85 AWhy

substance
What does commonly
couldcopper
A Bonding the found inelectricity
wire conduct
substance
electrons in thebe?
the housewhen
crystal lattice move.
GAS LAWS WS 2
or garden has the
a potential following
difference is properties.
applied?
5 D
Why
•• The
does
It is crystal
copper lattice
combustible.wire breaks
conduct
It is an electrical insulator. down.
electricity when a potential difference is applied?
•A Copper(
B ItBonding
is combustible.
IIelectrons
) ions movein the
to crystal
the cathode. SECTION
lattice move. A
•A A brass
• ItBonding
Itmelts is an over electrical a range insulator.
electrons in of thetemperature.
crystal lattice move.
• B It
Copper( is an electrical
II ) ions insulator.
move to the cathode. 12
61 B
C
Flask
•
The
paper
It
B Copper(
What could the
X melts
atoms
contains over
of
II) substance a
copper
1 dmGAS LAWS WS 2
range
ions move be?
3 become
of
of helium
temperature.
to the cathode.
ionised.
at 2 kPa pressure and flask Y contains 2 dm3 of neon at 1 kPa
•pressure.
D C TheItThe melts atoms
crystal overlatticeofa copper
range
GAS LAWS WS 2
breaks of temperature.
become down.ionised.
C
D
C
What
If the
D The
poly(ethene)
WhatThe
AD brass The
could
could
flasks
silicon(
atoms
crystal
the
crystal are
IV) oxide substance
connected
GasLAWS
GAS
of copper become
the substance
lattice breaks Laws WS
WS 2 3
lattice breaks down. SECTION
be?
be? at
down.
constant
ionised.SECTION A
temperature, A what is the final pressure?
61 B A paper
Flask X contains 1 dm3 of helium at 2 kPa
brass SECTION pressure
Section Aand
3
A flask Y contains 2 dm of neon at 1 kPa
A brass
pressure.
A
61 C Flask
B 1
paper !"XkPa
poly(ethene) contains 1Bdm3 1of!# kPa helium at 2C kPa pressure 1 $" kPa and flask D 2YkPa contains 2 dm3 of neon at 1 kPa
1
916 Use BFlask ofXthe
pressure.
paper containsData Booklet 3
1 dm ofishelium relevant at 2tokPa thispressure question. and flask Y contains 2 dm3 of neon at 1 kPa
IfCthesilicon(
D flasks IV
poly(ethene) are ) connected at constant temperature, what is the final pressure?
oxide
pressure.
CIf thepoly(ethene)
flasks IV are connected
2 In AD an1silicon(
!" experiment
kPa ) oxide Busing 1 !# kPa a at gas constant
syringe, temperature,
C 10.10 $" kPag of a gas
what isisthe
D 2 kPa
final to
found pressure?
occupy 83.1 cm3, measured at
If the
standard
D silicon(flasks are connected
IV) oxide(1.0 × 10 Pa) and 27 °C.
pressure at 5constant temperature, what is the final pressure?
9 UseA of1 !" the kPaData Booklet B 1is!# kPa relevant toCthis1question. $" kPa D 2 kPa
9 What A 1
Use ofisthe ! " kPa B 1 ! # kPa C 1 $ " kPa D 2 kPa
In an experiment theData relative Booklet
using molecular is relevant
a gas syringe, mass to this
of0.10
question.
the g gas?
of a gas is found to occupy 83.1 cm3, measured at
9 2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
5
standard pressure
22 AIn an0.10 experiment × 8.31 × 27 ×a10gasPa)
(1.0
using
and 27 °C.
syringe, 0.10 g of a gas is found to occupy 83.1 cm3, measured at
4
2 In an 1.0
standardexperiment 105 × using
×pressure (1.0 ×a 10
83.1 5
gasPa) and 27
syringe, °C. g of a gas is found to occupy 83.1 cm3, measured at
0.10
7 What standard
is the relative
The Haber pressure
process molecular
(1.0 for× the mass of the gas?
105 manufacture
Pa) and 27 °C.of ammonia is represented by the following equation.
BWhat0.10
0.10 is the ××8.31 8.31××27
relative 300
molecular mass of the gas? 4
A 5
×××10 5 ××
What1.0 is 1.0 the 10
relative 83.1
molecular mass of the gas?4
N (g) + 3H (g) 2NH (g) ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1
0.10 8.31 83.1
× 27
2 2 3
7 The A Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia is represented by the following equation.
0.10
1.0
0.10 ×
0.10
××10 8.31
8.31
5 ××
× ×83.1
8.31 27correct
300 × 27
4 [Turn over
7 BCAThe Haber process
Which statement
555 × 83.1
is about this reaction 9701/1/M/J/02
when the temperature by theisfollowing
increased?
×× 10
for the manufacture of ammonia is represented equation.
1.0
1.0 10
10 ×
× 83.1
83.1 × 10 –6 2(g) ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1
0.10 ×process 8.31 × 300
N2(g) + 3H 2NH3(g)
B Both forward
7 The Haber for the manufacture of ammonia is represented by the following equation.
A 5 ××83.1
and
N2(g)backward + 3H2(g) rates increase.
B
0.10 1.0 × 8.31
10
0.10 ×× 8.31
0.10 8.31 300
××27 300 about
2NH 3(g)
9701/1/M/J/02
∆H = –92 kJ mol–1 [Turn over
C
D Which statement
1.0×× 10555××83.1
is correct
83.1 –63H
this reaction when the temperature is increased?
4 ∆H = –92 kJ mol–1
×
2(g) +
Nrate –6 (g) 2NH3(g)
1.0
1.0statement × 10× ×
10 83.1 × 10 about this reaction
10 when the temperature is increased? [Turn over
2increases.
× 27
B The backward only
0.10 8.31 9701/1/M/J/02
C
Which is correct
the temperature is increased? [Turn over
A Both forward and backward rates increase.
1.0
of 0.10 ×
0.10 10 ×5× 8.31
× 8.31Booklet 83.1 ×
× 300 ×
27 10 –6 9701/1/M/J/02
8 D CWhich
C The
Use statement
the forward
Data
5 × 83.1
is
ratecorrect about
onlyisincreases. relevant
–6 increases.
this reaction
to this question. when
BA The 1.0
Both
1.0 0.10 × 10
forward
× 10 × ×8.31
backward 5
and
83.1× ×300
rate × 10
backward
10only –6
rates increase.4
A
DD Both
There forward
is no effect and backward on the backward rates increase. or forward 4 by rate.
3 B
Which of1.0
The 0.10 × 10
backward
expression 5
× 8.31 ×oBooklet
83.1 × 300
rate × 10
gives is–6
only the increases.
pressure exerted 1.6 x 10– 3 mol of N2 in a container of volume
8 Use DC The the
3
forwardData
5 × 83.1
rate only increases.
relevant
–6 increases.
to this question.4
8 DUse
B dm
3.0 1.0
The
C There
The
of the ×backward
at 10273
forward rate ×only
C?rate 10only
isincreases.
isData
no effect Booklet on the relevant
backward to orthis forward question. rate.
3883 WhichUse
C The
Use of
of
1.6 3
expression
the
the forward
x10 Data
Data −3 rate
o x
gives
Booklet
Booklet
8.31 only
x
the
273 is
is pressure
relevant
increases.
relevant to
to exerted
this
this question.by 1.6 x 10– 3 mol of N2 in a container of volume
question.
D dm There is noC? effect on the backwardPa or forward rate.
3 3.0
AWhich at 273
expression gives
−6 the pressure exerted by 1.6 x 10– 3 mol of N2 in a container of volume
D There 3 of is 3.0 no oxeffect
10 on the backward or forward rate. of– 3chlorine to form 5.287 g of a compound
83 Which
2.920
3.0 dm
Use of
1.63the
g at Data
expression
x10
a
273 Group
−3 Booklet C?givesisthe
xo 8.31
II metal,
x 273relevant
X,
pressure reacts
to this with
exertedquestion. anbyexcess
1.6 x 10 mol of N2 in a container of volume
A with
3.0 dmformula at 273 XCl C? 2 . Pa
8 Use of the Data 3 3 Booklet (is273 relevant
2.920 1.6 g ofx10 x a10
3.0 −−
Group xxx10 8.31 −6
8.31II xmetal,
x273 X,+reacts273to)Pathis with an
question.
Paexcess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a compound
8 B A of
Use 1.6 the x10a3.0Data−3 Booklet
xX? − 6 is
−6 relevant to this question.
with
What
A2.920formula isg of metal XCl
−Group
x28.31
3 3.0 x
. IIx10
10 273
metal, X, reacts Pa with an excess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a compound
1.6 x 10 xx 108.31 − 6 x (273 + 273)
B with formula
2.920 g of a Group 3.0 XCl 2 . Pa
II metal, X, reacts with an excess of chlorine to form 5.287 g of a compound
A barium
What
with
is metal
1.6
B formula x 1010XCl
33
−−X?
3.0xx8.31 x 10xx−(6273
8.31 273 + 273) Pa Pa
C 2.
−3 6
What1.6 is metal
x 103.0 X?xx8.31 3x 273 + 273)
(
−
B calcium
A barium − 3 3.0 10x −10 Pa
1.6 x 10 x 8.31 x 273
C What is metal X?
3
3.0 x−310 − 6 Pa
A barium
1.6 xx 10 −
3.0− x3xx10 8.31 (273 + 273)Pa
B
C
DC calcium
magnesium
1.6 10 8.31xx273 Pa
A barium −3 −3
1.6 x 10 3.0−3 x x 8.31
10 x 273 −3
CB calcium 3.0 x 10 ( ) Pa
D D magnesium
1.6
strontium x 10 x 8.31 −3
x 273 273 + Pa
B calcium3.0− 3x 10
DC magnesium
1.6
D strontium− 3 x 10 3.0
x 8.31x 10 x−(3273 + 273) Pa
(−273 3 )
C magnesium
1.6 x 10 x
3.0 8.31 x 10 x + 273
4994 WhichDD strontium
Which mass of these of3.0 gas compounds,
x 10would −3 occupy ona complete Pa
volume of 3combustion dm3 at 25 °Cofand one mole, will release
1 atmosphere pressure? the greatest
994 WhichD
amount
[1 strontium
mol of
of of gas energy?
these occupies compounds, 24 dm 3
at
on 25 °C
complete and 1 3
atmosphere
combustion ofpressure.]
one mole, will release the greatest
Which mass of gas would occupy a volume of 3 dm at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure?
3
994 amount
[1 mol ofmass
Which of
of gas energy?
theseoccupies compounds,24 dm at on25a°C and 1of
complete dm3 at 25pressure.]
atmosphere
3combustion °Cofand one mole, will release
1 atmosphere pressure?the greatest
AWhich CH
3.2 g
3 CH O 2
of gas
2CHgas 2OH
would occupy volume 9701/1/O/N/03
994 A amount of energy? 3 3
[1 mol
Which
Which of
of gasthese occupies compounds, 24 dm at on25 °C and
complete 1 atmosphere
combustion pressure.]
of one mole,
of 3 dm at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure? will release the greatest
3.2mass
CH gCH
3 O22CH of gas
gas 2OH
would occupy a volume
3
9701/1/O/N/03
amount
[1 mol
B 5.6 of
ofggas energy?
N2 occupies
gas 24 dm at 25 °C and9701/1/O/N/03 1 atmosphere pressure.]
A CH 3.2 3gCH
CH CH
O 2CH
CH
gas 3OH
B CH 5.6 3g3CH N2222gasCH32
A CH gCH SOCH 9701/1/O/N/03
8.0
3.2 2 gas 2OH
CB 8.0 5.63g33gCH
CH
CH CHON22222gas
CHCO
gas 3
2H
C
C CH3CH2CO g SO 2 gas 2H
B
D 5.6
C 11.08.03g33gCH
CH
11.0
CH
CH gN
COCH
CH SO 2gas
2CO CH
2 gas
2 33gas PAGE 266
2CO 2H 5
D CH3COCH g CO2 3gas
C CH
C 8.0
11.03COCH g
3 CH SO 2 2 gas
CO
g CO2 3gas 2 H
D CH
575 Flask X contains 5 dm3 of helium at 12 kPa pressure and flask Y contains 10 dm3 of neon at 6 kPa
10 At D 11.0
CH
high 3temperatures,
pressure. g
COCH CO2 3gas steam decomposes into its elements according to the following equation.
10 At high temperatures, steam decomposes into its elements according to the following equation.
10 IfAtthe highflasks temperatures,
are connected steam decomposes
at constant temperature, into itswhat elementsis the according to the following equation.
final pressure?
2H2H 2O(g)
2O(g) 2H 2H 2(g) + O2(g)
2(g) + O2(g)
10 At high temperatures, steam decomposes into its elements according to the following equation.
A 8 kPa B 9 kPa 2H2O(g) C 10 kPa 2H2(g) + O2D (g) 11 kPa
InIn one
one experiment experimentatat1 1 atm atmpressure,pressure, it was
it was found found thatthat20 %20of%theof steam
the steam had been
had been converted
converted into into
hydrogen
hydrogen and
and oxygen. oxygen. 2H 2 O(g) 4 2H 2(g) + O 2(g)
In one experiment at 1 atm pressure, it was found that 20 % of the steam had been converted into
86 In
8 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
A 2one
g sample
hydrogen experimentand of hydrogen
oxygen. at 1 atm at pressure,
temperature T and
it was of volume
2found that 20 V exerts
% of the a pressure
steam had p. been converted into
Gas Laws What
What 3 are
Deuterium,
hydrogen
are the
and2the
H, is
valuesofof
values
oxygen. an isotope
1 change of formation, ∆Hf, of hydrated
the theequilibrium
of
equilibrium
hydrogen.
partial partial
2
pressures,
pressures, in atm,
in atm, of theof the components
components of thisof this
The
Whatenthalpy
equilibrium?
equilibrium? are the values of the equilibrium partial pressures, calcium ionsinisatm, the enthalpy change of theof this
of the components
following reaction. Section A
Which
equilibrium?
What of the
are the followingvalueswould of the also exert a pressure
equilibrium partialpApressures,
Section at the same in temperature
atm, of the T ? components of this
equilibrium?
For each question partial there
partial pressure pressureare four partial
possible partial
Ca(s) pressure
answers,
+ aq pressure – B,
A, partial
– 2e → Ca partial C, 2+and pressure
D. Choose
(aq) pressure the one you consider to
 A 8 kPa B 9 kPa C 10 kPa D 11 kPa
If the flasks are connected at constant temperature, what is the final pressure?
C 104kPa
4
A 8 kPa B 9 kPa D 11 kPa
4
A 8ofkPa B is 9 kPa Cquestion. 10 kPa D 11 kPa
8866 A
88 Use the Data Booklet relevant to this
A 22 gg samplesample of of hydrogen
Booklet is at
hydrogen at temperature
relevant to this T
temperature T and of volume V exerts
exerts aa pressure pressure p.
Use of the Data question.
and 13 of volume V p.
42
2
Deuterium, 22H, is an isotope of hydrogen.
6
8 Use
8 The ADeuterium,
of the Data
2 genthalpy
sample11 of H, is
Booklet
hydrogen an isotope
is relevant of
at temperaturehydrogen.to this question.
T hydrated
and 2 2of volume V exerts isa the
pressure p. change
change of 2
The
8 Deuterium, enthalpy 2 H, is
change ofisformation,
formation, ∆Hfff,, of
to∆H thisof hydrated calcium
calcium ions
ions is the enthalpy
enthalpy change of of the
the
8
6 The 6
Use
A 2 g
following
of the Data
sample of an
Booklet
hydrogen isotope
1 change of formation, ∆Hf, of hydrated
reaction. of
relevant
at hydrogen.
temperature
question.
T
Section
Sectionand 2 of A
Avolume V exerts a pressure p.
Which
Which of
following
of the
reaction.
the2 H, following
following would
would also also exert
exert aa Section pressure
pressure p at the same temperature T ?
ApA Aat the same temperature T ?
enthalpy 2 calcium ions is the enthalpy change of the
Deuterium,
following reaction.1 change is an isotope of hydrogen. Section
Section 2
For Which
The
For each
each
enthalpy
questionof the following
question there
there are arewould
of formation,
four
four possiblealso
possible Ca(s) exert
∆H
++aaq
f ,
answers,
answers,
ofpressure
hydrated
–– 2e 2eA,
––
–
A,→ pCa
B,
B, at
C,C,the
calcium
2+
2+
2+ and
(aq)
and same
D. ionstemperature
D. Choose
is the enthalpy
Choose the the oneoneT ?youchange of the
you consider
consider to to
A
A
following 22 g g of
of deuterium
deuterium
reaction. of
of volume
volume V
Ca(s)
V
aq Section
Section → AA Ca (aq)
beFor
be
For Which
correct.
each
correct.
each of
question
question the
For each question there are four possible following
there
there are
arewould four
four also
possible
possible exert
Ca(s) answers, a
answers,pressure
answers, – 2eA,→B,Ca – A,
A, p at
B,
B,
AC, and2+the
C, same
and D.temperature
Choose
(aq) D. Choose the one you consider to to
C, and D. Choose the
the T ?
one
one you
you consider
consider to
V
+ aq Section
AB 244 g
gg of of deuterium of volume V_V
_ not
of deuterium of volume
be correct.
B following deuterium ofchanges
volume
be be The
correct.
The
Forcorrect.
each following
question enthalpy
enthalpy
thereare arechanges fourpossible are
are
possible not quoted
quoted in
in→ the
the Data
Data Booklet.
Booklet.
each question there four
22
Ca(s) +answers,
answers, aq – 2eA, – A,
B,Ca B,
C, 2+ C,
and
(aq) and
D. Choose D. Choose the theoneone you you consider
consider to to
A following
2question
g of deuterium ofchanges
volume V
_
be B
correct.
The
C
Forcorrect. 4aagmixture of deuterium enthalpy
of ofhydrogen
volume Ca(s) are not quoted in the Data Booklet.
of 11 ggtetraethyl-lead(IV),
of and 22→ ggPb(C of deuterium of
∆Htotal volume V
each there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
C petrol mixture ofchanges
hydrogenare 2V and of deuterium of total volume V
–1
11 The additive Ca(g) 222H ) , is now aaa banned
=
= 177 kJin
kJ mol many
–1 countries.
countries. WhenWhen itit is
_
The petrol additive tetraethyl-lead(IV), Ca(s) → Pb(C Ca(g) H5in 5)444, is now
5 ∆H banned
177 in
mol many is
B
be correct.
The 4ofgthe
following of deuterium enthalpy of volume not quoted the Data Booklet.
C aof mixture of Booklet
1g of hydrogen and to2 Ca g of deuterium of
∆Htotal volume V
(g) ++2Ca(s)
111 The completely
Use burned
Data in air, lead(II)
is relevant oxide, to thisCO and
question. H, 22is
O are formed.
D
D aa mixture mixture of of 22 gg of hydrogen and →11→ gg of deuterium of total
hyd =volume 2many
V
completely burned intetraethyl-lead(IV),
air, lead(II) oxide, CO and –1
Usepetrol the Data
additive Booklet is2+ relevant this
Pb(C 2+2+22 2H5)4H
question. O now are formed.
banned kJ in –1countries. When it is
of Ca hydrogen and of deuterium of total volume 2–1 V
2+
2+(g) 2+
Ca(g)2 ∆H = =177 mol
Ca aq
aq → Ca (aq)
(aq) ahyd
hyd –1565
–1565 kJ
kJ mol–1
mol
C petrol
1 completely
Use a mixture
of the burned Data ofBooklet
1 in gtetraethyl-lead(IV),
of
air,hydrogen
lead(II)
is2+relevant andto2Ca
oxide, gCO
this of deuterium
and
2H5)H
2question. 4, 2Ois are of total
formed. volume V
D a mixture ofthe 2of
ofginproton
of Cahydrogen and→ 1 an g to of deuterium of
∆Htotal volume 552))44V
The additive Pb(C now a banned in many –1 countries. When it is
44 one
(g) Ca(s) → Ca(g)
2+ ==177 kJH mol
How
What
How
What
1 completely
Use
many
many
of
could
couldthe
moles
be
moles
be
burned
Data theBooklet
oxygen
oxygen
proton
air, are+required
are
number
number
lead(II)
is relevant
aq
required
oxide, of
of
to an
thisCO
(aq)
burn
toelement
burn
element
and
question. one
H that
that
O
mole∆H
mole
are has
hashyd of
of three
formed.
–1565
Pb(C
Pb(C
three 22 H kJ
unpaired
unpaired mol
?? electrons
electrons in in each
each of of its
its
D a mixture of 2 g of hydrogen and 1 g of deuterium of total volume 2 V
What
What is
is the
the enthalpy
enthalpy change
change 2+ of of formation
formation of
of2+2hydrated
hydrated 2 calcium
calcium ions?
ions? –1
9977 A
atoms?
The following energy
Ca
cycle
(g) +
represents
aq → Ca (aq) 4 ∆H = –1565 kJ mol
formationthe enthalpy changes Din in the formation of carbon dioxide
atoms?
How many moles of oxygen are required to burn one mole hyd
of Pb(C H ) ?
The following ofenergy cycle represents the enthalpy changes the formationp. p.of carbon dioxide
What could be the proton number of an element that has three unpaired electrons in each of its
8 A 22 g9.5 sample of hydrogen 11at temperature T and of volume V exerts 27aa pressure
2 5 4
8 How A
What
A g
9.5 sample
is the enthalpy hydrogen Bchange
B 11 atare
oftemperature C
CofT hydrated
and 13.5
13.5 ofone volume
calcium Vofexerts
D
ions? 27
H5pressure
from its constituent ofelements in their standard 4 states.
–1
–1
from its 2
constituent elements in their standard states.
atoms? –1
7897 A Deuterium, 11H, is an isotope of hydrogen.
many moles oxygen required to burn mole Pb(C2unpaired )4?
The 5following ofenergy cycle at represents the enthalpy changes inD the formationp.of carbon dioxide
AWhat –1388 could kJ 2bemol the proton number of an element that has three electrons in each of its
Deuterium, H, is anBchangeisotope of formation
hydrogen.
A –1388 kJ mol
AA
What
A 2 g9.55sample
is the enthalpy hydrogen B
B 11 13
13 temperature
of TC
Cof Candhydrated
13.5 15
15 3of volume calcium V exerts
ions?
D D 27a2121pressure
from its constituent anelements in hydrogen.
their standard states.
atoms? –1
97 A
8 BThe
A 5following
Deuterium,
–1388
2 g–798 sample kJ21mol
kJ H,
kJ mol
ofenergy
is
–1
–1
–1
hydrogen cycle
isotope at represents
of
temperature the
CT enthalpy
and 3of volume changes V exerts in the formationp.of carbon dioxide
a pressure
AWhat
B
What
Which
9.5
–798 substances
substances
of the
mol
kJ2 following –1are present
are
BB
present
would
11
13 at
also level
attheirlevel
exert Y aain
Ybroken?
Cthis
inpressure
this
13.5 diagram?
15
diagram? pp at the same
DD 2721
temperature T
2
5 Which Afrom
Which
Deuterium,
In –1388
which its of
ion constituent
the
has
process following
H, –1
molmore is an B
–1 are elements
would
isotope
electrons
hydrogen in
also
13 of hydrogen. C 15
than bondsexertstandard
protons pressure
and states.
3more at the
protons same than temperature
neutrons? T ??
BA
What
5 kJ
–798
substances 1
mol –1
–1
are present at level Y in this diagram?
D 21
Which of process
the following would also exert a pressure p atprotons the same temperature
neutrons? T ?
2 CC
Use –238
–238
of the kJ
kJ mol
mol
Data Booklet
–1 are is relevant to this question.
2
5 Which In which ion has more electrons
hydrogen than bonds protons broken? and more than
BA
A which
What
Which
2
–798 g(l)
22substances
2g of
of
of
kJ
the
deuterium
mol
deuterium
Hfollowing–1 of
areelectrons
of volume
present
volume
would at
also
V
V level
exert 1Y
ain; pressure
this diagram? p at the same temperature
neutrons? T ?
A H → (g) 11 222 16
16 O]
2 C –238 2 kJ mol 22
–1 Y (Rn), francium (Fr)
–1
–1
level
2
5 Use
Which
D
In
D +352 of
+352 the
ion kJ Data
has
process
kJ molmol 2more–1Booklet
are hydrogen is relevantthan [H
bonds = to
protons
11 Hthis
broken? D =
question.
and 11 H
more ; O =
protons 8 than
A V
1 1 8
The
B +352 2
elementsg
4––g 333of of deuterium radon of volume V_ and radium (Ra) 16 have consecutive proton numbers in the
kJdeuterium NH333Y(g) of volume
C –238 kJ mol 1 2
2 A Use H of 2 (l)the → H
Data 2 (g)
–1 Booklet is relevant to this question.
level
[H = 1 H ; D = 1 H ; O = 8 O]
2
B
D NH (l) → mol
AA D
Periodic
The 2–2g(l)of
elements →deuterium
Table. H2radon of volume
B(Rn), H333O ++
+
francium V
_2[H =(Fr) 1 Cand OD 2 –
radium ––
; O(Ra) = 168 O] have OH––
D consecutive proton numbers in the
B
A H (g)
D 4
C following
+352 g
a– mixture of kJ deuterium
level
mol of
–1
1 Y g of
of volume
hydrogen and 2
H
g
;
of
D =
deuterium
H
of total volume –V sulfuric
2
B NH (l) → NH (g) 1 1
V
3 3
_
9 A Periodic
The
The
C elements
2HI(g) Table. → equilibrium
Hradon (g) +(Rn),
I (g)is set + up
francium in a(Fr)mixture and of
radium –concentrated(Ra) have nitric and
consecutive acids.numbers in the
proton
B DNH 4–is g 3of deuterium of 2volume
22
2 Btheir 22H3O C OD D OH
C aa mixture of 12 ggB of Ihydrogen set up2and in a21 gg C of deuterium of
of total volume V
BWhat the
(l) → order NH of
(g) first+ ionisation energies?
D aismixture of of hydrogen and of
of4 deuterium total
totalDvolume 2
2V
Periodic Table. 3
D D
– –
9 C The
A following
2HI(g) mixture of
→equilibrium
H 2(g)2of g++their
of4H(g)
2hydrogen
is3O
(g)
H and 1mixture
g energies? deuterium
OD of concentrated
+of
++ volume
nitric
–– OH and V
sulfuric acids.
39 What DC
What CH a is mixture
4 (g) →
4theelectronic
4the order of
C(g) 1 g of hydrogen first
configuration HNO and
ionisation
33 +ofH2 2
2
anSOg of 44 deuterium
element H222NO with 33 of
a total
+ second
HSO volume
44 ionisation V energy higher than
D a is mixture → of H22(g) g +of + Ihydrogen and 1 g of deuterium +of total volume 2 Vsulfuric acids.
The
C following
2HI(g) equilibrium is set up 3 in a 2
mixture of 3
concentrated nitric and
2(g) –
DWhat
that CH
of each the
(g) least
→order
of C(g)
its of
neighbours their
4H(g) first
HNO in ionisation
the + Periodic
H SO energies?most
Table? H NO + HSO
D CH
4
aisrow mixture of 2 gdescribes
+ofconfiguration
hydrogen the and of 1ang element of deuterium +of total volume 2 V energy
3 What thecorrectly
electronic configuration 3 2 4 2 with 3 a second 4 ionisation higher than
Which behaviour of each substance –in the equilibrium mixture?
9 8 DThe
that of following
each endothermic
(g)
4the →
least
of energy
itsC(g) neighbours cycle
4H(g) represents
HNOin the 3 +Periodic
H2an SO the 4 enthalpy
endothermic
most
Table? H2NO 3changes HSO4in
+ second the formation of carbon dioxide
86 A
3 What
Which
from
Which
is
its
1s row 22
2of
2s 22
the electronic
66
3s 2 0describes
22p 6following
constituent
correctly
22
elements
least resembles
inthe their
of
standard
behaviour
element
an ideal of states.
each
with
gas? a ionisation
substance in the equilibrium mixture?
energy higher than
698 A The following energy cycle SOrepresents the ++ enthalpy changes in the formation of carbon dioxide
that of each endothermic least
of its neighbours in the Periodic endothermic
+ most
Table? –
––
01elements
A1s
Which 2of the 2
HNO 6Fr 2
following Hleast Ra
resembles H222NO an ofRn HSO
energy 3 ideal gas?
from its2222s constituent in their standard states.
Which 2row
2s correctly
22p 63s 33 1describes 22 44 the behaviour 33 each substance
44 in the equilibrium mixture?
9 The
energy following energy cycle represents the enthalpy changes in the formation of carbon dioxide
22
endothermic 66 3 22 1 2 4 endothermic 4
8 B 1s 2p 3s 23p
A
B ammonia
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
What 1ssubstances 3 2 are present
012elements attheirlevel 2Y∆H inf 3thisRa diagram?
6 A A
Which of 2
the 6
Frfollowing2 least Ra
resembles an + ideal Rn gas? –
from its2 2s constituent
2 2p6Fr in Hstandard states.
HNO 3s H2SO4Rn NO HSO4
BAenergy
AB1s
ammonia 22s
22 acid
22p
22 66 3s 2223p 22 acid Ra base f + Rn base
Y HSO4–
6Fr
What substances 2 are 1 presentRn at level in this diagram?
C A 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
B
C
B
A energy
AB
C1s
helium
1s
1s
ammonia 2 2s
2 2s2acid
HNO
2 2p
2pRa 6
Fr 3s3
6 3s2 3p2
3p H 2 SO
acid Fr
4 H 2
∆H
basef
NO 3
Ra
Rn base
CB
DWhat
B helium
B 1s substances
22s
22
2s 22acid
22p
2p 66 3s
6Fr
3s 2223p
3p are 3 present
33 base at levelbase Y∆H inf thisRa diagram? acid
2 Y2
Rn
D
C
C
A
C 1s
hydrogen
1s 2 2s 2p
acid
2 Ra level
6 3s 3p acid Fr base Rn base
BB D1s helium 2 2s2base 2p6 3s2 3p3 base
acid base acid
C 2s 2pRn acid Ra acid Fr base
level Y
D 3s 3p
C
DA B C(g)
C hydrogen
trichloromethane
2 +acid 2O(g)
Ra base Fr base Rn acid
D D 1s 2s2base
trichloromethane 2pRn 6
3s23p3 Ra Fr base
level Y
D
CC D hydrogen acid acid
A C(g) +
+ 2O(g)
base acid base acid
4 Which DBC C(g) compound
D trichloromethane O2(g)has a boiling
Rn acid Rapoint which acid is influenced Fr base by hydrogen bonding?
94399 Which
base
A D
Which C(g) gas +
base 2O(g)
closely 2 approaches acid ideal base
behaviour acid temperature and pressure?
at room
B C(g) + O Oshows (g)has apart
D trichloromethane
compound boiling point which is influenced by hydrogen bonding?
739 The A
AC D CH
CHC(s)
diagram 33 CHO
CHO +
base 2(g)
22 has
acid of the lattice
base structures acid of solids X andand Y. pressure?
[In X, represent
B
3
C(g) + O (g)
Which
410 Which
Which gas
compound
molecule closely approaches
or elements.] boiling ideal
structure does not contain three by
a point behaviour
which is at
influenced room temperature
atomshydrogen bonded bonding? at an angle between
739 A C
A
particles
A
D
CHammonia
C(s)
ammonia
CO
CHO of + closely
O
different 2 (g) approaches
22(g)
The diagram shows part of the lattice structures of solids X andand Y. pressure?
[In X, represent
32
Which 3gas ideal behaviour at room temperature
10 B
7
109°
AC
Which CH and
C(s)
ammonia
CH
particles
The diagram
33OCH
3
3CHO
110°?
molecule
of + O
33
different (g)
shows or elements.]
structure
part of doeslattice
the not contain structures three of atoms Xbonded
solids and Y. at[InanX,angle between represent
D CO 2
2(g) or0
B CH carbon dioxide
10 B 0
109°
Which
CA HCO
particles and
ammonia OCH 110°?
3molecule
ofH 3
different structure does not contain three atoms bonded at an angle between
elements.]
A ethanoic 22 acid
D CH CO 2(g)
A ethanoic 2 acid
B carbon 3OCH dioxide
C
109°
Aenergy
C and
helium
HCO
ethanoic 2
110°?
H
3
acid 0
DB HCO carbon 2CH
22 dioxide
33
acid 0
B graphite
∆Hfff
B graphite 3
energy
C
A HCO
helium
ethanoic 2 H
D D oxygen
HCO 2CH3
∆Hf
B graphite
C
D
C
Cenergy helium
propane
propane
10 B HCO oxygen 2CH3
10 ∆H
graphite
10 C
5 Which
DD propane gas
oxygen oxide
silicon(IV) is likely to deviate most from f
ideal gas behaviour?
105 Which
D silicon(IV)
C propane gas is likely toBdeviate
oxide
most from ideal gas behaviour? D N
10 5 Which
A
D
AA silicon(IV)
C(g)
HCl
HCl gas+is 2O(g)
oxide
likely toBdeviate
He
He most from ideal C
C CH CH 4
gas44 behaviour? D N22
2

©© AA
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AA HClC(g) + 2O(g) B He C CH D N
B C(g) + O (g)
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C C(s) S(s)
C(s) + O
+ O2+ (g)
+(g) X ∆H oofof = –1
Y
66© UCLESGiven S(s)
22
O222(g) (g) → SO222(g), (g),X = –297
–297 kJ kJ mol mol –1 Y
Given O → SO ∆H –1
B C(g) S(s) + O+ 2 (g)
9701/12/O/N/10 f [Turn over
C C(s) + O 2(g) 1212112(g) ooo –1
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D CO (g) X Y
and O222(g)
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–1
D CO222(g) 2 12
6 Given and S(s)
S(s) ++ O1 O → →SO SO (g), 33(g) ∆H
∆H of = = –395
–297 kJ mol
mol
2 3 fff
CEDAR
CEDAR 6 and CCOLLEGE
COLLEGE
What
Given C(s) are S(s) + Otypes
the
S(s) +(g)
2
types O22O of
(g) bonding
→ SOSO 2(g), X present in∆H X and
∆H oof = –395
and Y? kJ mol –1
–297 –1
Y GAS LAWS
GAS LAWS WS WS 2 2
D CO
What
what is
are
2
the (g)enthalpy
the + 1 of2(g)bonding→
1 change of reaction, ∆H o
3 (g)
present in X o
o ,
f
o of
Y?
2SO (g) + O –1 (g) → 2SO (g)?
what is the enthalpy change of reaction, , of 2SO (g) + O (g) 2SO (g)?
D
∆H →
CO are(g) 2 2 3
CEDARWhat COLLEGE
and
2
S(s)types
the + 12 Oof2(g) bonding → SO3present (g) in ∆H X and f = –395 Y? 22 kJ mol 22 33
GAS LAWS WS 2
o, of 2SO (g)–1+ O (g) → 2SO (g)?–1
CEDARA ACOLLEGE
what
What –196is are the kJ enthalpy
the mol typesX
X –1
–1
–1
change
of
B bonding
–98 of
kJ reaction,
present
mol –1
–1Y
–1 Y ∆H
in
C X and
+98 Y?
kJ mol 2 –1
–1 2
D +196 kJ 3 mol –1GAS LAWS WS 2
–1
what–196 is the kJenthalpy
mol Bchange –98 of kJ reaction,
mol C o+98
∆H , of 2SO kJ mol D +196 kJ mol
2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)?
AA A –196 kJ mol X–1
covalentB –98 kJ mol
–1Y
metallic 9701/1/O/N/02
C 9701/1/O/N/02
+98 kJ mol –1
D +196 kJ mol –1
covalent metallic 9701/1/O/N/02
A –196 kJ molX B –98 kJ mol Y C +98 kJ mol –1 –1 –1
D +196 kJ mol –1
A covalent metallic 9701/1/O/N/02
BB ionic
ionic covalent
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A covalent metallic 9701/1/O/N/02
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ionic metallic 9701/01/O/N/05
9701/11/M/J/10 Gas Laws 3
D metallic ionic
© UCLES
D2010 metallic ionic 9701/11/M/J/10
 PAGE 267 3
PAGE5267
5 Which quantity would best indicate the relative 5 strengths of the hydrogen bonds between the
11
10
5 The value
Which ofinpV
quantity
molecules iswould
liquidplotted against
best
hydrogen p for two
indicate
halides? the gases,
relative
3 anstrengths
ideal gas of
and a non-ideal
the hydrogengas, where
bonds p is thethe
between
11
10 pressure
The valueand
molecules of pV
in is the
V is
liquidplotted against
volume
hydrogen of thep for
halides? PAGE 26714 an ideal gas and a non-ideal gas, where p is the
two 5gases,
gas.
5 pressure
A bond
Which and V is
dissociation
quantity the volume
would of the the
energies
best indicate gas.relative strengths of the hydrogen bonds between the
11 A
1110 The value ofinpV is plotted
bond dissociation
molecules liquid against
energies
hydrogen p for two gases, an ideal gas and a non-ideal gas, where p is the
halides?
B enthalpy changes of solution
pressure
B and Vchanges
enthalpy is the volume of the gas.
of solution
A bond dissociation energies
C enthalpy changes of formation
C enthalpychanges
changesofofsolution
formation
ideal gas
B enthalpy
pV ofofformation
D enthalpy changes of vaporisation
ideal gas
pV
D enthalpychanges
C enthalpy changes vaporisation
ideal gas
pV
D enthalpy changes of vaporisation
6 A substance commonly found in the non-ideal
house or gas garden has the following properties.
6 A substance commonly found in the non-ideal gas
house or garden has the following properties.
• It is
6 A substance commonly found in the combustible. non-ideal
house or gas garden has the following properties.
• It is combustible.
•• ItIt isiscombustible.
an electrical insulator.
• It is an electrical insulator.
• ItIt ismelts 0 a range
over of temperature. p
00 a range of temperature.
an electrical insulator.
p
• It melts over
• It melts 0 0a range
over be?of temperature. p
What could the substance 0
Which
What could of thethe following
substance gasesbe? shows the greatest deviation from ideality?
Which
A Whatbrass of thethe
could following
substance gases be?shows the greatest deviation from ideality?
3
Which of the following gases shows the greatest deviation from ideality?
AA ammonia
A brass
brass
3
4 A ammonia
B paper 3
A
Methylammonia isocyanate, CH3NCO, is a toxic liquid which is used in the manufacture of some
44 B ethene
B paper
B
Methylpaper isocyanate, CH CHNCO, 3NCO, is a toxic liquid which is used in the manufacture of some
B
pesticides.
C
B ethene
poly(ethene)
Methyl
ethene
isocyanate, 3 is a toxic liquid which is used in the manufacture of some
CC methane
pesticides.
poly(ethene)
pesticides.
C poly(ethene)
C
D In themethane
C methane
silicon(IV)
methyl isocyanate oxide molecule, the sequence of atoms is H3C — N C O.
DDIn
D nitrogen
silicon(IV)
the methyl
silicon(IV)
In the methyl isocyanate oxide
isocyanate
oxide molecule,
molecule, thethe sequence
sequence of atoms
of atoms is H3is C— H3N C —CN O. C O.
D D nitrogen
Whatnitrogen
is the approximate angle between the bonds formed by the N atom?
12
7 Which What
What is isofthe
the approximate
theapproximate
following would angle
angle between
between
behave the
mostthe
bondsbonds
like formed formed
an ideal bygas thebyatNthe N atom?
atom?
room temperature?
12
1212
11
7 7 The
Which
Which A
‘flash’
of
of the
the produced
following
following by
would
would nineteenth
behaveB
behave mostcentury
mostlike an
like photographers
ideal
an gas
ideal at
gasC roomatto taketemperature?
temperature?
room D
indoor photographs was
1111 obtained
The
A A
The carbon
‘flash’
‘flash’ from produced
produced
the following
dioxide bybynineteenth B B century
nineteenth
reaction. century photographers
photographersC C to take to takeindoorindoor D
photographs Dwas was
photographs
obtained
obtained from the
thefollowing
followingreaction.
N carbon C from O reaction.
N C O N C O
AA carbon dioxide
dioxide
BN N helium C
C OO N3MgN C+CKClO O O → 3MgO N NC+ KCl O O
3 C H 3C N C O
3Mg + KClO 3 → 3MgO + KCl H3C HN C CN O C O
B helium
HC
B helium
C H C3Mg + KClO 3 → H 3MgO
C + KCl
H3C C hydrogen H C 3 H C
3 H C
3 3
3C standard
HThe hydrogen enthalpy changes
3The standard
C hydrogenenthalpy changes 3H3C of of formation
formation are are
given given 3 below.
below.
The standard enthalpy changes of formation 3 are given below.
D D 104°
104°
nitrogen
nitrogen 109°
109° 120°120° 180° 180°
D 104° nitrogen 109° _ 120° 180°
_ o
5 Two conversions are outlined below.
∆H f∆Ho
/ kJ
f_ /mol
kJ–1 mol–1
o –1
13
813 ∆Hpaints.
f / It kJ mol
13
+
585 Red lead oxide, Pb 3O , is used in in metal priming Itascan beanmade by heating
PbO inPbOair. in air.
13
Red
At leadtemperature
At room oxide,
temperatureNH Pb
oxide, Pb3Oand
4 3→O ,NH
4and
and 4is 3used
pressure
pressure MgOMgO
metal priming
chlorine
chlorine 5 does
does paints.
not–602
not –602
behave can
behave beanasmade
ideal by
ideal
gas.heating
gas.
85 Red leadtemperature 4, is pressure
used in metal priming paints. It canasbe made by heating PbO in air.
At room MgO chlorine does not –602
behave an ideal gas.
5 At At which
which
Which
C2H4 →and
temperature
temperature
diagram describes
C2Hpressure
and 6
thepressure KCl
formation KCl
6PbO(s)
6PbO(s)
wouldof + O
athe
would (g)
O2(g)
π+2bond
behaviour
the –437
→from →–437
2Pb
behaviour O4chlorine
2Pb
3of
the (s)O4chlorine
3of
overlap (s) ofbecome more ideal?
its become
orbitals? more ideal?
At which temperature and pressure KCl
6PbO(s)would + O
the 2(g) →
behaviour –437
2Pb 3ofO (s)
chlorine become more ideal?
toKClO –391
4
What similar feature do these two KClO
conversions have?
3 3 the enthalpy –391
A
Which
Which two
two values
pressurevaluesare needed
temperature
are needed calculate
to calculate the enthalpy change change for this
forreaction?
this reaction?
KClO –391change for this reaction?
pressure temperature
Which
A a lone two //kPa
values
pressure
pair
kPa are / K/ K
needed
temperature
of electrons in theto 3
calculate
product the enthalpy
A enthalpy change of combustion of lead and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3ofO4Pb O
A What is the/ standard
A enthalpy kPa change enthalpy
of200 / K change ofofthe
combustion ‘flash’
lead and reaction?
enthalpy change of formation 3 4
What is the standard enthalpy change of the ‘flash’ reaction?
B change 50
in oxidation state of an element
A A enthalpychange 50 changeofofcombustion 200
combustion of lead andand enthalpy change of formation
of Pb3ofO4Pb3O4
What is the 50 standard
50changeenthalpy changeofofPbO the ‘flash’ reaction?
B enthalpy of PbO enthalpy change of formation
A 200
AC B –3(–602) 50+in (–437) – 400
B B enthalpy of(–391)
combustion and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3O4
A B –3(–602)
decrease bond angle of the species involved
BC enthalpy
enthalpy + (–437)
change
change ofof– (–391) of PbO
400
combustion
formation of PbO and enthalpy
and enthalpy changechange of formation
of atomisation of O2 of Pb3O4
A
C BD C
B –3(–602)
(–602)
C enthalpy
disappearance +
20050 +
(–437) (–437)
change –
of a(–391)–
ofπ200 (–391)
400
formation
bond of PbO and 3 enthalpy change of atomisation of O2
BCD (–602)
enthalpy
enthalpy + change
200 (–437)
change–ofof (–391)
200
formation
formation of ofPbO PbO andand enthalpy
enthalpy change change of atomisation
of formation of Pb3O4of O2
D C C 3(–602)
B D (–602)200
D enthalpy 200+
200 (–437)
+ (–437) – (–391)
change – (–391)
of400 200
formation of PbO and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3O4
5 C 400 below. PAGE 268
DTwo3(–602)
6 DUse
conversions
enthalpy +change
(–437) –of(–391)
are outlined formation of PbO and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3O4
D (–602)
CC 3(–602) + (–437)
of the Data +
200 3(–437)
Booklet – 3(–391)
– (–391)
is400
relevant to this question.
6 DThe (–602) + 3(–437) –change
3(–391)
+
NH4 → NH
14614 DThe
standard enthalpy 3 for the reaction
The (–602)
gas laws + 3(–437)
can – change
be summarised 3(–391)for in the ideal gas equation.
standard C enthalpy the reaction
2H4 → C2H6
6 The standard enthalpy change2NF (g) reaction
for 3the → 2N(g) + 6F(g) is ∆H o = +1668 kJ
pV = nRT
What similar feature do these two conversions 2NF3(g) → have? 2N(g) + 6F(g) is ∆H o = +1668 kJ
What is the bond energy of the N–F2NF bond? 9701/1/O/N/03
3(g) at a2N(g) + 6F(g) isand +1668 kJ[Turn
∆H oa =temperature over
D
© UCLES0.56 g of ethene gas is contained in a vessel
2008 → pressure
9701/01/O/N/08 of 102 kPa [Turn
of over
30 °C.
A
What
A
a
–556
lone
is the kJ
pair
bond
mol
of electrons in
–1 energy of the N–F bond? the product
9701/1/O/N/03 [Turn over
[Turn over
[Turn over
© UCLES 2008 9701/01/O/N/08
What is the
Whatchange
B is thevolume
bond
in energy
oxidationof thestate of the
vessel? of N–F
an bond?
element 9701/1/O/N/03
© UCLES 2008
AB –556
–278 kJ kJmolmol –1–1 9701/01/O/N/08 [Turn over
CEDARA A
CCOLLEGE
49
–556 cm3kJ mol
decrease
–1
in–1bond B angle 494 of cmthe3
species 48 900 cm3
C involved D 494 000 cm3 GAS LAWS WS 2
–1
C +278
B –278 kJ mol kJ mol
–1
CEDAR156 B COLLEGE
D
For –278
disappearance
an ideal kJ gas,
mol–1–1 of plot
a π bond GAS LAWS a WS 2
CEDAR 7 C
D +556
+278 kJhas
COLLEGE
Propanone
kJ molthethe
mol of pV against p is a straight line. For a real gas, such a plot
molecular formula C H O. GAS
shows
LAWS WS 2
deviation from ideal –1 behaviour. The plots3 of6 pV against p for three real gases are shown below.
C +278 kJ mol–1
Gas6Laws DThe
Use3 +556
of thekJ
enthalpy mol
Data change
Booklet ofare combustion
is relevant ofhydrogen
to hydrogen
this question. is –286 kJ mol–1.
DThe gases
+556 kJ represented
mol–1 ammonia, and nitrogen.
–1
The enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is –394 kJ mol .
The gas laws can be summarised in the ideal gas equation.
The enthalpy change of combustion of propanone is –1786 kJ mol–1.
 D
C
0.56decrease
A
g of etheneingas
bond angle of the
is contained in a species
vessel atinvolved
a lone pair of electrons in the product
a pressure of 102 kPa and a temperature of 30 °C.

15 D
What
6 For
B
disappearance
anisideal
the volume
change ingas, ofofthe
the
oxidation
a πvessel?
plot bond
of ofpVanagainst
state elementp is a straight line. For a real gas, such a plot shows a
Propanone
7 deviation has
from the
ideal molecular
behaviour. formula
The C3H
plots of6O.
pV against p for three real gases are shown below.
C 49 cm3 in bond
A decrease B angle
494 of
cmthe3
species 48 15
900 cm3
C involved D 494 000 cm3
The gases
6 The
Use enthalpy change
of the represented
Data Bookletofare
combustion
is relevant
ammonia, ofhydrogen
to hydrogen
this is –286
question.
and kJ mol–1.
nitrogen.
1515 D disappearance
For an
6 The ideal gas,
enthalpy
of a
the plot
change
π bond
of pV againstofpcarbon
of combustion is a straight
is –394line. mol–1
kJ For a .real gas, such a plot shows a
7 The
Propanone
deviation hasideal
from the be
molecular
behaviour. formula
The plots 3H
of6O.
Cthe pV against p for three real gases are shown below.
gas laws can summarised in ideal gas
The enthalpy change of combustion of propanone is –1786 kJ mol–1.
equation.
6 The gases
Use
The enthalpy change
of the represented
Data Bookletofare
combustion
is relevant
ammonia, ofhydrogen
to hydrogen
this is –286
question.
and kJ mol–1.
nitrogen.
pV = nRT –1
X–394
Using this information,
The enthalpy what is the of
change of combustion enthalpy change
carbon is kJofmol
formation
. of propanone?
–1 Z
The gas laws can be summarised in the ideal gas
The enthalpy change
g of ethene –1 ofis combustion of a
propanone Y kJ mol
equation.
vessel atisa–1786 . kPa and a temperature of 30 °C.
0.56
A –1106 kJ molgas contained in pressure of 102
what is the enthalpypV = nRTof formation of propanone?
B –540 mol–1 pV
Using this information,
kJvolume X
change
ideal gas
Z
What is the of the vessel?
g of ethene –1 Y
0.56
A –1106 kJ molgas
–1 is contained in a vessel at a pressure of 102 kPa and a temperature of 30 °C.
C
A –254
49 cmkJ
3 mol
B 494 cm3 C 48 900 cm3 D 494 000 cm3
B –540
What mol –1pV
kJvolume
is the
–1
of the vessel? ideal gas
D +1106 kJ mol
–1
C –254 kJ
3 mol
A 49 cm has the B 3
494 cm formula C 3 3
7 Propanone molecular C3H3486O.
900 cm D 494 000 cm
–1 0 3
D +1106
8 Under which kJ mol
set of conditions0 is a gas mostplikely to behave ideally? –1
The enthalpy
3 What is the most change of combustion
likely shape of a molecule of hydrogen
of hydrazine,is –286
N2HkJ4? mol .
7 Propanone has the molecular
3 What is the most likely shape of a molecule formula C3H6ofO.hydrazine, N2H 4?
The enthalpy change0ofofcombustion ofYcarbon is –394 kJ mol–1.
8 What
Under A
are theset identities
temperature
which 0 the
of conditions B isgases
a gas X,
pressure most pand
3 Z?
likely C kJ mol
to behave ideally? D
A B C is –1786 D
–1
The enthalpy
The enthalpy change
changeofofcombustion
combustion of of 3
hydrogen
propanone is –286 . mol–1.
kJ
–1
HAdiagram
The areHtemperature
enthalpy change H
combustion H high
high theofofMaxwell-Boltzmann X,ofYcarbon Z is –394 kJ mol .curves for molecules ofHa sample
5 TheWhat
H
diagram
H
theshows
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H
the Y gases
H
pressure Z?H distribution
andenergy H
distribution
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5 TheUsing 90°at
this shows
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what90° low
is the H
energy
of propanone is120°
enthalpy change 120° HkJcurves
mol–1. of propanone?
of formation 107° H
of a gas
The at twochange
enthalpy differentoftemperatures.
combustion –1786
90° ammonia 90° high 107°
N H
of aBgas two different
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NAA N Xhigh –1H Nnitrogen N H hydrogen N N N
AN –1106 N kJ
onmol H N Y N H Z N N H N N
H
Which
Using
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this lowthe axes represents
what is thehigh the most
enthalpy probable
change energy of
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the molecules at the lower
B letter
Which on the axes represents low the most probable energy of the molecules at the lower
H H
high
H H HH
B hydrogen nitrogen ammonia
H H
temperature?
A ammonia nitrogen hydrogen
AHD H
temperature?
B –540 kJ –1
–1
C –1106 kJmolmol
low
low highlow
CB nitrogen
hydrogen ammonia ammonia
nitrogen hydrogen
–1
–1
B D –254
C –540 kJ kJmol
mol
4 In DC
In which
which nitrogen
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low
A
does theAammonia
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C +1106
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A D2012
© UCLES Al 2Clnitrogen
6 CH3++
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C 9701/11/M/J/12
Cl 2O D H2Cl C• [Turn over
2Cl 6 kJ mol–1 B
AD Al+1106 CH3 C Cl 2O D H2Cl C•
© UCLES 2012 B
B 9701/11/M/J/12 [Turn over
17
168 Under which set of conditions is a gas most likely to behave ideally?
517 Which
5 Which solid
solid contains
contains more
more than
than one
onekind
kindofofbonding?
bonding?
Under
©8UCLES 2006which set of conditions is a gas most9701/01/O/N/06
likely to behave ideally? [Turn over
A
© UCLES
A 2006iodine
iodine temperature pressure 9701/01/O/N/06 [Turn over
temperature pressure
BB Asilicon
silicon dioxide
dioxide
high high
A high high
CC Bsodium
sodium chloride
chloride
high low
B high low
DD Czinc
zinc low high
C low CC high
DD
D low PAGE269
low PAGE 269
6 Use
6 UseDofof the Datalow
the Data Booklet is
Booklet is relevantlowto this
relevant question.
to this question.
18 Which
6 Which pair pair of
of elements
elements has
has chemical
chemical bonds
bonds of of the
the same
sametype
typebetween
betweentheir
theiratoms
atomsininthe
thesolid
solid
17 gas laws
state?
The gas
state? laws can
can be
be summarised
summarisedin inthe
theideal
idealgasgasequation.
equation.
©©UCLES
UCLES 2012
2012 9701/11/M/J/12
9701/11/M/J/12 [Turn [Turn
over over
A aluminium and
aluminium and phosphorus
phosphorus pV==nRT
pV nRT
chlorine
B chlorine and argon
and argon cm3 3atataatemperature
0.96 gg of
of oxygen
oxygen gas
gas is contained
is containedin inaaglass
glassvessel
vesselofofvolume
volume7000
7000cm temperatureofof30
30°C.
°C.
C magnesium
magnesium and and silicon
silicon
What isis the
the pressure
pressure inin the
the vessel?
vessel?
sulfur and
D sulfur and chlorine
chlorine
CEDAR COLLEGE
CEDARA COLLEGE
1.1 kPa
1.1kPa B 2.1
B 2.1kPa
kPa CC 10.8
10.8kPa
kPa DD 21.6
21.6kPakPa GAS LAWS
GAS LAWS WS 2 WS 2

19 44and
187 Ethanol has
Ethanol has aa boiling
boiling point
point of of 78
78°C.
°C.AtAt101101kPakPa and79 79°C ethanolvapour
°Cethanol vapourdoes
doesnot
notperfectly
perfectlyobey
obey
7 Two moles
moles
gas
the gas of compound
of
equation
equation compound
pV == nRT.
pV nRT. PP were
were placed
placed inin aa vessel.
vessel. The Thevessel
vesselwaswasheated
heatedandandcompound
compoundPP
6 wasWhich
Which least
partlyleast
partly resembles
resembles an
decomposed
decomposed antoideal
to ideal
producegas
gasQ
produce at
Q room
atandroom
and R.
R.temperature
temperature
AAdynamic and
andpressure?
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equilibrium between
betweenchemicals
chemicalsP,P,QQand and
R was
wasis
What isestablished.
established.
the
the reason
reason for for this?
this?
A ammonia
ammonia
A
At Ethanol
helium vapour
Ethanol
B equilibrium
equilibrium
helium vapour
xx moles
molesis
is inofequilibrium
in
of equilibrium
RR were with
withethanol
were present
present ethanol
and
andthe theliquid
liquid
total at
at79
totalnumber79°C.
number°C.ofofmoles
molespresent
presentwaswas(2(2++x x).).
22
B
C There
There
hydrogen
hydrogen are
are intermolecular
intermolecular forces
forces between
between the
the molecules
molecules ofofethanol
ethanolvapour.
vapour.
What is is the
the equation
equation for for this
this equilibrium
equilibriumreaction?
reaction?
C The
The vapourisation
vapourisation of
of ethanol
ethanol liquid
liquid is
is an 22
anendothermic
endothermic process.
process.
AD P methane
Pmethane 2Q
2Q ++ R R
D Vapours
Vapours will will not
not obey
obey the the gas
gasequation
equation perfectly
perfectly
Section
Section AA atatsuch
suchaalow lowpressure.
pressure.
B 2P 2P 2Q
2Q ++ R R
7 Use of of the
the Data
Data Booklet
Booklet is is relevant
relevantto tothis
thisquestion.
Gas Laws 3
question.
For each
C 2P question
2Pquestion Q ++there
Q R are
there
R are four
four possible
possible answers,
answers,A, A,B, B,C, C,and
andD. D.Choose
Choosethetheone
oneyouyouconsider
considertoto
20
20
be
be correct.
correct.
When
When 0.15
0.15Q g of
g of2R an organic compound is vaporised, it occupies a volume
an organic compound is vaporised, it occupies a volume of 65.0 cm at 405 K and of 65.0 cm 33
at 405 K and
D
D 2P
2P 1055Nm Q ++–2 2R
1.00
1.00 ×× 10 Nm–2..
1 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
 AD Pmethane 2Q + R 2
C
D The
methane vapourisation of ethanol liquid is an endothermic process.
D
A P Vapours 2Qwill + Rnot obey the gas equation perfectly
Section A at such a low pressure.
B 2P 2Q + R
7 Use D of Vapours
the Data willBooklet
not obey the gas equation
is relevant perfectly
Section
to this question. A at such a low pressure.
16 C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
B 2P
For each question 2Qthere + R are four possible answers, A, B,
7 CUse2P of the Q Data+ RBooklet is relevant to this question.
20
be
Forcorrect.
each question
C 2P0.15 gQof+ an
When there
R organic compound is vaporised, itB,occupies
are four possible answers, A, C, and D. Chooseofthe
a volume 65.0 cm3you
one consider
at 405 K and to
20 1.00
19be D 2P
correct.
When × 100.15
5 Q +
Nm –22R
g of. an organic compound is vaporised, it occupies a volume of 65.0 cm at 405 K and 3
D1.002P × 10 5 Q +
Nm –22R
.
1 Use Using of the
the Data
expression Booklet pVis=relevant
nRT, which to thisofquestion.
the following expressions should be used to calculate
1 theUse
Usingof the
relative
the Data Booklet
molecular mass,
expression pV is relevant
= M to compound?
r, of which
nRT, the thisofquestion.
the following expressions should be used to calculate
Atoms of element X have six unpaired electrons.
the relative
0.15 molecular
65 × 10 −X6 ×have mass, 5
1× 10six M r, of the compound?
Atoms
A
© UCLES 2012
of ×element unpaired electrons.
9701/12/M/J/12 [Turn over
What could be
8 . 31element
×
0.15 × 65 × 10 × 1× 10 405−6 X? 5
A 2012
© UCLES 9701/12/M/J/12 [Turn over
What could be element
405 X?
AB carbon0.15 × 88..31 31 ××405
© UCLES 2013 9701/12/M/J/13 [Turn over
1×010
A carbon .155 × 865 .31× ×10405 −3
BB 2013
© UCLES chromium 9701/12/M/J/13 [Turn over
1.×15
0 10×565 × 65 × 10× 10 −3
− 3 × 1× 105
B
CC ironchromium
C iron 0.15 × 865 .31 ××10405 − 3 × 1× 105

DC selenium 8
0.15 × 8.31× 405. 31 × 405
D 4
D selenium 5 −6 4
1×010 . 15 ×× 865 . × ×10405
31
D
7
2 Copper
Use and
of1×the ×iodine
105Data 65Booklet
× 10are − 6both shiny crystalline solids.
is relevant to this question.
7 Copper and iodine are both shiny crystalline solids.
2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
21
8 Which
Which compound
Which forces exist isbetween
the onlyparticles
gas at roomsolid
particles in
temperature
copper and pressure?
and
and between neighbouring iodine
iodine molecules
20 Iodine
in solid
is a black,
forces
iodine?
exist shiny,
between non-metallic insolid
solidand a member
copper of Group
between VII. It sublimes
neighbouring easily on
molecules
21 heating
8 inWhich
solid
Iodine
compound
to
is
A CH CH CH NH give
iodine?
a3 black,
2
a
2
is
purple the
shiny,
2
only
vapour. gas
non-metallic
M = 59.0
r
at room temperature
solid and a
and
member
pressure?
of Group VII. It sublimes easily on
heating CHto give a NH purple vapour.
ABAsampleCH 3CH
3CH of22CHCHiodine2
copper 2
2OH vapour MMr r== 59.0
of60.0
mass 6.35 iodine g has a volume of 1.247 dm3 when maintained at
copper iodine 5
constant
AB sample temperature
CHof2CH iodine and aMpressure of 1.00
6.35 × g 10 hasPa. a volume of 1.247 dm3 when maintained at
C CH3OHCH
CH 2OH vapour Mr r==of mass
60.0
A 2 ionic 2OH bonds 62.0 covalent bonds 5
A
constant ionic bonds
temperature and a pressure covalent
of 1.00bonds × 10 Pa.
IfDCiodineCHvapour
CH 2OHCH Cl acts 2OH as anM Mideal
r = 62.0gas, what is the temperature of the iodine vapour?
B 3CH2ionic bonds r = 64.5 van der Waals’ forces
IfDBiodine vapour ionicacts bondsas anMideal van
gas,der what PAGE
Waals’
PAGE is the 270
forces
270 temperature of the iodine vapour?
A C 300 K CH 3 CH 2 Cl B 600 rK = 64.5 C 3
3003 000 K D 600 000 K
C metallic
metallic bonds bonds covalent
covalent bonds bonds
22
22
A
9 Which 300 K
formula represents B 600 K
the empirical C
formula 300 of 000 K
a compound? D 600 000 K
21
4
4 Two Two D glass
D glass metallic
vessels
vessels
metallic M
M and
and N
bonds
bonds N are are van connected
der
der Waals’
connected
van
by
by aaforces
Waals’
closed
closed valve.
forces valve.
39 Enthalpy
Which formula represents
A CH4Ochanges that B are C2H
the empirical
difficult to measureformula of a compound?
C C6directly H12 can oftenD H beOdetermined using Hess’ Law
4 2 2
to
3 Enthalpy construct an
changes enthalpythat cycle.
are difficult to measure directly can often
A CH4O B C2H4 C C6H12 D H2Odetermined
be
2
using Hess’ Law
M N
8
8 Use of
to constructthe Data Booklet
an enthalpy is relevant
cycle. to this question.
relevant M the enthalpyN cycle shown?
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
10 Which
Use ofenthalpy
the Datachange Bookletisisindicated bythis
to X inquestion.
Ferrochrome is
is an alloy of iron
iron and chromium. Ferrochrome can
can be be dissolved
dissolved in in dilute
dilute sulfuric
C(s) + 2H 22(g) + )2O (g) FeSO
Which
Use ofenthalpy
10 Ferrochrome the Data change
an alloyisis
Booklet ofindicated
relevant and by
to X inquestion.
chromium.
this the enthalpy
Ferrochrome cycle shown? sulfuric
A washing powdera 2NaHCO 3, as one of with
the ingredients.7 inInacid
a
acid
acid to
to produce
produce a contains
mixture sodium
mixture of
of FeSO
FeSO hydrogencarbonate,
4 and
and Cr
Cr (SO
(SO 4 )3.. The
The FeSO 4 reacts
reacts with K
K 2Cr
Cr 2O
2O7 in acid
C(s)
g of +washing 2H (g) + 2O (g)
4 2 4 3 4 3 2 –3
titration,according
solution a solutionto containing the following 1.00equation. powder
2 10 5 Pa. 2NaHCO
5 requires 7.15 cm of 0.100 mol dm
solution
M A contains
washing according
helium toat
powder the following
contains sodium equation.
hydrogencarbonate, 3, as one of the ingredients. In a
at 2020 °C at
at aa pressure of 10 Pa. N
of 11 ×× hydrogencarbonate N has
has been evacuated, and
and hashas three
X
M contains
sulfuric acidhelium for complete °Creaction. pressure
The sodium been isevacuated,
the only
3 ingredient three
that–3
titration,
times the a solution
volume of containing
M. In an 1.00
experiment, g of washing
the valve powder
is opened requires
and the7.15 cm
temperature of 0.100
of themol dm
whole
times
reactsthe withvolume
the acid. M. ++In+an
of14H 6Fe 2+
experiment, 2– valve is
the 3+ opened3+ and the2O temperature of the whole
CEDARapparatus
COLLEGE
sulfuric acid
is for complete
14H 6Fe2+ +
+ reaction. + CrCr22O
The 7 2– →
Osodium → 2Cr 3+ + 6Fe 3+
+ 6Fe X++ 7H
hydrogencarbonate
2Cr 7His2Othe only GASingredient
LAWS WS that2
apparatus is raised
raised to to 100
100 °C. °C. 7
reacts with the acid. 3
CEDAR When
WhenCOLLEGE
What is thegpercentage
1.00 of
of ferrochrome
by mass is
is dissolved
3
of sodiuminhydrogencarbonate
in dilute
dilute sulfuric
sulfuric acid,
in the the
acid, and resultingGAS
washing powder?
and the resulting LAWS
solution WS 2
titrated,
What
Whatcm
13.1 is1.00
is 3the
theof
gfinal
CH
final
0.100
ferrochrome
(g) +
pressure
pressure
4 mol dm
mol dm2O –3in
(g)
in
2 mass
K
the
the
Cr
dissolved
system?
system?
O is required for complete CO (g)
reaction. + 2H O(l)
solution titrated,
What 3 –3 2 2 7 2reaction. OF2 2 willpowder?
4
4 In
13.1
InA oxygen3.0is the
cm
oxygen
percentage
ofdifluoride,
0.100
difluoride, BOF by
OF6.02,, K 2Cr2Oof
fluorine 7 issodium
has Can hydrogencarbonate
required 12.0 for complete
oxidation number D of
2 fluorine has an oxidation number of –1. OF2 will react with sulfur
in24.0
the
–1.washing react with sulfur
CH
4 Pa(g) + 2O (g) CO (g) + 2H O(l)
4
A
dioxide
AA 3.18 3.18 ×
× 1010
according Pa 4 to the following
to the 2
following equation. 2 2
dioxide
What is according equation.
A
What is ×the
–3.0
4 thethepercentage
enthalpy
percentage
4
Bofbyby 6.0 mass
mass of
combustion of FeFeofin the
C sample
hydrogen
in the 12.0 of
sample of ferrochrome?D 24.0
ferrochrome?
B
B 4.24
4.24 × 10 Pa
104enthalpy
Pa B of4.39
A A + –44×××the
1.22 the combustion OF
OF22ofof + SO 2 →
hydrogen
+hydrogen
SO
C → SO SO33 ++ F F22 D
B
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5 B of 4.39
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9701/13/M/J/13
12.2 D 43.9 43.9
C
C 1.25
1.25 ×
× 10
10 5 Pa
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What
CB 2013
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What is
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24×oxidised
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9 D
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9 D Use
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the Booklet
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oxygen
23
23 When
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22
5
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Which
What
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the
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could be
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hydrogen chloride?
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B oxidised reduced oxidised
© UCLES 2014 9701/11/M/J/14
AAC argon
argon reduced oxidised reduced electrical
C reduced oxidised
electrical reduced electrical electrical
© UCLES 2014 melting point electrical electrical
9701/11/M/J/14 conductivity
BBD kryptonmelting
reduced point conductivity
reduced conductivity conductivity
D krypton conductivityoxidised conductivity of
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5 D
Use xenon
5 DAAof
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xenon
of –119Booklet
–119
Data Booklet is
is relevant
poor to
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relevant to this
this question.
poor
question.
poor insoluble
insoluble
24
24 TheB
TheBgas
gas laws
laws
–115
can
can be
–115 be summarised
summarised
poor
poor inin the
poor
the ideal gas
gas equation
poor
ideal
good
below.
equation good
below.
C
C –50
–50 poor
poor poor
poor poor
poor
pV == nRT
pV nRT
D
D 993
993 poor
poor good
good good
good –3 3
0.96 g
0.96 g of
of oxygen
oxygen gas
gas isis contained
contained in in aa glass
glass vessel
vessel of
of volume
volume 7.0
7.0 ×× 10
10–3mm3 at
at aa temperature
temperature of of
Gas Laws
30 3
°C.
30 °C.
6
6 Aluminium
Aluminium carbide, Al 44C
carbide, Al C33,, reacts
reacts readily
readily with
with aqueous
aqueous sodium
sodium hydroxide.
hydroxide. The
The two
two products
products of
of the
the
Assume
reaction
Assume the
are
reaction the gas
NaAl
are gas
NaAlbehaves
O and
behaves aas an ideal
hydrocarbon.
O22 and aashydrocarbon. gas.Water molecules are also involved as reactants.
an ideal gas.Water molecules are also involved as reactants.
What
What is
is the
the pressure
formula ofinthe
thehydrocarbon?
vessel?
 B D krypton melting
reduced point reduced conductivity oxidised conductivity conductivity
B D krypton reduced / °C conductivity oxidised
reduced conductivity of aqueous
/ °C of solid of liquid of aqueous
C neon of solid of liquid solution
C neon solution
5 Use
5 Use
D A of
D A of
xenon
xenonthe Data
the Data –119Booklet
–119Booklet is relevant
is relevant
poor to this question.
poor to this question.
poor
poor11 17 insoluble
insoluble
24 TheB –115 number poor ofin the ideal poor good
24 TheBgas
23 gas laws
laws can be summarised
–115
can be summarised moleculesin the ideal
poor poor
Sectiongas equation
B
gas equation
below.
good
below.
C –50 poor poor poor
C –50 poor poor poor
For each of the questions in this section, onepV = nRT of the three
pVor=morenRT numbered statements 1 to 3 may
D
be correct. 993 poor good good
D 993 poor good good –3
m3 at a temperature of
0.96 g of oxygen gas is contained 0in a glass vessel of volume 7.0 × 10 m3 at a temperature of
0.96 g of oxygen gas is contained in a glass vessel of volume 7.0 × 10–3
30 °C.
Decide
30 °C.whether each of the statements0is or is not correctEa1 (you Emay a2 find it helpful to put a tick against
Aluminium carbide,
6the statements that you Al 4C3, reacts
consider to be readily
correct). with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The two products of the
6 Aluminium carbide, Al 4C3, reacts readily withmolecular aqueous energy sodium hydroxide. The two products of the
Assume
reaction the are gasNaAl behaves
O2 and aas an ideal gas.Water molecules
hydrocarbon.
Assume
reaction the are gasNaAl behaves
O2 and aashydrocarbon.an ideal gas.Water3molecules are also involved as reactants.
are also involved as reactants.
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
Ea isis
What
What isused
the to represent
the pressure
formula ofin thethe activation energy
vessel? 3 for the reaction between 3the gases. Of –3the two
5 What
What is
is the
the pressure
formula withof inthe thehydrocarbon?
the vessel?
Na 2S2O3shown,
values reacts one the hydrocarbon?
isdilute HCl to give
activation energy a pale 3 ayellow
for catalysed precipitate.
reaction, If the
1 cmotherof 0.1
for mol dm HCl is
an uncatalysed
A 3 –3
B
Aadded
A 1.1
reaction.
CH to
kPa
4 10 cm of 0.02 B
B mol
2.1
C 2H dm
kPa
6 Na2S2OC3 the 10.8
C 3H 8kPaC
precipitate forms D slowly.
21.6
C 6 H kPa D
12
5 A A 1.1
Use of the
CH kPa
4 Data Booklet BB 2.1 is HkPa
C2relevant
6 to thisCquestion.10.8
C3H8kPa D 21.6
C6H12kPa
5 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
© UCLES 2014 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 3 9701/13/O/N/14
25 IfWhich
© UCLES the
2014 experiment
statement is repeated
about Ea1 is with 1 cm 9701/13/O/N/14
correct?
2 and –3 3
of 0.1 mol dm HCl and 10 cm31ofonly 0.05 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3
25
246
The
The gas
gas laws
the precipitate
laws
are can
can
forms
be summarised
be summarised
more only
quickly.
in
are the
in the ideal
ideal gas gas equation
only are
equation below.
below. is
dm33..
6 One OneA
mole
mole
E
of
of phosphorus(
correct phosphorus(
corresponds to aV))catalysed
V chloride, PCl
PCl 55,, is
chloride, reaction
correct
heated
is with
heated correct
fewer
to
to 600600 K
K in
effectivein aa sealed
sealed flaskflask of
correct
collisions than
of volume
volume 1
the
1 dm
uncatalysed
Equilibrium a1 is
is established
established and and measurements are taken.
Equilibrium
Why is reaction.
this?
measurements pV =
pV nRT
=are
nRT taken.
No other
The
AB The
combination
volume of
of a
corresponds
Ea1 activation of statements
a sample
energyto an of PCl
methane
PCl
ofofuncatalysed
the
5(g) as aPCl
is used
reaction PAGE
5(g) is reaction
is measured
PCl
is –3
lower 273
3(g) response.
correct
3(g)
withat+ aCl
at+fewer
when aCl
0.05
2(g)
temperature
2(g)effective of
mol dm–3collisions60
Na60 °C and
than athe
pressure of
catalysed
The volume sample methane measured 3 temperature of 2S°C2O3andis used.
a pressure of
103 reaction.
kPa. The volume measured is 5.37 × 10 –3 m 3 .
103 experiment
The kPa. The volume is measured is 5.37 × 10 m.
B experiment
The The collisions is repeated
between
repeated with one
one mole
reactant
with of
of phosphorus(
particles
mole are more V
phosphorus( )) chloride
Vviolent when
chloride heated to 600
0.05 mol
heated to 600
dmK K–3 in a sealed
inNa S2O3 is
a2sealed
5 flask
31 The
C of
gas
E volume
a1 laws 2
can
corresponds dmbe 3
3. summarised
to a catalysed in the
reactionideal gas
with aequation.
greater number of effective collisions than the
Assume
flask
Assumeused.
of the
volume gas 2 behaves
dm
the gas behaves . as an ideal gas.
uncatalysed reaction.as an ideal gas.
–3
How
C The
What will the measurements
reactant particles vary?
collide more frequently = nRT
pVgiven when 0.05 mol dmfigures? Na2S2O3 is used.
HowD will
What Eis
isa1the
the
the mass
corresponds
mass of
of the
measurements the to sample
an vary?
sample of
of methane,
uncatalysedmethane, reactiongivenwith to
to two significant
a greater
two significantnumber of effective collisions than
figures?
–3
D
© UCLES
A 2014
where the
The
The catalysed
reaction
equilibrium
each symbol
g
reaction.
proceeds
concentrations
Bhas its usual by a different
meaning. PAGE
pathway 271
9701/12/O/N/14
3(g) and
of PCl9701/12/O/N/14 when 0.05
Cl 2(g) are higher mol dm Na
ing the
the2second
second used.[Turn over
S2O3 is experiment.
[Turn over
A 0.00018 B 0.0032 0.0032 g g of PClC C3(g)0.18 g
gCl 2(g) are D 3.2in
© UCLES
A 2014
A The 0.00018 equilibrium
g concentrations and
0.18 higher
D 3.2 g experiment.
B The equilibrium concentration of PCl (g) is lower in the second experiment.
BWhich Thestatements
equilibriumare correct? of PCl 55(g) is lower in the second experiment.
concentration
2662 Which
25 Whichstage diagram in(CHshows
theCHO) the
free radical correct graph of pV
substitution ofagainst
ethane forchlorine
nby an idealwill gashave
at constant temperature?
the equation
lowest activation
6
6 C Metaldehyde,
The
Metaldehyde, equilibrium(CH 3 CHO) 4,, is
concentrations is used
used ofas
as all a
a solid
three
solid fuel
gases
fuel for
are
for camping
the same
camping stoves.
in The
both experiments.
stoves. experiments.
The equation for the
for the
C1 The
energy?One equilibrium
mole of 3 concentrations
an 4
ideal gas of all
occupies three gases
the sameare the
volume same in
underboth the same conditions of
CEDAR
complete
complete
COLLEGE
temperature A
combustion
combustion of
of
andequilibrium
metaldehyde
metaldehyde
pressure. B is shown.
is shown. C GAS DLAWS WS 2
CEDARD D
ACOLLEGE
The
The value
Cl 2 value → 2Cl of ●the equilibrium constant is higher in the second experiment. GAS LAWS WS 2
of the constant is higher in the second experiment.
2 The density of an(CH (CHideal3CHO)
3CHO) gas44(s) +
+ 10 10 O
at constant
(s) O22(g)
(g) → 8CO
→
pressure 8CO (g)
(g) +
is 22inversely 8Hproportional
+ 8H 2O(l)
2O(l) to the temperature,
B Cl T. ● + C2H6 → C2H5● + HCl
pV = = standard
standard enthalpyenthalpy pV change
change of combustion. pV
of combustion. pV
C
3 C The2H5volume
● + Cl 2of→ C2H5Cl
a given mass+ Cl of●an ideal gas is doubled if its temperature is raised from 25 °C
Which
Which to expression
50 °C at constant
expression will
will give
give a
a correct
correct value
pressure. value for for the
the enthalpy
enthalpy change change of of formation
formation of of metaldehyde?
metaldehyde?
D 0 Cl ● + C2H5● → C2H50Cl 0 0
A 0 n
metaldehyde 0 carbon n 0 n 0 n
A metaldehyde – – (8 (8 carbon + + 8 8 hydrogen)
hydrogen)
© UCLES 2015
©32 UCLES 2015
9701/11/M/J/15
9701/11/M/J/15
[Turn over
[Turn over
76 B
Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
26 Measured
B metaldehyde
values of the
metaldehyde –
– (8 (8pressure,carbon
carbon +
+ 16
volume 16 andhydrogen)temperature of a known mass of a gaseous
hydrogen)
compound
In which pairs are do to be
both substituted
species into the
have the equation
samemetaldehyde
numberpV = of nRT. unpaired p electrons?
C
C (8 (8 carbon
carbon + + 8 8 hydrogen)
hydrogen) – – metaldehyde
The
1 (8
D
D
measurements
O
(8 Cl +
andcarbon
carbon + are usedhydrogen)
+ 16 16
to calculate the relative
hydrogen) – – metaldehyde
metaldehyde
molecular mass, Mr, of a compound.
© UCLES
WhichF+ conditions
2 2015 and Ga– 9701/13/M/J/15
of pressure and temperature would give the most accurate value of Mr?
7
7 In
In industry, copper
+ metal is purified by electrolysis.
3 industry,
P and Necopper metal is purified by electrolysis.
pressure temperature
Which
Which changes
changes occur
occur to
to the
the masses
masses of of the
the electrodes
electrodes and
and to
to the colour of
the colour of the
the electrolyte
electrolyte during
during
this
A process?
this process? high high
B high low
mass
mass of
of mass
mass of
of colour
colour of
of
C low
anode
anode high
cathode
cathode electrolyte
electrolyte
D
A low
decrease low
increase
little
A decrease little or
or no
no change
increase change occurs
occurs
4
B
B decrease
decrease increase
increase pale
pale blue
blue to
to blue
blue
97 Use
8 Which
C solid contains
C of theincrease
increase
more
Data Booklet is than one kind
relevant to this
decrease
decrease
of bonding?
question.
little
little or
or no
no change
change occurs
occurs
A D copperincrease decrease blue to pale blue
D an increase
When decreaselight tube blue
evacuated fluorescent bluecm3 is filled with a gas at 300 K and
to pale300
of volume
© UCLES 2012 9701/11/M/J/12 [Turn over
B kPa,
101 the mass of the tube increases by 1.02 g. The gas obeys the ideal gas equation
diamond
pV = nRT.
C ice
What is the identity of the gas?
D magnesium oxide
A argon
B krypton
Gas Laws 3
C neon
© UCLES 2013 9701/13/O/N/13 [Turn over
© D 2015
© UCLES
UCLES nitrogen
2015 9701/12/M/J/15
9701/12/M/J/15 [Turn over
[Turn over
 Section A
C low high
Section 4 A
For eachD question lowthere are four possible low answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
4
6be correct.
4 18
For In which
each questionreaction there is the
are species
four possible in bold acting as
answers, A,an B, oxidising
C, and D.agent?
Choose the one you consider to
6be correct.
In which reaction is the species in bold acting as an oxidising agent?
871 UseA 2Ca
Which O2 → 2CaO
+ contains
279 Useofofsolid
the
theDataDataBooklet
Booklet more than
isisrelevant
relevantoneto kind
to thisofquestion.
this bonding?
question.
A 2Ca +2–O2 → +2CaO 3+
1 Use B of Crthe2O7 Data + 8H Booklet + 3SO 3
is relevant
2–
→ to 2Cr + 4H2O + 3SO42–
this question.
A copper 3
BWhen
AtomsCr2an Oof7 evacuated
2–element
+ 2+8H X+have
+ fluorescent
3SO → light
six unpaired
2–
2Cr tube
3+ of O
electrons. volume
+9701/11/M/J/12
4H + 3SO 3002– cm is filled with a gas at 300 K and
© UCLES 2012
C kPa,
101 Mg +the Femass → Mg 2+ 3
of the + Fe increases by 1.02 g. The gas obeys the ideal gas[Turn
2 4 over
B
Atoms diamond
of element 2+
X have 2+
six tube
unpaired electrons. equation
CpVWhat=MgnRT.could
+ Febe element → Mg X? + Fe
CD ice SO2 + 2H2O + 2Cu2+ + 2Cl – → H2SO4 + 2H+ + 2CuCl
What could be element X? 2+
D A SO
What carbon + 2H
is2 the 2O + of2Cu
identity the gas? + 2Cl – → H2SO4 + 2H+ + 2CuCl
D magnesium oxide
AB carbonchromiumof hydrogen and ethyne, C2H2, from methane reaches dynamic equilibrium.
7 AThe formation
argon
7 The BC formation
chromium
iron of hydrogen and ethyne, C2H2, from methane reaches dynamic equilibrium.
B krypton 2CH4(g) 3H2(g) + C2H2(g)
C iron 2CH4(g) 3H2(g) + C2H2(g)
D neon selenium
CWhat
© UCLES 2013are the units of Kc? PAGE 274
9701/13/O/N/13 [Turn over
D selenium
What are
DA nitrogen the units of K c ? PAGE 274
mol dm–3 B mol2 dm–6 C mol3 dm–9 D mol4 dm–12
28 Use of the–3Data Booklet is relevant 2 –6
to this question. 3 –9
D mol4 dm–12
28 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
A mol dm B mol dm C mol dm
28
10 Iodine isreacts a black, shiny, non-metallic solid and a member of Group VII. It sublimes easily on
8 Nitrogen
Which equation with hydrogen
represents thetostandard
produce ammonia.
enthalpy change of formation of ethanol, C2H5OH?
heating
Iodine is toa give
black, a purple
shiny, vapour.non-metallic solid and a member of Group VII. It sublimes easily on
8 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation of ethanol, C2H5OH?
heating
A 2C(g) to give + 3H a purple vapour.
1 N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
2(g) + 2 O2(g) → C2H5OH(l)
A sample of iodine vapour
1
of mass 6.35 g has a volume of 1.247 dm3 when maintained at
Aconstant + 3H2(g) + and
2C(g) temperature Oa 2(g) → C2Hof5OH(l) 105aPa.
AB mixture
sample
2C(s) of of iodine
+ 1.00
3H2(g) +of2 21nitrogen,
molvapour O2(g) pressure
of mass
→3.00 C2H 1.00
6.35
mol gof×has
5OH(l)
hydrogen volumeand of 1.247
1.98 moldm of 3ammonia
when maintained
is allowedatto
5
reach
constant equilibrium
temperature in
B 2C(s) + 3H2(g) + 2 1O2(g) → C2H5OH(l) a
and 1sealed
a vessel
pressure of under
1.00 × certain
10 Pa. conditions. It was found that 1.64 mol of
CIf iodine
nitrogen2C(s) vapour
were + 3H acts
present as anOideal
2(g) +in the 2 (g) gas,Cwhat
equilibrium
→ 2 H is the temperature of the iodine vapour?
mixture.
5OH(g)
2 12
CIf iodine
2C(s) vapour
+ 3Hacts as an 1 ideal gas, what is the temperature of the iodine vapour?
2(g) + 2 O2(g) → C2H5OH(g)12
A
What 300 K
is the +value B
of K+c under 600 K
these C 300 000 K D 600 000 K
D 2C(g) 6H(g) O(g) → C2Hconditions?
5OH(l)
TheAresponses
300 K A to D should
B 600 K be selected on the basis
C 300 000 K of D 600 000 K
D 2C(g) + 6H(g) + O(g) → C2H5OH(l)
The responses (0.70 A )to2 D should be selected on the basis of
CEDAR3 AEnthalpy
COLLEGE D GAS usingLAWS
Hess’ WS
Law2
99 Use
changes that are difficult to measure directly can often be determined
29 (of
1.64
to construct
the)(AData
4.92)3Booklet is relevant
an enthalpy cycle.
B to this question. C
99 Use of theAData Booklet is relevant
3 Enthalpy changes that are difficult to measure
B to this question. C directly can often be determined
D using Hess’ Law
to
In construct
an 1,experiment,
(12.34 an
and)2 enthalpy
3 12.0cycle.dm31 of andoxygen,
2 measured 2 and 3
under 1 only is used to burn
room conditions,
BWhich enthalpy
2 are change is indicated 2 by X in the enthalpy 3cycle shown? 1 only
an(1,
Incompletely and
)(30.10
1experiment,
.enthalpy
64 .643 )mol
3 dm31only
of propan-1-ol.
12.0 of are
andoxygen, measured 2only
and are
under room conditions, is is used to burn
Which correct
are change is indicated correct
only are by X in the enthalpy only cycle shown?
correct
are correct
is
completely 0.10 mol of propan-1-ol. C(s) + 2H (g) + 2O (g)
2 correct 2
What(1is .correct
64the)( 4final
.92)3volume of gas, correctmeasured under
C(s) + 2H2(g) + 2O2(g)
room conditions? correct
C
No What
other is the final
combination
(0.70 )2 volume of gas, measured
of statements is used as under room conditions?
a correct response.
A 7.20 dm3 B 8.40 dm3 C 3 16.8 dm3 D X18.00 dm3
No other combination 3 of statements is
3 used as a correct 3response.
A 7.20 (1.64 dm )(3.64)3 B 3 8.40 dm C 16.8 dm D X18.00 dm3
30
410 Flask X contains
D
34 A student (1.34 )2
borrowed 5 dm of helium at 12 kPa pressure and flask Y contains 10 dm3 of neon at 6 kPa
a friend’s chemistry notes and copied out the notes in the box below.
10 pressure.
34 A student borrowed CH4(g) +friend’s
a 2O2(g)chemistry notes and copiedCO out(g)
2 + in2H
the notes theO(l)
2
box below.
Which statements CH
If the flasks are connected 4 (g) +
are 2O (g)
2at constant temperature, what CO
correct?
2(g)final+pressure?
is the 2H2O(l)
11 Which
Use of statements
the Data Booklet are correct?
is relevant to this question.
A – 4 × the enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen
A –kPa
A A 8gas 4 ×behaves
the enthalpy lessB of 9combustion
like kPa
an ideal gas C 10the
when
of hydrogen kPa gas D 11 kPa
Which
B
A gas +4 calcium compound
× the enthalpy
behaves less like of an contains
combustion
ideal gas 54.1 %
ofwhen bythe
hydrogenmass gasof calcium?
B 1 + 4is×atthe low enthalpy
pressure. of combustion of hydrogen
AC calcium thehydroxide
5 Calcium1 –is2atforms × low enthalpy
an ionic of
pressure. formationwith
compound of water
carbon, called calcium carbide. The oxidation number of
C 2 – 2isin
carbon ×at thelow
calciumenthalpy
temperature.
carbide of formation
is –1. of water
BD calcium thenitrate
2 + is2at× low enthalpy of formation of water
temperature.
D 3 + 2can × the be enthalpy
easily of formation of water
liquefied.
Calcium
C calcium carbide oxide is readily hydrolysed by water giving two products only.
3 can be easily liquefied.
D calcium
What could be sulfate
the formulae of calcium carbide and the two products of hydrolysis?
35 On being heated, hydrogen iodide breaks down more quickly than hydrogen chloride.
35 On being
© UCLES heated,carbide
2014 calcium hydrogen iodide breaks products down more quickly than hydrogen chloride.
9701/11/M/J/14
© UCLESWhich2014 statements explain this faster rate? 9701/11/M/J/14
Which
A statements Ca2Cexplain this faster CaOrate?and C2H4
1 The HI bond is weaker than the HCl bond.
© UCLES
1 B 2014The HI bond Ca2is C weaker than Ca(OH)
the HCl 2 and9701/12/M/J/14
C2H2
bond.
© UCLES 2 2014 The reaction of the breakdown of HI 9701/12/M/J/14
has a smaller activation energy than that of HCl.
2 C The reaction CaC of2 the breakdown CaO of and
HI has C2Ha4 smaller activation energy than that of HCl.
© UCLES3 The
2013 breakdown of HI is more exothermic than that of HCl.
9701/13/O/N/13
3 D The breakdown CaC2 of HI is more Ca(OH) 2 and C2than
exothermic H2 that of HCl.

36 Which statements about calcium oxide are correct?

636 Hess’
Whichlaw may be used
statements abouttocalcium
determine
oxideenthalpy changes using average bond energies, as shown
are correct?
in1the Itdiagram.
reacts with cold water.
1 It reacts with cold water.
2 It is produced when calcium isolated
nitrate isgaseous
heated. atoms
2 It is produced when calcium nitrate is heated.
Gas Laws3 3 It can be reduced by heating with magnesium.
3 It can be reduced by heating with U magnesium. V

hydrogen cyanide W
37 Propanal will react withreactants products
to form 2-hydroxybutanenitrile. A suitable catalyst for
 Decide C
be correct.122 whether
For methanal
ethanoic
The
Aeach thin
correct
are of each
equilibrium
film the ofacid a of the statements
mixture
compound
questions incontains
correct
only ofthis
are strontium is or is
a greater
section, and notargon
one correct
proportion
or more
correct
only areforms (you
ofon
of onthemay
Z theat
the three find
higher
surface it helpful
pressures.
numbered
correct
is protecting tostatements
put thea freshly
tick against
1 to 3 may
3C 1 whetherA methanal
The
formed thinequilibrium
correct film
metal. ofyou a the mixture
compound correct
contains
of be strontium a greater
PAGE
and Section
proportion
correct
argon
272
B forms of Z at higher
correct
surface temperatures.
protecting theagainst
freshly
For 32
2 whether
the statements
each The
ethanoic
of the equilibrium
that acid
questions mixture
consider
in in this contains
to
section, is orais
correct). greater
one notor proportion ofthreeZfindat numbered
higher temperatures.
a more of response.
the three itnumbered statements 1 to13tomay 3 may
Decide Forbe
D correct.
formed
each Without of
correct each
metal.
the the of argon
questions statements
strontium
in this
correct is
section, or
oxide is not
one would correct
or moreform
correct (you
of in themay
the find
air.
three it helpful
numberedcorrect to put
statements a tick 1 to 3 may
Decide For
323 correct.
each ethanoic
methyl
The
of each
equilibrium
the acid
methanoate
of the
questions statements
mixture contains
this section,
orawould
isgreater
one correct
or
proportion
more (you
of themay
ofthree
Zfindat numbered
higher
helpful tostatements
put
temperatures.
a tick against
No
be
the
the
other
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statements
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statements
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whethercombination
ethanoic
Without
each ofthat
that
metal.
each
the
the acid
you
you argon
questionsof
consider
ofconsider
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statements
strontium
in to
tothis besection,
be
is
is used
correct).
oxide
correct). PAGE
PAGEonenot 272
ascorrect
272
or form correct
more in (you
the
of may
air.
the it helpful tostatements
put a tick against 1 to 3 may
35 3When methyl methanoate
be correct.
NoThe other
theother
D
3
responses
statements
Decide
be
Without
methyl
combination
correct. decomposing
whether A
that
the
methanoate
toyou
argon
Dof
each statements
should
consider ofinthe
strontium
water,
be isoxide
selected
to statements
be organic
used
correct).
would
PAGE
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33 statements
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33
33 36
31
36
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36
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31 Which 21, statements about the atoms Na and Mg areare correct?
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(g)are
partially →
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2CO(g)
measured
liquefies. are negligible. atnegligible.
room conditions.]
2 The gas
Intermolecular + partially liquefies.
forces is are cm3 of dilute
31 2 ammonia
31 3Solid [All calcium
22 Intermolecular
2C(s) volumes O carbonate
are
2(g) →measured2CO(g) added at room to 100 conditions.] hydrochloric acid and the rate of the
31 Solid
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calcium gas 1 partiallyare
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100 cm33than
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33 vessel muchat
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water is
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thenthe molecular
the molecular
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33
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then
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100 toacid give
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33
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acid, calcium
1 1and
CO(g)
Gas
and
acid, 1andchloride.
AA the
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3.27
chloride.
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32 Carbon
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the carbon
9701/1/O/N/02
same dioxide.
conditions.
3
33
32
332
333
32
33 Why
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Why
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6.54 addition
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3
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–3
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exactly 100
100 cm of
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mol = dm dm constant,
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33 3 Ethylene
33
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carbon monoxide.
[S’11 P12 Q33]
133 Ethylene glycolreduces changes the inextensive network of of hydrogen bonds in ice.
33 carbon
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Which Mmonoxide.
monoxide. are correct in terms of the Brønsted-Lowry M theory of acids and bases?
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33 2009 The
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4 3 3 The valuemonoxide. of the equilibrium constant for the reaction, 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g), is likely to
432
32 4 2
432 3
When
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Ethylene glycol of amolecules will notdissolve ain the water formed from the ice. kPa
2 Sulfuric acid, H 2 SO , does not behave as an acid when dissolved in 2ethanol, C H 2 OH.
32 2 1 ahigh.
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332 The TheSulfuric ammonium
ammonium acid, H ion acts as a base when dissolved dissolved in
2SO4, does not behave as an acid when dissolved in ethanol, C2H5OH.
in liquid
liquid ammonia.
ammonia.
11 The gas
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1Which The gas are non-ideally.
possible explanations for this behaviour?
© UCLES 2011 3 gas Thepartially ammonium ion acts as a9701/12/M/J/11 9701/12/M/J/11
base when dissolved in liquid ammonia.
©©UCLES
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The liquefies. 9701/12/M/J/11
21 The The gas gas partially liquefies.
The gaspartially behaves non-ideally.
3 2011 Gas is adsorbed on to the vessel walls. walls. 9701/12/M/J/11
© UCLES3©3 UCLES Gas2011
Gas is adsorbed
is adsorbed on to the vessel 9701/13/M/J/11
© 2
©UCLES
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9701/13/M/J/11 [S’11 P12 Q32]
33 3 Gas
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33 Which
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equations
equations apply onan
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ideal gas?
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33 © UCLES equations
2011 apply 9701/13/M/J/11
[p = pressure,
[p == pressure, V
pressure, V = volume,
V == volume,
volume, M M
M= = molar
= molar mass, ρ =
molar mass, density, c = concentration, RR == gas
gas constant,
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density, cc == concentration,
concentration, R = gas constant,
constant,
TT == temperature]
temperature]
T = temperature]
©33
UCLES 2017
Which equations apply to an ideal gas?
ρRT 9701/13/M/J/17 [Turn over
RT V = volume,
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3 pV ρ== =cRT
11 pp == M
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 the precipitate forms more quickly. Section B
correct correct correct correct
Iodine is a black, shiny, non-metallic solid and a member of Group VII. It sublimes easily on
8For each
Which ofequation
Why is the questions
this? in this the
represents section, one or
standard more ofchange
enthalpy the three
of numbered
formation of statements
ethanol, C1 2to
H53OH?
may
be heating to give a purple vapour.
Nocorrect.
reactionPAGE 273
other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
AA 2C(g)
The activation
+ 3H2(g) energy
+ 21ofOthe is lower
2(g) → C2H5OH(l)
20when 0.05 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3 is3 used.
A sample of iodine vapour of mass 6.35
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct g has (you
a volume
may findof it1.247 dm
helpful when
to put maintained at
5 –3a tick against
B The collisions between reactant particles are more violent when 0.05 mol dm Na 2S2O3 is
5 statements
5the
31 Bconstant
The 2C(s) temperature
that
+ can
gas laws you
3H 2(g)
be and1
consider
+ 2 Otoa
summarised pressure
be → of
correct).
2(g) in
1.00
C2ideal
the H5OH(l) × 10 Pa.
gas equation.
used.
If
C iodine
The C
responses
2C(s)vapour
A Dacts
+ to3H
The reactant (g) as
should
+ be
2particles
anOideal
1 selected
collide →gas,
on
2(g) more
what
the =isnRT
the
basis
Cfrequently
2HpV
5OH(g)
oftemperature
when of–3the
0.05 mol dm Naiodine vapour?
2 12 2S2O3 is used.

A
D 300
The
where K
reaction
each B
proceeds
A +symbol has 600 K
by aBdifferent C 300 000 K D –3 600S000
C 0.05 mol dm Na2D
pathway when 2O3 K
is used.
D 2C(g) 6H(g) + its usual
O(g) → meaning.
C2H5OH(l)
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
Which1,statements
2 and 3 are correct?
1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only
36 Which stage in the free
that radical substitution of ethane by chlorine will have the lowestusing
activation
99
Enthalpy changes
are
AData Booklet areonly
difficult
are
B toto measure directly
only are C can often be isdetermined
D Hess’ Law
Use of the
energy?
1 construct
One mole is relevant this question.
to correct an of an ideal
enthalpy gas occupies
cycle.
correct the correct
same volume undercorrectthe same conditions of
temperature and pressure.
In
A anCl1,2experiment,
2→and
2Cl3● 12.0 dm31 of andoxygen,
2 measured2 and 3 room conditions,
under 1 only is used to burn
Which
2 The
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are
density
change
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is gas
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only areby X in the enthalpy
only cycleproportional
are shown? toisthe temperature,
No other combination
completely 0.10 molofanofideal
statements isatused
propan-1-ol. constant
as a pressure is inversely
correct response.
B ClT. ●correct
+ C2H6 → C2H5● + correct HCl correct correct
C(s) + 2H2(g) + 2O2(g)
What is the final volume
C C H ● + Cl → C H Cl + Cl ●
of gas, measured under room conditions?
3 relative
31 The The
2 5volume 2of a given
2 5 mass of an ideal gas is doubled if its temperature is raised from 25 °C
molecular mass, Mr, of a particular sample of chlorine is 72.0.
No othertocombination of statements
°C 3at constant
50dm pressure. is used as a correct3response.
AD 7.20
Cl ● + C2H5● → BC2H8.405Cl
dm3 C 16.8 dm D X18.00 dm3
Which properties of the atoms in this sample will be the same for all of the atoms? [S’12 P13 Q33]
10
634
76 A
32 1Use of the borrowed
student
radius
Measured
Data Booklet
values of the
is relevant
a friend’s
pressure,
to this question.
chemistry
volumenotes and copied of
and temperature outathe notes
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mass of box below.
a gaseous
2compound
In which are
pairs
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to4be
both
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2O2(g)have
into the
the equation pV = of
same number nRT. CO2(g)
unpaired + 2H2O(l)
p electrons?
Which statements are correct?
+ are used to calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of a compound.
3The measurements
1 isotopic
O and Clmass
A – 4 × the enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen
2A gas
Which behaves
F+ conditions
and Ga– ofless like an
pressure ideal
and gas when
temperature the gas
would give the most accurate value of Mr?
B + 4 × the enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen
32 Which of the following
+ influence the size of the ionisation energy of an atom?
31 Pisand
at Ne
low pressure.
C – 2 × pressure
the enthalpy oftemperature
formation of water
1 the amount of shielding by the inner electrons
2A is at low temperature.
high high
+ 2 charge
2D the × the enthalpy of formation
on the nucleus of water
3B can behigh easily liquefied.low
3 the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus
C low high [W’14 P12 Q34]
35 OnD being heated,
low hydrogen low iodide breaks down more quickly than hydrogen chloride.
733 Which equations can apply to an ideal gas?
[p =2014
© UCLES pressure, V = volume, M = molar mass, 4 ρ = density, c = concentration, R = gas constant,
9701/11/M/J/14
TWhich statements explain this faster rate?
= temperature]
87 Use
9 Which
of solid contains
the Data more
Booklet than onetokind
is relevant thisofquestion.
bonding?
ρRT cRTthe HCl3bond.
11 pThe = HI bond is 2 weaker
pV =than pV = MRT
A 2014
copper
© UCLES
When an Mevacuated fluorescent M light tube 9701/12/M/J/14
of volume 300 cm3 is filled with a gas at 300 K and
© UCLES 2012
2 The reaction
B kPa,
101 the massofofthe
diamond thebreakdown of 9701/11/M/J/12
tube increases HI by
has1.02
a smaller
g. The activation
gas obeysenergy thangas
the ideal that of[W’15
[Turn HCl. P12 Q33
over
equation
pV = nRT.
3C ice
The breakdown of HI is more exothermic than that of HCl.
What is the identity of the gas?
D magnesium oxide
A
36 Which argon
statements about calcium oxide are correct?
B krypton
1 It reacts with cold water.
C neon
© UCLES 2013
2 9701/13/O/N/13
It is produced when calcium nitrate is heated. [Turn over
D nitrogen
3 It can be reduced by heating with magnesium.

10 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to produce9701/12/O/N/15

© UCLES 2015
ammonia. [Turn over
37 Propanal will react with hydrogen cyanide to form 2-hydroxybutanenitrile. A suitable catalyst for
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
this reaction is sodium cyanide. 2NH3(g)

A mixture of 1.00 mol of nitrogen, 3.00 mol of hydrogen and 1.98 mol of ammonia is allowed to
reach equilibrium in a sealed vessel under certainNaCN
conditions. It was found that 1.64 mol of
nitrogen were present inCH
the
3CH CHO
equilibrium
2 + HCN
mixture. CH3CH2CH(OH)CN

What isstatements
Which Kc under
the value of about thethese conditions?
reaction of propanal with hydrogen cyanide are correct?
CEDAR COLLEGE GAS LAWS WS 2
2
.70)– ion attacks the propanal molecule to form an intermediate ion.
1
A The(0CN
CEDAR COLLEGE
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2 The product of the reaction has a chiral carbon atom.
(1.34 )2
B The CN– ion
3 (1.64 )(3.64 )3 is a stronger electrophile than the HCN molecule.
Gas Laws 3
(1.64 )( 4.92)3
C 2014
© UCLES 9701/12/O/N/14
(0.70)2
 PAGE30263
6

(b) A flask with a volume of 100 cm3 was first weighed with air filling the flask, and then with
another gas, Y, filling the flask. The results, measured at 26 C and 1.00 105 Pa, are shown.

Mass of flask containing air = 47.930 g

Mass of flask containing Y = 47.989 g

Density of air = 0.00118 g cm–3

Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of Y.

Mr of Y = .................................... [4]

(c) Although nitrogen gas makes up about 79% of the atmosphere it does not easily form
compounds.

(i) Explain why nitrogen is so unreactive.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the conditions in a car engine lead to the production of oxides of nitrogen.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Give an equation for a reaction involved in the removal of nitrogen monoxide, NO, from a
car’s exhaust gases, in the catalytic converter.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2015 9701/21/M/J/15

CEDAR COLLEGE GAS LAWS WS 1

Gas Laws 4