Electrochemistry 2

Worksheet#02 A2 Electrochemistry
CHEMISTRY
A2
WORKSHEET#2
Electro Chemistry
COMPILED BY:
KAMRAN SHAHZAD
 Cell# 0314 538 9234
 E-mail: shahzadkamran@hotmail.com
Q1. (a). (i). Define the term standard cell potential,
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
The following incomplete diagram shows the apparatus that can be used to
measure the for a cell composed of the Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ag+/Ag half-cells.
[1]
(ii). Complete the diagram, labelling the components you add.
(iii). Identify the components A-D
A ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
D ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3]
(b). (i). Use values to write an equation for the cell reaction that takes place if
the two electrodes in (a) are connected by a wire and the circuit is
completed
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
(ii). Another electrochemical cell was set up using 0.31 mol dm-3 Ag+(aq) instead
of the standard Ag solution.
Use the Nernst equation, and the relevant
values to calculate the new in this experiment.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 2
= ……………………………………..V
[2]
M/J-16/41
Q2. (a). (i). Draw a fully labelled diagram of the equipment needed to measure the
voltage of an electrochemical cell consisting of the standard hydrogen
electrode and the standard Cu/Cu2+ electrode.
[4]
(ii). For the cell drawn in (i), calculate the and state which electrode is
positive.
= ...…………………………. identity of the positive electrode ……………………

[1]
-5 -3
(b). A monobasic acid, D, has Ka = 123 x 10 mol dm .
(i). Calculate the pH of a 0.100 mol dm-3 solution of D.
pH= …………………………………………
[2]
(iii). An electrochemical cell similar to the one you have drawn in (c)(i) was set up
using a 0.100 mol dm-3 solution of D in the hydrogen electrode instead of
the standard solution.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 3
Use the data and the Nernst equation, to

calculate the new in this experiment.
= ……………………………………… V
[2]
M/J-16-42
Q3. X is a metallic element.
(a). (i). Draw a fully labelled diagram to show how the standard electrode
potential, of X2+(aq)/X(s) could be measured.
[4]
(ii). What are the conditions needed for the value measured to be a standard
electrode potential?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
(iii). State the charge carries that transfer current through
The solutions, ………………………………… the wire ………………………………..

[1]
(b). An electrochemical cell was set up consisting of an X2+(aq)/X(s) half-cell
and an Ag+(aq)/A(s) half-cell
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 4
(i). Write an equation for the reaction that would take place if the electrodes
of this cell were connected by a wire.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
When the current was allowed to pass for a period of time,
 The Ag electrode gained 130 g in mass,

 The electrode made of metal X lost 0.67 g in mass
(ii). Calculate the Ar of metal X; hence suggest an identity for X.

Show all your working. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Ar = ………………………………..
X is …………………………………
[4]
O/N-15-42
Q4. Chlorine gas and iron(II) ions react together in aqueous solution as shown.
(a). (i). Complete and label the diagram to show how the standard cell potential,
for the above reaction could be measured at standard conditions.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 5
[4]
(ii). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the for this reaction
[1]
(b). What colour change would you see when chlorine gas is bubbled through a
Solution containing Fe2+(aq) ions until the reaction is complete?
…………………………………………………………………………………................................................
[1]
-
(c). Predict the effect, if any, of decreasing the concentration of Cl (aq) on the
magnitude of the cell potential in (a)(ii). Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(d). (i). A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that can be used to generate electrical
energy.
In the alkaline hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, H2(g) and O2(g) are passed over
two inert electrodes immersed in an alkaline solution.
Write the half-equation for the reactions taking place at each of these
electrodes.
Hydrogen electrode …………………………………………………………………………………
Oxygen electrode ………………………………………………………………………………………

[2]
(ii). Construct an equation for the overall reaction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 6
[1]
(iii). Suggest one possible advantage of using a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell over a
conventional ‘simple cell’ battery.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
O/N-15-43
Q5. (a). An electrochemical cell is set up as follows.
(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the value of under standard
conditions, stating which electrode is the positive one.
= …………………………………. positive electrode: ……………………..............

[1]
(ii). How would the actual of the above cell compare to the under
standard conditions? Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(iii). How would the of the above cell change, If at all, if a few cm3 of
concentrated Na2SO4(aq) were added to
 the beaker containing
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
 The beaker containing Ag2SO4(aq)?
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 7
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(iv). Explain any changes in you have stated in (iii).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(b). Solution of iron(III) sulfate are acidic due to the following equilibrium.
Calculate the pH of a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3.
pH = ……………………………….
[2]
M/J-15-41
Q6. (a). (i). State the relationship between the Faraday constant and the Avogadro
constant.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(ii). When a current of 1.2A was passed through dilute sulfuric acid for 30
minutes, it was found that 130 cm3 of oxygen, measured at 25oC and 1
atm, was collected at the anode.
The following reaction takes place.
Use these data and data from the Data Booklet to calculate a value for the
Avogadro constant, L, by calculating
 the number of moles of oxygen produced,

 the number of moles of electrons needed for this,
 the number of coulombs passed,
 the number of electrons passed,
 the number of electron in one mole of electrons (l).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 8
L= ………………………………………………………. mol-1
[4]
M/J-15-41
Q7. (b). The following diagram shows the apparatus used to measure the
standard electrode potential, E , of a cell composed of a Cu(II)/Cu electrode and an
Fe(II)/Fe electrode.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 9
(i). Finish the diagram by adding components to show the complete circuit.
Label the components you add.
(ii). In the spaces below, identify or describe what the four letters A-D represent.
A ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
D. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the E , for this cell.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv). Predict how the size of the overall cell potential would change, if at all, as
the concentration of solution C is increased.
Explain your reasoning.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[8]
(c). The iron (II) complex ferrous bisglycinate hydrochloride is sometimes prescribed, in
capsule form, to treat iron deficiency or anaemia.
A capsule containing 500 mg of this iron (II) complex was dissolved in dilute H 2SO4
and titrated with 0.0200 mol dm-3 KMnO4.
18.1 cm3 of KMnO4 solution were required to reach the end point.
The equation for the titration reaction is as follows.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 10
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
(i) Describe how you would recognize the end point of this titration.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii). Calculate
 The number of moles of Fe2+ in the capsule,
 The mass of iron in the capsule,
 The molar mass of the iron (II) complex, assuming 1 mol of the complex
contains 1 mol of iron.
[4]
M/J-14-41
Q8. Lead (II) chloride, PbCl2, can be used in the manufacture of some types of coloured glass.
PbCl2 is only sparingly soluble in water. The [Pb2+] in a saturated solution of PbCl2 can be
estimated by measuring the cell potential, Ecell, of the following cell.
(a). In the spaces below, identify what the four letters A-D in the above diagram
represent.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 11
A. …………………………………………………… B. ……………………………………………………
C. …………………………………………………… D. ……………………………………………………
(b). In a saturated solution of PbCl2, [PbCl2(aq)] = 3.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3.
(i). The E® for the Pb2+/Pb electrode is -0.13 V. Predict the potential of the right-
hand
electrode in the diagram above. Indicate this by placing a tick in the
appropriate box in the table below.
Electrode Place one tick only

potential/V In this column
-0.17
-0.13
-0.09
0.00
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]
M/J-14-42
Q9. (a). What is meant by the term standard electrode potential, SEP?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2]
(b). Draw a fully labeled diagram of the apparatus you could use to measure the SEP of
the Fe3+/Fe2+ electrode.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 12
[5]
M/J-13-41
Q10. (a). (i). With the aid of a fully-labelled diagram, describe the standard hydrogen
electrode.
(ii). Use the data booklet to calculate the standard cell potential for the reaction
between Cr2+ ions and Cr2O72- ions in acid solution, and construct a balanced
equation for the reaction.
= ………………………. V
equation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). Describe what you would see if a blue solution of Cr2+ ions was added to an
acidified solution of Cr2O72- ions until reaction was completed.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[8]
M/J-13-42
Q11. (a). The diagram below shows an incomplete experimental set-up needed to
measure the Ecell of a cell composed of the standard Ce2+/Cu electrode and an
Ag+/Ag electrode.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 13
(i). State the chemical composition of
Solution A, …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Electrode B. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Complete the diagram to show the whole experimental set-up.

[4]
(b). The above cell is not under standard conditions, because the [Ag+] in a saturated
solution of AgCl is much less than 1.0 mol dm-3. The E electrode is related to [Ag+] by the
following equation.
Equation 1
(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the if the cell was operating under
standard conditions.
= ………………………………. V
In the above experiment, the Ecell was measured at +0.17V.

(ii). Calculate the value of Eelectrode for the Ag+/Ag electrode in this
experiment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). Use equation 1 to calculate [Ag+] in the saturated solution.
[Ag+] = …………………………….. mol dm-3

[3]
O/N-12-42
Q12. (a). State the relationship between the Faraday constant, F, the charge on the electron,
e, and the Avogadro number, L.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 14
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b). If the charge on the electron, the A r and the valency of copper are known, the value
of the Avogadro number can be determined experimentally. This is done by passing
a known current for a known time through a copper electrolysis cell, and weighing
the mass of copper deposited onto the cathode.
(i). Draw a diagram of suitable apparatus for carrying out this experiment.
Label the following: power supply (with + and – terminals); anode; cathode;
and ammeter.
State the composition of the electrolyte.
The following are the results obtained from one such experiment.
Current passed through the cell = 0.500 A
Time current was passed through cell = 30.0 min
Initial mass of copper cathode = 52.243 g
Final mass of copper cathode = 52.542 g
(ii). Use these data and relevant information from the Data Booklet to calculate
a value of L to 3 significant figures.
L = …………………………………………………
[9]
M/J-11-42
Q13. The electrolytic purification of copper can be carried out in an apparatus similar to the one
shown below.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 15
The impure copper anode contains small quantities of metallic nickel, zinc and silver,
together with inert oxides and carbon resulting from the initial reduction of the copper ore
with coke. The copper goes into solution at the anode, but the silver remains as the metal
and falls to the bottom as part of the anode ‘sludge’. The zinc also dissolves.
(a). (i). Write a half equation including state symbols for the reaction of copper at
the anode.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Use data from the Data Booklet to explain why silver remains as the metal.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). Use data from the Data Booklet to predict what happens to the nickel at the
anode.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv). Write a half equation including state symbols for the main reaction at the
cathode.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v). Use data from the Data Booklet to explain why zinc is not deposited on the
cathode.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi). Suggest why the blue colour of the electrolyte slowly fades as the
electrolysis proceeds.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 16
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[7]
(b). Most of the current passed through the cell is used to dissolve the copper at the
anode and precipitate pure copper onto the cathode. However, a small proportion
of it is ‘wasted’ in dissolving the impurities at the anode which then remain in
solution.
When a current of 20.0 A was passed through the cell for 10.0 hours, it was found
that 225 g of pure copper was deposited on the cathode.
(i). Calculate the following, using appropriate data from the Data Booklet.
 Number of moles of copper produced at the cathode.
 Number of moles of electrons needed to produce this copper.
 Number of moles of electrons that passed through the cell.
(ii). Hence calculate the percentage of the current through the cell that has been
‘wasted’ in dissolving the impurities at the anode.
[4]
(c). Nickel often occurs in ores along with iron. After the initial reduction of the ore with
coke, a nickel-iron alloy is formed.
Use data from the Data Booklet to explain why nickel can be purified by a similar
electrolysis technique to that used for copper, using an impure nickel anode, a pure
nickel cathode, and nickel sulfate as the electrolyte. Explain what would happen to
the iron during this process.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 17
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2]
O/N-10-41
Q14. Chlorine is manufactured by the electrolysis of brine, NaCl(aq). At the cathode, H 2(g) and
OH-(aq) are produced, but the product at the anode depends on the [NaCl(aq)] in the
solution. Either O2(g) or Cl2(g) is produced.
(a). The equation for the cathode reaction is
Starting from neutral NaCl(aq), write equations for the production at the anode of
(i). O2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii). Cl2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(b). For electrolysis to occur, the voltage applied to the cell must be at least large as the
, as calculated from standard electrode potentials.
Use the Data Booklet to calculate for the production at the anode of
(i). O2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii). Cl2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2]
(c). (i). By using one of the phrases more positive, less positive or no change, use
the equations you wrote in (a) to deduce the effect of increasing [Cl-(aq)] on
 The E anode for the production of O2(g), …………………………………………………
 The E anode for the production of Cl2(g). ……………………………………………….
(ii). Hence explain why the Cl2(g) : O2(g) ratio increases as [NaCl(aq)] increases.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 18
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
(d). Sodium chlorate (V) is prepared commercially by electrolyzing NaCl(aq) in a cell

which allows the cathode and anode electrolytes to mix.
The cathode reaction is the same as that described in (a).
The equation for the anode reaction is
(i). Construct an ionic equation for the overall reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii). Calculate the mass of NaClO3 that is produced when a current of 250 A is
passed through the cell for 60 minutes.
Mass of NaClO3 = ……………………………………………. g

[4]
O/N-10-43
Q15. Although standard electrode potentials are measured for solutions where the
concentrations of iron are 1.0 mol dm-3, cells used as sources of battery power tend to
concentrated
operate with more solutions. This question concerns the electrode reactions
involved in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and the lead-acid car battery.
(a). In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, H2(g) and O2(g) are fed onto two inert electrodes
dipping into NaOH(aq).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 19
The following reactions take place.

Left hand electrode (cathode):
Right hand electrode (anode):
(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate for this reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). By using one of the phrases more positive, more negative or no change,
deduce the effect of increasing [OH-(aq)] on the electrode potential of
 the left hand electrode …………………………………………………………………….
 The right hand electrode …………………………………………………………………….
(iv). Hence deduce whether the overall E cel is likely to increase, decrease or
remain the same, when [OH-(aq)] increases. Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v). Suggest one other reason why a high [NaOH(aq)] is used in the fuel cell.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[6]
(b). In the cells of a lead-acid car battery the following reactions take place.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 20
Cathode:
Anode:
(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate for this reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The electrolyte in a lead-acid cell is H2SO4(aq). Most of the Pb2+ (aq) ions that
are produced at the electrodes are precipitated as the highly insoluble
PbSO4(s).
(iii). Construct an equation for the overall cell reaction in the presence of H2SO4.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv). By considering the effect of decreasing [Pb2+(aq)] on the electrode

s potentials of the cathode and the anode, deduce the effect of the presence
of H2SO4(aq) in the electrolyte on the overall E cell.
State whether the Ecell will increase, decrease or remain the same.
Overall Ecell will ……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[5]
M/J-10-41
Q16. The design and development of batteries has been a major research area in recent years.
(a). Lead-acid batteries, used in cars, are made up of a number of rechargeable cells in
series, and were first developed in 1860. They have the disadvantage of a relatively
highly mass compared to the energy stored. During discharge, the electrode
reactions in the cells of these batteries are as follows.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 21
State which of these reactions occurs at the positive electrode in a lead-acid cell
during discharge, explaining your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1]
(b). Use the Data Booklet and the equations I and II above to calculate the voltage
produced by a lead-acid cell under standard conditions.
[2]
(c). Nickel-metal hydride batteries were developed in the 1980s and have become
increasingly common particularly for small devices such as mobile phones and
digital cameras that need near-constant sources of electrical energy. These cells use
nickel oxoydroxide (NiO(OH)) as one electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy such
as LiNi5 as the other electrode.
One reaction that takes place in these batteries is
(i). Stat the oxidation state of nickel in NiO(OH) . …………………………
(ii). Suggest a likely advantage of these batteries compared with lead-acid

batteries.
[
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(d). Hydrogen fuel cells have been suggested as the next major advance in electrically
powered vehicles. In these fuel cells hydrogen is oxidized to produce water, using a
catalyst and inter electrodes.
(i). Suggest a material for the electrodes.
………………………………………………………………………………………
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 22
(ii). Use your knowledge of hydrogen to suggest a disadvantage of these fuel
cells in powering vehicles.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(e). Many of the world’s countries are developing ways of recycling materials which are
valuable or which require large amounts of energy to produce.
For each of the following recyclable materials, state whether recycling of this
material is important in saving energy or in saving resources. Use your knowledge of
chemistry to explain each choice.
Glass …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Steel …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Plastic……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3]
M/J-10-42
Q17. (d). Tin forms an oxide, A, that contains the metal in both oxidation states II and IV. The
formula of A can be found by the following method.
 A sample A was dissolved in H2SO4(aq), producing solution B, which was a

mixture of tin (II) sulfate and tin (IV) sulfate
 A 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was titrated with 0.0200 mol dm-3 KMnO4.
13.5 cm3 of KMnO4 was required to reach the end-point.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 23
 Another 25.0 cm3 sample of solution B was stirred with an excess of powdered
zinc. This converted all the tin into tin (II). The excess of zinc powder was filtered
off and the filtrate was titrated with 0.200 mol dm-3 KMnO4, as before.
The equation for the reaction occurring during the titration is as follows.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Zn and Sn4+.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the EΘ values for the reactions between.
 Zn and Sn4+ ......…………………………………………………………………………………
 MnO-4 and Sn2+ …………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). Use the results of the two titrations to calculate

 The number of moles of Sn2+ in the first titration sample.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 The number of moles of Sn2+ in the second titration sample.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv). Use the results of your calculation in (iii) to deduce the Sn2+/Sn4+ ratio in the
oxide A, and hence suggest the formula of A.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[8]
(e). A major use of tin is to make ‘tin plate’, which is composed of thin sheets of mild
steel electroplated with tin, for use in the manufacture of food and drinks cans. A
tin coating of 1.0 x 10-5.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 24
(i). Calculate the volume of tin needed to coat a sheet of steel 1.0 m x 1.0 m to
this thickness, on one side only.
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii). Calculate the number of moles of tin that this volume represents.
[The density of tin is 7.3 g cm-3].
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii). The solution used for electroplating contains Sn 2+ ions. Calculate the
quantity of electricity in coulombs needed to deposit the amount of tin you
calculated in (ii).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [4]
O/N-09-41
Q18. Chlorine gas and iron (II) ions react together in aqueous solution as follows.
(a). The following diagram shows the apparatus needed to measure the for the
above reaction.
(i). In the spaces below, identify what the five letters A - E in the above
diagram represent.
A. ……………………………………………………………
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 25
B. ……………………………………………………………
C. ……………………………………………………………
D. ……………………………………………………………
E. ……………………………………………………………
(ii). Use the Data Booklet to calculate the for this reaction, and hence
decide which direction (left to right, or right to left) electrons would flow
through the voltmeter V when switch S is closed.
= …………………………………………………….. V
Direction of electron flow ……………………………………………………….

[7]
M/J-08-04
Q19. (a). In a methanol-oxygen fuel cell, CH3OH(I) and O2(g) are in contact with two inert
electrodes immersed in an acidic solution.
The half-equation for the reaction at the methanol electrode is shown.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 26
(i). Use the Data Booklet to write an equation for the overall reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(ii). Use value to calculate the or this reaction.
= ………………………………….. V
[1]
O/N-18-41
Q20. (a). Complete the table, identifying the substance liberated at each electrode during
electrolysis with inert electrodes.
[3]
(b). Molten calcium iodide, CaI2, is electrolyzed in an inert atmosphere with inert
electrodes.
(i). Write ionic equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(ii). The electrolysis of molten CaI2 is a redox process.

Identify the ion that is oxidized and the ion that is reduced, explaining your
answer by reference to oxidation numbers.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 27
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2]
(iii). Describe two visual observations that would be made during this
electrolysis.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(c). An oxide of iron dissolved in an inert solvent is electrolyzed for 2.00 hours using a
current of 0.800 A. the electrolysis products are iron and oxygen. The mass of iron
produced is 1.11g.
Calculate the oxidation number of Fe in the oxide of iron. Show all your working.
Oxidation number of Fe = …………………………………..

[3]
M/J-18-41
Q21. (a). Complete the table by predicting the identity of the substance liberated at each
electrode during electrolysis with inert electrodes.
[3]
(b). (i). The electrolysis of molten ZnBr2 is a redox process.

Identify the ion that is oxidized and the ion that is reduced.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 28
Use ionic half-equations to explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
(ii). describe one visual observation that would be made during this
electrolysis.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
(c). Dilute sulfuric acid is electrolyzed for 50.0 minutes using inert electrodes and a
current of 1.20 a. A different gas is collected above each electrode. The volumes of
the two gases are measured under room conditions.
Calculate the maximum volume of gas that could be collected at the cathode.
Volume = ………………………………………… cm3

[3]
M/J-18-42
Q22. (a). Define the term standard cell potential.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b). (i). Draw a fully labelled diagram of the experimental set-up you could use to
measure the standard electrode potential of the Pb2+(aq)/Pb(s) electrode.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 29
Include the necessary chemicals.
[4]
(ii). The for a Pb2+(aq)/Pb(s) electrode is – 0.13 V.
Suggest how the E for this electrode would differ from its value if the
concentration of Pb2+(aq) ions is reduced. Indicate this by placing a tick ()
in the appropriate box in the table.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(c). Car batteries are made up of rechargeable lead-acid cells. Each cell consists of a
negative electrode made of Pb metal and a positive electrode made of PbO 2. The
electrolyte is H2SO4(aq).
When a lead-acid cell is in use, Pb2+ ions are precipitated out as PbSO4(s) at the
negative electrode.
(i). Calculate the mass of Pb that is converted to PbSO4 when a current of 0.40 A
is delivered by the cell for 80 minutes.
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 30
Mass of Pb = …………………………………….. g
[2]
(ii). Complete the half-equation for the reaction taking place at the positive
electrode.
[1]
(d). The diagram shows how the voltage across two different cells changes with time
when each cell is used to provide an electric current.
Suggest a reason why

 The voltage of the lead-acid cell changes after several hours.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 The voltage of the fuel cell remains constant.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
O/N-17-41
Q23. An electrochemical cell consists of a half-cell containing V3+(aq) and V2+(aq) ions and
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 31
another half-cell containing VO2+(aq) and VO2+(aq) ions.
(a). (i). Use data from the Data Booklet to calculate a value for the
= …………………………………. V
[1]
(ii). Write the ionic equation for the cell reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(iii). Draw a fully labelled diagram of the apparatus you could use to measure the
potential of this cell. Include the necessary chemicals.
[4]
(b). Use data from the Data Booklet to predict whether a reaction might take place
when the following pairs of aqueous solutions are mixed. If a reaction occurs, write
an equation for it and calculate the .
 V2+(aq) and Sn4+(aq)
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 32
Does a reaction occur? ……………………………………
Equation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..
 V2+(aq) and Fe3+(aq)

Reduce oxidized
Does a reaction occur? ……………………………………
Equation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..
[3]
O/N-17-42
Q24. (a). (i). The equation for which ∆H is the lattice energy for MgCl is shown.
Use the equation, the following data, and relevant data from the Data
Booklet to calculate a value for the lattice energy of MgCl. You might find it
helpful to construct an energy cycle.
Electron affinity of Cl(g) = - 349 kJ mol-1
enthalpy change of atomization of Mg(s) = + 147 kJ mol-1
enthalpy change of formation of MgCl(s) = - 106 kJ mol-1
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 33
lattice energy MgCl = ………………………………….. kJ mol-1

[3]
(ii). Suggest how the lattice energies of MgCl2 and NaCl will compare to that of
MgCl.
Explain your answers.
MgCl2 and MgCl ……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
NaCl and MgCl ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3]
(b). Define the term electron affinity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
O/N-17-42
ANSWERS SHEET
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 34
1. (a). (i). SCP is the EMF / potential of a cell composed of two electrodes (OR half cells) under standard
conditions
(OR at 289 K OR 1 mol dm-3) [1]
(ii). voltmeter and salt bridge [1]
(iii). A is Ag
B is Ag+ (aq) or AgNO3(aq)
C is Pt
D is Fe2+ (aq) and Fe3+(aq) [3]
(combination of A and B can be reversed with combination of C and D)
(b). (i). [1]
(ii). [1]
[1]
2. (a). (i).
M1: voltmeter / V and salt bridge labelled

M2: cu and Cu2+ / CuSO4 (any soluble Cu(II) salt)
M3: H2 (arrow in) and H+ / HCL / H2SO4 / any mineral acid
M4 Pt and one solution at 1 M / 1 mol dm-3 OR H2 at 1 atm
(ii). = 0.34 (V) and (Cu2+) / Cu is the positive electrode [1]

(b). (i). [2]
pH = 3.0 (2.96) ect from [H+]

(ii). [2]
3. (a). (i). M1: salt bridge and voltmeter/ [4]

M2: method of H2 gas delivery
M3: X and Pt electrode labelled
M4: solution H+ / HCl(aq) / H2SO4 and X2+ labelled
(ii). 25 oC / 298 K and 1 atm / 101 kPa pressure and 1 mol dm-3 (solution) [1]
+ 2+
(iii). solution – ions or H and X [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 35
(b). (i). [1]
(ii). moles Ag = 1.30 / 107.9 = 0.0120 [4]
+
1 moles of X react with 2 moles Ag
moles of X lost = 0.012 x 0.5 = 0.00602
Ar of X = 0.67 / 0.006 = 111 – 112 and X = Cd
4. (a). (i).
 Fe2+ and Fe3+ (or suitable compounds), [4]

 salt bridge labelled,
 one electrode Pt labelled,
 one soln 1 mol dm-3
 Cl- (or suitable compound),
 voltmeter, labelled or V
 Cl2,
 1 atm or 298 K
(ii). = 1.36 – 0.77 = 0.59 V [1]

(b). yellow / orange / brown [1]
(c). cell voltage increases or becomes more positive [2]
-
Cl2 / Cl electrode potential increases
(d). (i).
` (ii). [1]
(iii). rechargeable / refillable / longer time between charges / longer battery life / les pollution because
H2O is the product / O2 can be got from the air [1]
5. (a). (i). ( = 0.80 – 0.77 =) (+) 0.03 V and Ag+ / Ag or Ag / silver or right [1]
(ii). Ecell would be less positive / more negative [1]
+ -3
because the [Ag (aq)] (in the Ag electrode) is less than 1.0 mol dm
(iii).
no change [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 36
more negative / less positive [1]
+
(iv). The [Ag (aq)] will decrease
Eelectrode becomes less positive or due to the common ion effect [1]
(b). [Fe3+(aq)] = 0.2 mol dm-3 [1]
[1]
6. (a). (i). F = Le [1]

(ii). moles of O2(g) = 130 / 24000 = 5.417 x 10-3 mol [1]
-3 -2
moles of electrons needed = 4 x 5.417 x 10 or 2.17 x 10 mol
no. of coulombs passed = 1.2 x 30 x 60 or 2160 C [1]
no of electrons passed = 2160 / 1.6 x 10-19 or 1.35 x 1022 [1]
no. of electrons per more = 1.35 x 1022 / 2.17 x 10-2 = 6.2 x 1023 (mol-1) [1]
7. (b). (i). components to be added: voltmeter or V [1]
Salt bridge [must be labelled] [1]

(ii). M1: A and B copper (metal) or Cu and iron (meta) or Fe [1]
-3
M2: either c or D as 1 mol dm /1M [1]
2
M3: C and D Cu + or CuSO4 or CuCl2 or Cu (NO3)2 etc. and
Fe2+ or FeSO4 etc. [1]
(iii). = 0.34 + 0.44 = 0.78 (V) [1]
2+ 2+
(iv). If C is Fe ; (as [C] increases), the E of the Fe /Fe increases /becomes more positive/less negative [1]
So the overall cell potential/Ecell would decrease/become less positive/more negative [1]
or
If C is Cu2+; (as [C] increases), the E of the Cu2+/Cu increases/becomes more positive/less negative [1]
So the overall cell potential/Ecell would increase/become more positive/less negative [1]
(c). (i). (colour change is) colourless to pink/pale purple
or (end point is the first) permanent (pale) pink/pale purple colour [1]
4- -4
(ii). {n(MnO ) = 0.02 x 18.1/1000 = 3.62 x 10 mol}
n(Fe2+) = 5 x n(MnO4-) = 1.81 x 10-3 mol [1]
-3
mass of Fe = 55.8 x 1.81 x 10 = 0.101 g (M2 x 55.8) ecf [1]
Mr = mass moles = 0.500/1.81 x 10-3 = 276.2 ecf [1]
8. (a). A: voltmeter or V or potentiometer [1]
B: platinum or Pt [1]
-3 +
C: 1 mol dm and H or HCl (or 0.5 M H2SO4) [1]
D: lead (metal) or Pb [1]
(b). (i). a in the box next to - 0.17 V [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 37
A comment that the [Pb2+] has decreased plus a description of the outcome, e.g. as [Pb2+] decreases
(from 1 mol dm-3), Pb2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Pb(s) goes over to the left hand side, or as [Pb2+] decreases, Pb2+ is
less likely to be reduced. [1]
2+ - 2
(ii). (Ksp =) [Pb ][Cl ] [1]
-2 2+ -2 - -2
(iii). If [PbCl2] = 3.5 x 10 , [Pb ] = 3.5 x 10 and [Cl ] = 7.0 x 10
So Ksp = (3.5 x 10-2) x (7.0 x 10-2)2 = 1.715 (1.7) x 10-4 mol3 dm-9 (≥ 2sf) [1] + [1]
9. (a). The potential of an electrode compared to that of a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
or
the EMF of a cell composed of the test electrode and the SHE [1]
-3
all measurement concentrations of 1 mol dm and 298 K/1 atm pressure [1]
(b).
10. (a). (i).
(ii). = 1.33 – (0.41) = 1.74 V [1]

-2 2+ 3+
Cr2O + 14H + 6Cr
7 BCr + 7H2O [1]
(iii). Colour would change from orange to green [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 38
11. (a). (i). A = CuSO4 [1]
B = silver [1]
(ii). Salt bridge [1]
Voltmeter [1]
(b). (i). 0.80 – 0.34 = (+) 0.46 V [1]
(ii). If E cell = 0.17, this is 0.29 V less than the standard [1]
So EAg electrode must = 0.80 – 0.29 = 0.51 V [1]
+ + -5 -3
(iii). 0.51 = 0.80 + 0.06 log [Ag ], so [Ag ] = 10 (-0.29/0.06) = 1.47 x 10 mol dm ecf from (II) [1]
12. (a). L = F/e or F = Le [1]
(b). (i).
correct cell (2 electrodes + PS circuit) [1]

ammeter in series [1]
anode and cathode of the right polarity [IN WORDS] [1]
2+ -3
CuSO4(aq) or CuCl2(aq) or Cu (aq) or soln or 1 mol dm [1]
-3 -3
(ii). n(CU) = (52.542 – 52.243)/63.5 = 4.71 x 10 mol (4.67 x 10 ) [1]
- -3 -3 -3
n(e ) required = 4.71 x 10 x 2 = 9.42 x 10 mol (9.34 x 10 ) ecf [1]
amount of electricity passed = 0.5 x 30 x 60 = 900 C [1]
21
no. of electrons passed = 900/1.6 x 10-19 = 5.625 x 10 ecf [1]
- 21 -3 23 -1 23
no of electrons/n(e ) = L = 5.625 x 10 /9.42 x 10 = 5.97 x 10 mol (6.02 x 10 ) ecf [1]
(values in italics are if candidate has used Ar = 64, not 63.5. No last mark if not 3 s.f.: correct
ans = [5]).
13. (a). (i). Cu(s) – 2e- Cu2+ (aq) allow electrons on RHS [1]
(ii). for Ag+/Ag is + 0.80V which is more positive than + 0.34V for Cu2+/CU,
so it’s less easily oxidized (owtte) [1]
(iii). for Ni2+ is -0.25V, [1]
Ni is readily oxidized and goes into solution as Ni2+ (aq) [1]
(iv). Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) [1]
(v). for Zn2+/Zn is negative / = -0.76V so Zn2+ is not easily reduced. [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 39
(vi). The blue colour fades because Cu2+ (aq) is being replaced by Zn2+ (aq) or Ni2+ (aq)
or [Cu2+] decreases. [1]
(b). amount of copper = 225/63.5 = 3.54 (3) mol [1]

amount of electrons needed = 2 x 3.54 = 7.08/9 (7.087) mol [1]
5
no. of coulombs = 20 x 10 x 60 x 60 = 7.2 x 10 C
no. of moles of electrons = 7.2 x 105/9.65 x 104 = 7.46 mol [1]
percentage ‘wasted’ = 100 x (7.461 – 7.087) / 7.461 = 5.01 (5.0) % (accept 4.98 – 5.10) [1]
(c). data : Ni2+/ Ni= - 0.25V

Fe2+ / Fe = - 0.44V [1]
Because the Fe potential is more negative than the Ni potential, the iron will dissolve. [1]
14. (a). (i). 2H2O – 4e 4H++ O2 [1]
(ii). 2Cl- - 2e Cl2 [1]
(b). (i). = (1.23 – (-0.83)) = 2.06V [1]
(ii). = (1.36 – (-0.83)) = 2.19V [1]

-
(in (i) if (a)(i) as 4(OH ) – 4e 2H2O + O2 ecf is 0.4 – (- 0.83) = 1.23 [1]
(c). (i). no change (because [H2O] does not change [1]
Smaller/less positive [1]
(ii). the (overall) for Cl2 production will decrease, (whereas that) for O2 production will stay the same.
(answer could be in terms of 1st decreasing and becoming lower than 2nd) (or for Cl2 becomes
less than for O2) [1]
(d). (i). Cl- + 3H2O ClO3- + 3H2 [1]
5
(ii). n(C) = 250 x 60 x 60 = (9 x 10 C) [1]
n(e-) = 9 x 105/96500 = 9.33 mol
n(NaClO3) = 9.33/6 = (1.55 mol) – allow ecf [1]
Mr(NaClO3) = 106.5
mass (NaClO3) = 1.55 x 106.5 = 165.5 g [1]
15. (a). (i). = 0.40 – (- 0.83) = 1.23V [1]

(ii). 2H2 + O2 2H2O [1]
(iii). LH electrode will become more negative [1]
RH electrode will also become more negative/less positive [1]
(iv) no change ecf from (iii) [1]
(v). increased conductance or lower cell resistance or increased rate of reaction [1]
(b). (i). = 1.47 – (- 0.13) = 1.60V [1]
(ii). PbO2 + Pb + 4H+ 2Pb2+ + 2H2O [1]
+ 2-
(iii). PbO2 + Pb + 4H + 2SO4 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 40
(iv). cell will increase [1]

2+
as [Pb ] decreases, Eelectrode (PbO2) will become more positive, but Eelectrode (Pb) bill become more
negative. [1]
16. (a). less soluble down group [1]
Lattice energy and hydration energies both decrease (i.e. become less negative) [1]
But H.E. decrease more (than L.E.) or change in H.E. out weights L.E. [1]
So ∆ H sol becomes more endothermic/less exotheric. [1]
(b). (i). for Mg: ∆ H = 2993 – 1890 – (2 x 550) = (+) 3 (kJ mol-1) [1]
for Sr: ∆ H = 2467 – 1414 – (2 x 550) = - 47 (kJ mol-1) [1]
(ii). Sr(OH)2 should be more soluble in water, and ∆ H is more exothermic/negative

[1]
Assuming ‘other factors’ (e.g. ∆ S , or temperature etc.) are the same

[1]
(iii). Sr(OH)2 should be less soluble in hot water, because ∆ H is negative/exothermic [1]
17. (d). (i). Zn + sn4+ Zn2+ + Sn2+ [1]
(ii). Eθ = 0.15 – ( – 0.76) = 0.91 V [1]

Eθ = 1.52 – 0.15 = 1.37 V [1]
(iii). n(Sn2+) = 0.02 x 13.5/1000 x 5/2 = 6.75 x 10-4 mol use of the 5/2 ratio [1]
correct rest of working [1]
n(Sn2+) = 0.02 x 20.3/1000 x 5/2 = 1.02 x 10-3 mol [1]
(iv). n(Sn4+) = 1.02 x 10-3 – 6.75 x 10-4 = 3.45 x 10-4 mol [1]
ratio = 6.75/3.45 = 1.96:1 ≈ 2:1 [1]
formula is 2SnO + SnO2 Sn3O4 (condl on calculation, but allow ecf) [1]
-5 -5 3 3
(e). (i). volume = 1 x 1 x 1 10 = 1 x 10 m or 10 cm [1]
(ii). mass = vol x density = 10 x 7.3 = 73 g ecf [1]
moles = mass/Ar = 73/119 = 0.61 mol ecf [1]
4 5
(iii). Q = nFz = 0.61 x 9.65 x 10 x 2 = 1.18 (1.2) x 10 coulombs ecf [1]
18. (a). (i). A is Cl2/chlorine [1]
B is NaCl or HCl or Cl- [or words], etc. [1]

C is salt bridge or KCl/KNO3, etc. [1]
D is platinum/Pt
E is Fe2+ + Fe3+ or mixture of Fe(II) + Fe(III) salts [1]
- -3
mention of standard conditions ([Cl ] of 1 mol dm or Cl2 at 1 atoms
or T = 25oC/298 K) [1]
(ii). Eθ = Eθ R - Eθ L = 0.77 – 1.36 = (-) 0.59 (V) (ignore sign) [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 41
(since R.H. electrode is negative) electrons flow (from right) to left or to the chlorine electrode or
anticlockwise or from (beaker) E to (beaker) B. [1]
19. (a). (i). [1]

(ii). = 1.23 – 0.02 = 1.21 V [1]
20. (a).
[3]
(i). [1]
[1]
(ii).
 Ca/Calcium reduced and I/iodine oxidized
 Oxidation number of calcium decreases from 2 to 0
 Oxidation number of iodine increases from – 1 to 0 [2]
2 points = 1 mark
3 points = 2 marks
(iii).
 Metal/grey/silver
 Purple AND vapour/gas/fumes
 Amount of melt decreases [1]
Any 2 points for 1 mark
(c). 2 x 60 x 60 x 0.8 = 5760 C AND 5760/96500 = 0.060 (0.0597) F [1]
1.11/55.8 = 0.020 (0.0199) mol of Fe [1]
0.06/0.02 = Fe3+ or +3 or 3 [1]
21. (a).
[3]
(b). (i). [1]
[1]
Zinc/Zn2+ reduced and Br-/bromide oxidized [1]

(ii). liquid/molten metal
Or orange-brown/reddish brown vapour/gas (at anode)
Or amount of melt/electrolyte decreases [1]
(c).
 50 x 60 x 1.20 or 3600 C (calculation of number of Coulombs)
 3600/96 500 or 0.0373 F (calculation of number of Faradays)
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 42
 0.0373 F/2 or 0.01865/0.0187 mol H2 (use of stoichiometry)
 0.01865 x 24 000 = 448 – 449 (use of 24 000 & answer to 3sf) [3]
2 points = 1 mark
3 points = 2 marks
4 points = 3 marks
22. (a). The potential difference between two hal-cells/two electrodes (in a cell) [1]
-3
Under standard conditions of 1 atm, 298K, (all) solutions being 1 mol dm [1]
(b). (i).
8 marking points, any 2 points for each mark

H2/hydrogen
Correct delivery system for H2
Pb2+ (aq)
Pb electrode
Pt electrode
H+ (aq) solution
Salt bridge
Voltmeter/V labelled [4]
(ii). more negative [1]
2+
Shifts Pb (+ 2e-) Pb equilibrium/reaction to the left [1]
(c). (i). Q = 0.4 x 80 x 60 = 1920 and use of 96500/193000
Moles of Pb = 1920/193000 = 9.95 x 10-3
Mass of Pb = 207.2 x 9.95 x 10-3 = 2.1 g [2]
OR
Q = 0.4 x 80 x 60 = 1920 C and use of 1.6 x 10-19/1.2 x 1022
Atoms Pb = 6 x 1021; moles of Pb = 6 x 1021/6 x 1023 = 0.01
Mass of Pb = 207.2 x 0.01 = 2.1 g
(ii). [1]
(d). Reagents/PbO2/H2SO4 and used up/concentration decreases [1]
as fuel/hydrogen is being continuously supplied/fuel has not run out [1]
Q23. (a). (i). [1]
(ii). [1]
(iii).
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 43
Solutions labelled correctly in one half-cell [1]

Solutions labelled correctly in both half-cells [1]
Tow graphite or platinum electrodes [1]
Salt bridge and voltmeter [1]
(b).
24. (a). (i). - 106 = 147 + 121 + 736 + (- 349) + lattice energy
Lattice energy = - 761 [3]

(ii). MgCl2 more exothermic/negative/bigger than MgCl and NaCl more exothermic/negative/bigger
than MgCl [1]
2 2+
(reason for MgCl ) higher charge/lower radius of Mg cation [1]
+
(reason for NaCl) smaller radius of Na cation [1]
(b). energy change when 1 more of atoms/ions each gain an electron
Or energy change when 1 more of atoms/ions gain 1 more of electrons [1]
Gaseous [1]
KAMRAN SHAHZAD 44

Electrochemistry 2

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Worksheet#02 A2 Electrochemistry

(iii). Identify the components A-D

= ...…………………………. identity of the positive electrode ……………………

(i). Calculate the pH of a 0.100 mol dm-3 solution of D.

Use the data and the Nernst equation, to

(iii). State the charge carries that transfer current through

The solutions, ………………………………… the wire ………………………………..

 The Ag electrode gained 130 g in mass,

(ii). Calculate the Ar of metal X; hence suggest an identity for X.

Hydrogen electrode …………………………………………………………………………………

Oxygen electrode ………………………………………………………………………………………

= …………………………………. positive electrode: ……………………..............

 the beaker containing

Calculate the pH of a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution of iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3.

 the number of moles of oxygen produced,

 The number of moles of Fe2+ in the capsule,

 The mass of iron in the capsule,

(b). In a saturated solution of PbCl2, [PbCl2(aq)] = 3.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3.

Electrode Place one tick only

Explain your answer.

(i). State the chemical composition of

(ii). Complete the diagram to show the whole experimental set-up.

In the above experiment, the Ecell was measured at +0.17V.

[Ag+] = …………………………….. mol dm-3

 Number of moles of copper produced at the cathode.

 Number of moles of electrons needed to produce this copper.

 Number of moles of electrons that passed through the cell.

(a). The equation for the cathode reaction is

(i). O2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii). Cl2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

, as calculated from standard electrode potentials.

(i). O2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii). Cl2(g), …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 The E anode for the production of O2(g), …………………………………………………

 The E anode for the production of Cl2(g). ……………………………………………….

(d). Sodium chlorate (V) is prepared commercially by electrolyzing NaCl(aq) in a cell

(i). Construct an ionic equation for the overall reaction.

Mass of NaClO3 = ……………………………………………. g

The following reactions take place.

Right hand electrode (anode):

(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate for this reaction.

(ii). Construct an equation for the overall reaction.

 the left hand electrode …………………………………………………………………….

 The right hand electrode …………………………………………………………………….

(i). Use the Data Booklet to calculate for this reaction.

(ii). Construct an equation for the overall reaction.

(iv). By considering the effect of decreasing [Pb2+(aq)] on the electrode

Overall Ecell will ……………………………………………

Explain your answer.

One reaction that takes place in these batteries is

(i). Stat the oxidation state of nickel in NiO(OH) . …………………………

(ii). Suggest a likely advantage of these batteries compared with lead-acid

 A sample A was dissolved in H2SO4(aq), producing solution B, which was a

 Zn and Sn4+ ......…………………………………………………………………………………

 MnO-4 and Sn2+ …………………………………………………………………………………

(iii). Use the results of the two titrations to calculate

 The number of moles of Sn2+ in the second titration sample.

Direction of electron flow ……………………………………………………….

(ii). The electrolysis of molten CaI2 is a redox process.

Oxidation number of Fe = …………………………………..

(b). (i). The electrolysis of molten ZnBr2 is a redox process.

Volume = ………………………………………… cm3

Explain your answer.