VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AMARAVATI ANDHRA PRADESH

Star (Y) and Delta () Transformation

Presented

by
Dr. Arvind Kumar Prajapati

(Assistant Professor Sr. Grade-1)

School of Electronics Engineering

Star (Y or T) and Delta ( or )
Transformation
Delta () to Star (Y) Conversion
 Situations often arise in circuit analysis when the resistors are neither in parallel nor in series.
 Star (Y) and Delta () are said to be equivalent if the impedance at any pair of terminals of one network is
equal to the impedance at the corresponding pair of terminals of the other network.
 In this conversion, we have to find 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 in terms of 𝑅12 , 𝑅23 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅13 .

Like series and parallel connections, the resistances may be connected in Star and Delta pattern as shown in Fig (a)
and Fig (b) respectively. In star connection:

𝑅1−2 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑅2−3 = 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 (1)
𝑅3−1 = 𝑅3 + 𝑅1
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Delta () to Star (Y) Conversion (Contd…)
In Delta connection: resistances seen from the terminals 1-2, 2-3 and 3-1 are respectively:

𝑅12 (𝑅23 +𝑅13 )

𝑅1−2 = 𝑅12 || 𝑅23 + 𝑅13 = 𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13
𝑅 (𝑅 +𝑅 )
𝑅2−3 = 𝑅23 || 𝑅12 + 𝑅13 = 𝑅22 +𝑅12 +𝑅13 (2)
12 23 13
𝑅13 (𝑅12 +𝑅23 )
𝑅3−1 = 𝑅13 || 𝑅12 + 𝑅23 = 𝑅 +𝑅 +𝑅
12 23 13

Star (Y) and Delta () are equivalent, the equations (1) and (2) are same, we can rearrange the equation as:
𝑅12 (𝑅23 +𝑅13 )
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = (3)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

𝑅22 (𝑅12 +𝑅13 )

𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = (4)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

𝑅13 (𝑅12 +𝑅23 )

𝑅3 + 𝑅1 = (5)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

Add the Equations (3) – (5) and divide the result by 2 gives:
𝑅12 𝑅23 +𝑅23 𝑅13 +𝑅13 𝑅12
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = 𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13
(6)

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Delta () to Star (Y) Conversion (Contd…)
Subtracting Equation (4) from Equation (6) gives
𝑅12 𝑅13
𝑅1 = (7)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

Subtracting Equation (5) from Equation (6) gives

𝑅12 𝑅23
𝑅2 = (8)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

Subtracting Equation (3) from Equation (6) gives

𝑅13 𝑅23
𝑅3 = (9)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

Thus, Equations (7)-(9) describe if 𝑅12 , 𝑅23 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅13 are connected in delta connected network, the corresponding
equivalent resistances in star connected network is given by 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 . In general
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑌 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = (10)
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠

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Star (Y) to Delta () Conversion
In this conversion, we have to find 𝑅12 , 𝑅23 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅13 in terms of 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 .
From Equations (7)-(9) (multiply Equations (7) and (8), (7) and (9), (8) and (9) and adding them), we get :
2 2 2
𝑅12 𝑅23 𝑅13 + 𝑅23 𝑅12 𝑅13 + 𝑅13 𝑅12 𝑅23
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1 =
(𝑅12 + 𝑅23 + 𝑅13 )2
𝑅12 𝑅23 𝑅13 (𝑅12 +𝑅23 + 𝑅13 )
=
(𝑅12 +𝑅23 + 𝑅13 )2
𝑅12 𝑅23 𝑅13
= (11)
𝑅12 +𝑅23 +𝑅13

Division of Equation (11) by Equation (9) gives

𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑅12 = =
𝑅3 𝑅3
𝑅1 𝑅2
= 𝑅1 +𝑅2 + (12)
𝑅3

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Star (Y) to Delta () Conversion
Division of Equation (11) by Equation (7) gives

𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑅23 = =
𝑅1 𝑅1
𝑅2 𝑅3
= 𝑅2 +𝑅3 + (13)
𝑅1

Division of Equation (11) by Equation (8) gives

𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅1 𝑅3 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑅13 = =
𝑅2 𝑅2
𝑅1 𝑅3
= 𝑅1 +𝑅3 + (14)
𝑅2

Thus, Equations (12)-(14) state that if the connection is in star connected network, the corresponding delta connected
network can be designed whose value of resistances are given by Equations (12)-(14).

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Star (Y) and Delta () Transformation (Contd…)
Problem 1: Consider the following 𝝅 connected network. Convert the connection into a T connected network with its
equivalent resistors.

Solution.
Here, 𝜋 connected network means the ∆ connected network. The T connected network means Star connection.
RX= (10 × 5) / (10 + 5 + 3) = 2.78 Ω
RY= (10 × 3) / (10 + 5 + 3) = 1.67 Ω
RZ= (5 × 3) / (10 + 5 + 3) = 0.83 Ω
The corresponding circuit will be as follows.

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Star (Y) and Delta () Transformation (Contd…)
Problem 2: Find power loss across 1 Ω resistor.

Solution.
Let, ∆ bcd structure can be reduced to equivalent star connected network with resistances RX, RY and RZ. The whole
modified network has been shown below:
RX = (2 × 3) / (2 + 3 + 2) = 0.86 Ω
RY = (2 × 3) / (2 + 3 + 2) = 0.86 Ω
RZ = (2 × 2) / (2 + 3 + 2) = 0.57 Ω

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Star (Y) and Delta () Transformation (Contd…)
The equivalent circuit o the above circuit can be redrawn as:

Now, calculation of resistance between b and e point is as follows:

Rbe = [ (0.86+2) || (0.86+2)] + 0.57 = 2 Ω
So, current I can be calculated as:
I = 10 / (1+2) = 3.33 A
So, power drawn = 𝐼 2 𝑅 = 3.332 × 1 =11.1 W
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