Terminal Report

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL NORTE STATE UNIVERSITY

Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte
LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 5
Bioefficacy Trial
SCORE: _________/100
RUBRICS
WEIGHTS CRITERIA DESCRIPTION SCORES
The procedure could be

The procedure is well The procedure does not
more efficiently designed,
designed and allows control allow control of all variables
but it allows control of all
of all variables selected. All selected. Many stages of
20 Procedure variables selected. Most
stages of the procedure are the procedure are not
stages of the procedure
entered on the lab report. entered on the lab report.
are entered on the lab
(20) (5)
report. (10)
While conducting the
procedure, the student is
While conducting the While conducting the
mostly tidy, sometimes
procedure, the student is procedure, the student is
respectful of others,
Courtesy and tidy, respectful of others, untidy, not respectful of
10 sometimes mindful of
safety mindful of safety, and others, not mindful of
safety, and regularly
regularly monitored and safety, and does not
monitored and maintained
maintained the area. (10) maintain the area. (3)
the area after being
reminded. (5)
Raw data, including units,

Raw data, including units, Raw data, including units,
are recorded although not
are recorded in a way that are not recorded in a way
as clearly or appropriately
15 Data collection is appropriate and clear. that is appropriate and
as they might be. The title
The title of the data table is clear. The title of the data
of the data table is
included. (15) table is not included. (5)
included. (10)
Data are presented in
Data are presented in ways ways (charts, tables,
(charts, tables, graphs) that graphs) that can be
best facilitate understood and
Data are presented in ways
understanding and interpreted, although not
Data analysis (charts, tables, graphs) that
interpretation. Error as clearly as they might
25 and are very unclear. Error
analysis is included. Also, be. Error analysis is
interpretation analysis is not included. No
interpreted well the data included. Also, does not
interpretation at all. (5)
based on scientific basis clearly interpreted the data
and applies Horti 2 based on scientific basis
principles. (25) and applies Horti 2
principles.(15)
The results are interpreted
The results are not
The results are fully and compared with
interpreted in a logical way
interpreted and compared literature values, but not
or compared with literature
with literature values. The as fully as they might be.
values. The limitations and
Evaluation of limitations and weaknesses The limitations and
30 weaknesses are not
experiment are discussed and weaknesses are
discussed, nor are
suggestions are made as to discussed, but few or no
suggestions made as to
how to limit or eliminate suggestions are made as
how to limit or eliminate
them. (30) to how to limit or eliminate
them. (10)
them. (20)
1
EVALUATE DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

IN GROWING BOUGAINVILLEA
An Undergraduate Proposal
Surigao Del Norte State University
In Partial Fulfilments of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
BY:
MARTINEZ,MERYDAISY A.
MATILDO,LEAH MIE M.
LOMOTOS,JEMSON GIL G.
MALAZA,KAYEZEL M.
MACULA,JOHNEREY O.
MACULA,JAYMARK B.
MANLIGUES, ALEX A.
MANUNGAS,MARY ROSE B.
January 2023
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 4
Framework of the Study 5
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 6
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitation 7
Definition of Terms 7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Synthesis of CHAPTER the review 8
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY 10
Results 11
Discussion 11
Conclusion 12
Recommendations 12
Documentation 13
REFERENCES 16
APPENDIX 17
3
CHAPTER 1
Introduction:
Bougainvillea spectabilis (Family;Nyctaginaceae) plant known with 18 species of
foundation, originating in South America. It has been shown to possess anticancer,
antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant,
and antiulcer properties.
Bougainvillea is a popular ornamental, mostly valued for its multi coloured bracts. It
can be used in the garden as a shrub, climber, and pot plant or as a specimen plant. In the
Philippines, it is locally known as bougambilia or bougie. It grows a woody vine or shrub,
reaching 15 to 40 feet (4.6-12.2 m) with a heart shaped leaves and thorny, pubescent stems.
Bougainvillea plant it is used in beautification of landscape and road side planting.
Bougainvillea provides hedges; barriers and beautiful showy bracts make it popular plant for
landscape. These plants are propagated from cutting, budding, by ground or air layering
methods. The best planting seasons is rainy. (Krishan Kumar Singh, Shiv Pratap Singh,
Brahmanand Bairwa, Js Chauhan).
Bougainvillea plants are heavy feeders that instantly absorb all available nutrients
the soil can offer. If the same nutrients are not replenished, then your Bougainvillea vines will
decay, which you would not want for sure. To avoid this havoc from happening, get the best
Bougainvillea fertilizer for your garden. Our team tested the best Bougainvillea fertilizers and
has created a list of the organic and synthetic fertilizer available on the environment’s which
is carabao dung and vermicast for organic fertilizer, urea and complete stand for the
synthetic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are best to grow bougainvillea with heavy blossoms
and best growth of your plants. The plant care requires high macronutrient content that can
best improve the soil conditions when preparing the ground for planting bougainvillea. The
best fertilizers have been discussed in this laboratory experimentation and you can choose
the most appropriate according to the fertilizers that apply in this study. Bougainvilleas are
heavy feeders and need to be fertilized at least once monthly with an all-purpose fertilizer.
Be advised that if you don’t fertilize your bougainvillea, it will stop blooming after a while. The
best way to care for bougainvillea is to fertilize it every two weeks with liquid fertilizer or
apply an all-purpose organic fertilizer. A growing bougainvillea plant needs phosphate and
nitrogen plant food to flower, so make sure to use a bougainvillea food containing these
elements to ensure proper blooming.
4
Never feed your bougainvillea plants when their root system is dry. If the soil is too
dry and it’s time for fertilization, water the plant and then wait for one day before feeding.
The effect of different mixed fertilizers on the growth and development in Stevia Rebaudiana
Bertoni had been studied in the open field. The results showed that the growth rate, plant
height, stem thickness, leaf areas and dry matter weight using organic cultivation were less
than that of using the chemical fertilizers in the early stage after transplanting. But 60 days
after transplanting, there were no significant differences among the treatments in agronomic
characters besides the no applying fertilizer treatment. However, there were significant
differences in growth and development between organic cultivation and using the chemical
fertilizers in 80 days after transplanting.
Framework of the Study

This study is anchored on the theories designed to observe the effects of different
organic and synthetic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of the flowers (Hunkair). Well
known for dependability and versatility, arborvitaes (Thuja spp.) enjoy widespread popularity
in American landscapes. A favourite for hedges, screens, and low-maintenance landscapes,
these undemanding evergreens ask little in return for lasting beauty. Arborvitaes rarely need
supplemental fertilizer when sited properly and cared for well.
The research paradigms in Figure 1 illustrate the theorized relationship of the

organic fertilizer and synthetic fertilizer. The first box shows the carabao dung and vermicast
fertilizer which mean it apply as natural materials to support the flower. The third box is
composes by the urea and complete which mean a product that made by human discovery.
Carabao Manure. Carabao manure is organic fertilizer that is made from thewastes of
domesticated water buffaloes. Horse manure serves as a good all-purpose fertilizer, even
though it's not particularly high in nutrients.
Vermicast. Is an organic/natural fertiliser that is created by using composting earthworms.
These earthworms are placed in a container which is filled with compost. The worms make
their way through the food and excrete what we call Vermicast.
Complete Fertilizer. Provides plants with a balance mix of the three primary macronutrients
(NPK) that they need to grow and thrive.
Urea. Has hish nitrogen composition and consequent low transport storage cost.
5
This study was intended to shield some light on the recurrent necessity of finding
ways and means in providing the farmers learning-process which would lead to develop a
quality to apply products from the flowers that found from the environment which mean to
avoid wasting money and consume needed time.
DIFFERENT
Organic fertilizer FERTILIZER IN
 Carabao Synthetic fertilizer
GROWING
Dung  Complete
 Vermicast BOUGAINVILLEA  Urea
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study
Statement of the Problem

This study would determine the Evaluate General Activity in Different Fertilizer in Growing
Bougainvillea Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. To differentiate which fertilizer is the most effective in growing bougainvillea.
2. To determine the most feasible fertilizer in bougainvillea production.
3. Is there a significant difference on the evaluation of organic fertilizer and synthetic
fertilizers?
Hypothesis
The following hypothesis Was tested in this study:
Ho1. There is no significant difference between the evaluation of organic fertilizer and
synthetic fertilizers.
Ho2. There is a significant difference on the evaluation of organic fertilizer and synthetic
fertilizers.
6
Significance of the Study

The study focus on the evaluate different fertilizers in growing bougainvillea, the
findings of the study would contribute and would benefit the following:
Bougainvillea. Is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging
to the four o’ clock family, Nyctaginaceae.
Farmers. Floriculture enriches the lives of millions of people every year and is an
industry attractive to both scientist and artist. The term Floriculture is derived from Latin, and
means “to cultivate flowers.”
Learners. The developed module can be used as an aid in their everyday learning;
they can grasp more information using a concise module tailored to their needs Future
School. An educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning
environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is limited among the following aspects:
Content. Generally the purpose of this study is to find out the effective fertilizers that
help the bougainvillea grow healthy and bloom, by evaluate general activity in this two group
of fertilizer.
Experimentation. This study would utilized by the group of assign learners namely
nd
the 2 grade of Bachelor of Agricultural Technology.
Time and Place. The study is conducted over three months of October, November,
and December 2022 in School nursery.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined to guide readers to have clear minds as
to its use and purposes.
 Bougainvillea. Is a genus of thorny ornamental vines, bushes, and trees belonging
to the four o' clock family, Nyctaginaceae.
 Fertilizer. Is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to
plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.
 Feasible. Possible to do easily or conveniently.
7
 Organic Fertilizer. Contain pant or animal-based material that are either a by-
product or end product of naturally occurring processes, such as animal manure and
composted organic material.
 Synthetic Fertilizer. Are man-made combinations of chemicals and inorganic
substances.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The implementation and enforcement of the European Circular Economy Action Plan
(CE Package, December 2015) has led into an increased interest in using organic waste
streams as a source for production of different types of organic fertilisers. Furthermore, the 4
promille initiative, as presented by France during the COP21, promotes the use of organic
products towards increasing the organic matter content of soil with 4 promille each year.
Organic-rich waste streams, such as sewage-sludge, food- and feed-waste and surplus
manure in areas with intensive animal husbandry, differ in composition. Consequently, the
organic fertilisers produced from them differ in composition, and, therefore, also in
agronomic value, impact on soil quality and environmental losses.
This study focuses on the development of a framework to evaluate organic fertilisers
that are known, as well as new ones. In the report, the conceptual approach is described. It
will be followed up by other studies for testing the derived concept. Within the framework,
four major aspects regarding the use of organic fertilisers were discussed and evaluated in
order to bring forward a first concept or approach: (1) Characterisation of the organic
fertilisers, (2) Soil quality from an agronomic point of view, (3) Environmental- and health
aspects and (4) Economic aspects. Although there is a lot of information already published
on each of these aspects, as well as some combined aspects, an integrated methodology to
evaluate different types of organic fertiliser is lacking. Starting from peer reviewed literature,
literature available in reports, and expert knowledge (internal and external), a general
methodology was set up. Regarding the characterisation of organic fertilisers and the
product quality, a listing of chemical-, physical- and biological parameters is shown for
different types of reasonably well-known organic fertilisers (manure, compost, digestate,
biochar and growing media). From an agronomic point of view, the focus is often on
parameters that are relevant to assess the plant availability of nutrients (nutritional value),
the organic matter content and the biodegradability of the organic matter.
8
Although the listing of relevant chemical-, physical- and biological parameters can be
defined, there are a wide variety of analytical methods and protocols to determine the value;
sometimes even within well-known groups of organic fertilisers (standards for
manure/digestate, compost, biochar and growing media; resp. Annexes 8-11). For each new
organic fertiliser, the group it belongs needs to be decided. If this is not possible, a proposed
set of standard analysis will be used (that require definition in the next stage).
This is also the case for the biodegradability / stability of the organic matter, since
several approaches are available and the outcome is very relevant for the assessment of the
short and long-term impacts on soil quality in terms of agronomic- and environmental
aspects. Regarding the characterisation of soil quality, a large number of potential indicators
have been extensively studied. Literature research was also carried out to determine the
parameter values that correspond to the different analytical procedures that have been
published, or are currently in use by international laboratories to determine fertiliser
recommendations for the farmer.
Alongside the determination of the current quality of the soil, the long-term impact of
applied organic fertilizers on soil quality (and the environment) requires quantification. This
has to be done by means of model calculations, because the time-span of the decomposition
of applied organic matter and release of minerals vary from a few to many decades. Based
on a literature study, the model, MITERRA, was selected as it can be used to describe the
carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus turnovers in soils, and the associated emissions to air
and water. In this model, the well-known ROTHC description was used to describe organic
carbon pools. Furthermore, the fate of heavy metals can be directly linked to this selected
model.
An important follow up activity of the underlying study was to translate the organic
fertilizer characterisation parameters and measured biodegradability into the model
parameters. Within this integrated characterisation – biodegradability - model approach, the
most recent insights regarding the decomposition and role of organic carbon pools were
taken into account. This can lead to additional parameters to characterisation organic
fertilisers that are highly relevant in determining the long-term impact of organic fertilisers in
soils.
9
CHAPTER 3
This chapter presents the methodology, result, discussion, and recommendation to
provide the overview of this study Evaluate General Activity in Different Fertilizer in Growing
Bougainvillea.
METHODOLOGY
Time and Place.
This study preparation started in the Month of September 30, 2022 at 2:30 Pm,
located at Purok-4 Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao Del Norte-Surigao Del Norte State
University.
Preparation Management
1. Soil Mixture. Planting bougainvillea, it is important to used a soil mixed that has the
appropriate pH. The soil mix should be a combination of equal parts peat moss, loam, and
sand. This soil mix will help to maintain the ideal pH for the bougainvillea.
2. Sacking. The process or method of soil mixture by using polyethylene. In sacking, mixed
soil placed inside of polyethylene bag.
3. Cutting of Mother Plant (Bougainvillea). A mother plant is specifically grown to provide

cuttings for starting new plants. The cutting will be genetically identical to the mother, which
should choose a mother that is a strong grower with good genetics. In other words, a healthy
plant. The proper cutting of bougainvillea stem is simply cut 6-8 inches of an existing plant.
4. Planting of Bougainvillea. Planting bougainvillea should in cutting method, end of buried

in-premoistened media by 1-1/2 inches.
5. Applying Fertilizer. The exact amount of fertilizer to applied is around 0.3 g in synthetic
fertilizer and in organic fertilizer is 2 grams.
6. Observation on Growing Bougainvillea Cutting. As the results given in evaluating
different fertilizer in growing bougainvillea using the method of cuttings has a big significant
differences on the organic and synthetic fertilizer.
10
RESULTS
The Results of this laboratory experiment was to evaluate different fertilizer in
growing bouaginvillea. Each of the groups in the experiment used different treatment.
Table 1. Survival rate of bougainvillea or rated by different fertilizers.

Treatments I II III Total Average/Mean
T1-Carabao
80% 20% 20% 120 40%
Manure
T2-Vermicast 60% 60% 40% 160 53.33%
T3-Complete 40% 20% 60% 120 40%
T4-Urea 20% 100% 80% 200 66.67%
The experimentation is conducted by the used of groups fertilizer into four treatment,
these are Carabao Manure and Vermicast belong in organic fertilizer, Urea and Complete
present to Synthetic fertilizer. Based from the observation of this laboratory as the given
result, the treatment 3 which is Urea fertilizer has the highest total average of 66.67%, it
means that using or applying urea fertilizer in bougainvillea has positively in terms of growth
and flowering to increasing amounts of urea treatment. The next set of bougainvillea
treatment was Vermicast (Organic Fertilizer, the second treatment) received 53.33% out of
100% growing of bougainvillea. Most of the flowers were in healthy condition at the end of
the experiment by the two different fertilizers. Whereas, Carabao Manure and Complete
fertilizer had an equal average with 40%. The overall component of computing the growth of
bougainvillea by the use of organic ans synthetic fertilizers that each group result. From the
table above this is the total computation that shows justice result from the experimentation.
DISCUSSION
This review discusses the survival rate on bougainvillea, which urea treatment has
the highest percentage with 66.67 % that urea is one of the most extensively used chemical
nitrogen fertilizers as well as the primary raw ingredients in the NPK( Complete Fertilizer)
because in complete fertilizer have a low though it called complete which has nitrogen,
11
Phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen supports vegetative growth, phosphorus improves

roots and flowering, potassium strengthens resistance to environmental assaults from
extreme temperature to pest attack. As what we observed in our study, the most feasible
and effective fertilizer in growing bougainvillea was achieved by urea fertilizer among the
three fertilizers. The main function of urea fertilizer is to provide the plants with nitrogen to
promote green leafy growth and make the look lush. It also aids the photosynthesis process
of plants and nitrogen provide only primarily used for bloom growth.
CONCLUSION
This study show that Urea fertilizer treatment is the strongly source affects the growth
and to have a good quality of bougainvillea. Bougainvillea flower fertilized with controlled-
release Ureas were the largest, had the most flowers, and the least chlorosis and
leafspotting. Thus, bougainvillea growers should use controlled-release urea fertilizers and
avoid using other treatment that is not capable for optimum plant growth and quality.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Some has research confirmed the positive effect of using urea fertilizer in growing
bougainvillea or other plants. On the other hand, Urea has the highest, percentage; Urea
plays an important part in growing bougainvillea by promoting urea treatment.
In the present study, it took month/s to grow bougainvillea as what other treatment
observation. However, some flower in every treatment has bloom and in a healthy condition.
Highly recommended based of what we studied, the Treatment 4 which is the Urea
fertilizer which has 66.67% of their germinated cuttings. This will be the best and satisfied of
making Bougainvillea cutting based of what we observed and evaluation in different
treatment we provide.
12
DOCUMENTATION
13
14
15
REFERENCES
ASTM, 1996. Standard test method for determining the stability of compost by
measuring oxygen consumption. American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, D 5975-96.
Adani, F., P. Lozzi & P. Genevini, 2001. Determination of biological stability by
oxygen uptake on municipal solid waste and derived products. Compost Science and
Utilization 9(2): 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2001.10702031
Barrena Goméz, R., F. Vázquez Lima, M.A. Gordillo Bolasell, T. Gea & A. Sánchez
Ferrer, 2005. Respirometric assays at fixed and process temperatures to monitor
composting process. Bioresource Technology 96: 1153-1159. DOI:
10.1016/j/biotech.2004.09.026.
Barrena Gómez, R., F. Vázquez Lima & A. Sánchez Ferrer, 2006. The use of
respiration indices in the composting process: a review. Waste Manage Res 24:37-47. DOI
10.1177/0734242X06062385. Barrena, R., T. Geo, S. Ponsá, L. Ruggieri, A. Artola, X. Font
& A. Sánchez, 2013. Categorizing raw organic material biodegradability via respiration
activity measurement: a review. Compost Science and Utilization 19(2): 105-113.DOI
10.1080/1065657X.2011.10736985.
Binner, E., K. Böhm & P. Lechner, 2012. Large scale study on measurement of
respiration activity (AT4) by Sapromat and OxiTop. Waste Management, 32 (10): 1752-1759.
Gea, T., R. Barrena, A. Artola & A. Sánchez, 2004. Monitoring the Biological Activity
of the Composting Process: Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR), Respirometric Index (RI), and
Respiratory Quotient (RQ). Biotechnology and bioengineering 88 (4): 520-527. DOI:
10.1002/bit.20281
16
Hermann, R.F. and J.R. Shann, 1993. Enzyme activities as
indicators of municipal solid waste compost maturity. Compost Sci. Util. 1(4): 54-63.
Horiuchi, J.I., K. Ebie, K. Tada, M. Kobayashi & T. Kanno, 2003. Simplified method
for estimation of microbial activity in compost by ATP analysis. Bioresource Technol.
86(1):95-98. Iannotti, D.A., T. Pang, B.L. Toth, D.L. Elwell, H.M. Keener, H.A.J. Hoitink,
1993. A quantitative respirometric method for monitoring compost stability. Compost Science
and Utilization, 1 (3) (1993), pp. 52-65. Jourdan, B., 1982. Standardizing Selected Methods
for Determining the Degree of Maturity Decomposition of Municipal Composts. Abfall
Wirtschaft Forschungsbericht. Univ. Stuttgart Jourdan, B., 1988. Indications for Determining
the Degree of Maturity Decomposition of Municipal Solid Waste and Sludge Composts
(Zur Kennzeichnung Rottesgrades von Mull- und Mullklarschlammkomposten) Erich

Schmidt Verlag.
Teglia, C., A. Tremier & J.L. Martel, 2011. Characterization of solid digestates: Part
2, Assessment of the quality and suitability for composting of six digested products. Waste
Biomass Valor 2: 113- 126. DOI 10.1007/s12649-010-9059-x
Oviedo-Ocaňa, E.R., P. Torres-Lozada, L.F. Marmoleja-Rebellon, L.V. Hoyos, S.
Gonzale, R. Barrena, D. Komilis & A. Sanches, 2015. Stability and maturity of biowaste
compost derived by small municipalities: correlation among physical, chemical and biological
indices. Waste Management 44: 63-71.
Tiquia, S.M., J.H.C. Wan & N.F.Y. Tam, 2002. Dynamics of yard trimmings
compositing as determined by dehydrogenase activity, ATP content, arginine
ammonification, and nitrification potential. Process Biochem. 37 (10): 1057-1065.
Wagland, S.T., S.F. Tyrrel, A.R. Godley & R. Smith, 2009. Test methods to aid in the
evaluation of the diversion of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) from landfill. Waste
Management 29: 1218- 1226. DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.024.
Zheng, W., F. Lü, S.C. Bolyard, L. Shao, D.R. Rinhart & P. Eh, 2015. Evaluation of
monitoring indicators for the post-closure care of a landfill for MSW characterized with low
lignin content. Waste Management 36: 222-229.
APPENDIX
17
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Carabao DUNG Vermicast Complete Urea
Figure 1.2 The overall result percentage of the treatment Bougainvillea
The Urea fertilizer is collected a highest treatment of bougainvillea in the total of

66.67% followed by Vermicast 53.33 % and the same collected treatment of carabao dung
and complete in 40% of collection.
18

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Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL NORTE STATE UNIVERSITY

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 5

WEIGHTS CRITERIA DESCRIPTION SCORES

The procedure could be

Raw data, including units,

EVALUATE DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

In Partial Fulfilments of the Requirements for the Degree

Framework of the Study 5

Statement of the Problem 6

Significance of the Study 7

Scope and Limitation 7

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Synthesis of CHAPTER the review 8

Framework of the Study

The research paradigms in Figure 1 illustrate the theorized relationship of the

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitation of the Study

3. Cutting of Mother Plant (Bougainvillea). A mother plant is specifically grown to provide

4. Planting of Bougainvillea. Planting bougainvillea should in cutting method, end of buried

Table 1. Survival rate of bougainvillea or rated by different fertilizers.

T2-Vermicast 60% 60% 40% 160 53.33%

T3-Complete 40% 20% 60% 120 40%

T4-Urea 20% 100% 80% 200 66.67%

Phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen supports vegetative growth, phosphorus improves

(Zur Kennzeichnung Rottesgrades von Mull- und Mullklarschlammkomposten) Erich

Figure 1.2 The overall result percentage of the treatment Bougainvillea

The Urea fertilizer is collected a highest treatment of bougainvillea in the total of

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