1-7: Strength and stability of planar plated structures transversely loaded

• EN 1993-1-8: Design of joints

• EN 1993-1-9: Fatigue strength of steel structures

• EN 1993-1-10: Selection of steel for fracture toughness and through-thickness properties

• EN 1993-1-11: Design of structures with tension components made of steel

K. K. Wijesundara 17
EN 1993-1-1: General Rules and
Rules for Buildings
1. General

2. Basis of design

3. Materials

4. Durability

5. Structural Analysis

6. Ultimate limit states

7. Serviceability limit states

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3. Materials-Structural Steel

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 Design Values of Material
Coefficients

Clause 3.2.6
•Modulus of Elasticity E = 210 GPa

•Shear Modulus G = E/2(1-v) = 81 GPa

•Poisson’s ration in elastic stage v = 0.3

•Coefficient of linear thermal expansion = 12 x 10-6 per 0C

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 5. Structural Analysis
Clause 5.2.1: The internal forces and moments may generally be
determined using either:
1. first-order analysis, using the initial geometry of the
structure
2. second-order analysis, taking into account the influence of
the deformation of the structure

æ H Ed öæ h ö
a cr = ç ÷çç ÷÷
è VEd øè dH ,Ed ø

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 Accounting for Second-Order
Effects due to Vertical Load
• Clause 5.2.2: Calculated by increasing the horizontal loads
HEd (e.g. wind)
P P P P
HEd ΦHE
d

M M M+ PΔ M+ PΔ

æ H Ed öæ h ö f=
1
a cr = ç ÷çç ÷÷ 1
è VEd øè dH ,Ed ø 1-
a cr
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 Accounting for Second-Order
Effects due to Imperfection
Clause 5.3.2:

f = f0aham

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 Accounting for Second-Order
Effects due to Imperfection
Clause 5.3.2:

f = f0aham

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6. Ultimate Limit State:

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 Design of Tension Members
Clause 6.2.3: The design value of the tension force NEd:
N Ed
£ 1.0
N t,Rd
Design tension resistance Nt,Rd should be taken

as the smaller of;

(a) Design plastic resistance of the gross cross-section

Af y
N pl,Rd =
gM0
(b) Design ultimate resistance of the net cross-section
0.9Anet fu
N u,Rd =
gM2
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 Design of Compression Members
Clause 6.2.4: The design value of the compression force NEd:
N Ed
£1.0
N c,Rd
Design tension resistance Nc,Rd should be taken as the smaller of;

(a) Design plastic resistance of the gross cross-section

Afy
N c,Rd = for class 1, 2 or 3
gM0
Aeff fy
N c,Rd = for class 4
gM0
(b) Design buckling resistance N b,Rd
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 Elastic Critical Load
• Elastic critical load Ncr defined as the maximum load supported by
pin-ended column, free from any type of imperfections, is given by
the well known Euler’s formula:

X X X
d2y
N EI 2 + Ny = 0
dx
y

p 2 EI
N cr =
L2
x

Y Y Y

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Buckling Curve

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 Design Buckling Resistance Nb,Rd
Clause 6.3:

c Af y
N b,Rd = (Class 1, 2 or 3)
g M1
c Aeff f y
N b,Rd = (Class 4)
g M1
1
c= -2
but c £ 1.0
f + f2 - l
é -2 ù
(
f = 0.5 ê1+ a l - 0.2 + l ú
ë û
)

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 Design of Beams for Flexure Only
Clause 6.2.5: Uniaxial Bending:
M Ed
£1.0 Wpl f y
M c,Rd M c,Rd = (class 1 or 2)
gM 0
Wel,min f y
Design moment resistance Mc,Rd M c,Rd = (class 3)
gM 0
Weff ,min f y
M c,Rd = (class 3)
gM 0

Clause 6.2.9: Bi-axial bending

a b
é M ù é M ù
ê y,Ed
ú +ê y,Ed
ú £1.0
êë M pl,y,Rd úû êë M pl,y,Rd úû
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 Design of Beams for Shear Only

Cross section resistance

Shear - Clause 6.2.6:

VEd
£ 1.0
Vc,Rd

Design plastic resistance Vpl,Rd

æ f y öæ 1 ö
Vpl,Rd = Av ç ÷ç ÷
è 3 øè g M 0 ø

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 Bending and Shear Interaction

Cross section resistance

Clause 6.2.8:

VEd £ 50% Vpl,Rd No Reduction

VEd > 50% Vpl,Rd Reduced Moment

Reduced design plastic resistance moment, My,V,Rd

é r Aw2 ù
êWpl,y - ú fy
ë 4tw û
M y,V,Rd = where Aw = hw tw
gM0
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Axial and Bending
Interaction

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 Axial and Bending
Interaction Diagrams

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 Axial and Bending Interaction
Cross section resistance

Clause 6.2.9: M Ed
£1.0
M N,Rd
Design plastic resistance moment, MN,Rd for doubly symmetrical
I and H sections

M N,y,Rd = M pl,y,Rd
(1- n) but M N,y,Rd £ M pl,y,Rd
(1- 0.5a)
n=
N Ed
a=
( A - 2bt f )
but a £ 0.5
N pl,Rd A
0.5hw tw f y
N Ed £ 0.25N pl,Rd and N Ed £
g M0
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Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Resistance

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Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Resistance

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Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Resistance

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Stable Length

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7. Serviceability Limit States:

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 Serviceability Limit States for
Buildings
Clause 7.2:

(a) Vertical displacement

(b) Horizontal displacement

(c) Dynamic effects

Limit values should be specified in the National Annex

K. K. Wijesundara 43
Thank you for your attention

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