Name: AU Yui Ki Student ID: 20956633 Section: LA5

Department of Chemistry
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Score:
CHEM 1055 Laboratory for General Chemistry II 2022-23 Spring
Lab Report 4: Thermodynamics of Dissolution (To be submitted in Week 10)
of Borax [Total: 10 points]

PART I. Experimental Results

Complete the following data table. [1 point]

exact molarity of the standard HCl solution used = 0.2006 M

Water Bath
Hot Room Temp. Cold
(°C) (to the nearest 0.2 °C) 45.0 24.0 0.00
Temp., T
(K)* (in 2 decimal places) 318.15 296.35 273.15
Final Burette Reading (mL)
14.72 38.20 40.80
(to the nearest 0.02 mL)
Initial Burette Reading (mL)
0.00 30.74 38.10
(to the nearest 0.02 mL)
Volume of HCl Solution Titrated (mL)
14.72 7.46 2.70
(in 2 decimal places)
* T (K) = T (°C) + 273.15

PART II. Questions (Note: round off all numerical answers to three significant figures)
1. Calculate the molarity of B4O5(OH)42- ion in the saturated borax solution for each set of
experiments by following the steps below. [1 point]
2-
Step 1. Calculate the number of moles of B4O5(OH)4 ion present in 5 mL of the solution.
Step 2. Calculate the molarity of B4O5(OH)42- ion in the solution.
a) For each step, write down the formula for the calculation.

Step 1. n B O (OH ) 2−¿

¿ = Number of moles of HCl solution titrated / 2
4 5 4

Step 2. ¿= Number of moles of (B4O5(OH)4)2- ion present in 5 mL / (5/1000)

b) Complete the following table by filling in the calculated values.

 Water Bath
Hot Room Temp. Cold

n B O (OH ) 2−¿
¿ (mol.) 1.48*10^-3 7.48*10^-4 2.708*10^-4
4 5 4

¿ (M) 0.295 0.150 0.0542

2. Calculate the solubility product ( K sp ) of borax for each set of experiments. [1 point]
a) Write down the formula for K sp in terms of ¿.

K sp = [ B4O5(OH)42- ]* ([ B4O5(OH)42- ]*
2 )^2

b) Complete the following table by filling in the calculated values.

Water Bath
Hot Room Temp. Cold

K sp (M3) 0.103 0.0135 6.37*10^-4

3. Complete the following table. [1 point]

Water Bath
Hot Room Temp. Cold
1
(K-1) 3.14*10^-3 3.37*10^-3 3.66*10^-3
T

ln K sp -2.27 -4.31 -7.36

 1
4. Use a computer to plot a scatter plot of ln K sp against in accordance with the following
T
requirements. [2
points]
To the scatter plot:
i. label all axes; and
ii. add a linear trendline with its equation and R2 value clearly displayed.

𝑙𝑛𝐾_𝑠𝑝 against 1/𝑇

0
3.10E-03 3.20E-03 3.30E-03 3.40E-03 3.50E-03 3.60E-03 3.70E-03
-1
-2
-3 f(x) = − 9819.58762886598 x + 28.641735395189
R² = 0.997741053567704
lnK_sp

-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
1/T (K^-1)

5. Calculate the enthalpy change (∆ H ° ), entropy change (∆ S ° ) and Gibbs free energy change (
∆ G ° ) for the dissolution of borax in water at 25 °C. [3
points]
(Given: ideal gas constant, R = 8.314 × 10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1)
∆H° Slop of the above graph* R* -1
=
= -9819.6* (8.314*10^-3)*-1
= 81.6 kJ mol-1
∆ S° y-intercept of the above graph * R
=
= 28.642 * (8.314*10^-3)
= 0.238 kJ mol-1 K-1
∆G° H° – TS°
=
= 81.6-0.238*298.15
= 10.6 kJ mol-1

6. Based on the results, comment on the thermodynamics and spontaneity of the dissolution of
borax in water at 25 °C. [1 point]
 thermodynamics: endothermic exothermicsponta not spontaneous
neity:
spontaneous
***Remember to insert the image of the signed Data Sheet to Appendix on the last page.***

PART III. Appendix

Please scan/photograph the signed Data Sheet as .jpeg file and insert the file below.
(make sure your personal details, data and Staff’s/TA’s signature are clearly displayed)
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