Cateel National Agricultural High School Senior High Department

Comparing the effectiveness of Online discussion and Face to face

education in fostering the students’ knowledge and skills.

By:
Jonathan Ampong
John Ver Boston

Practical Research 1

Ms. Rosemie Siarot

S. Y 2022-2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page…………………………………………………………………………………i
Table of Contents………………………….………………………………………………ii

CHAPTER 1: RATIONALE
Background of the Study……………………………………………………….1-3

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………3

Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………3

Significance of the Study…………………………………..……………………3-4

CHAPTER 2: RRL

Review of Related Literature (RRL)……………………………….…………5-12

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

Research Design…………………………………………………………………13

Respondents of the Study……………………………………………………….13

Sampling Method…………………………………………………………………13

Instrument of the Study…………………………………………………………..13

Data Gathering Instrument………………………………………………………13

Ethical Consideration……………………………………………………………..
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

Face-to-face learning is an instructional method where course content and

learning material are taught in person to a group of students. This allows for a live

interaction between a learner and an instructor. It is the most traditional type of

learning instruction.

The previous Covid-19 Pandemic has brought a huge impact to the students’

studies especially to the learning system. The first case of the Novel Coronavirus

(Covid-19) in the Philippines was confirmed on January 22, 2020 and 633 suspected

cases were reported as of March 1, 2020. Due to this rapid spread of the virus the

Philippine government quickly took an action like suspension of classes among all

levels.

Eventually, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte approved the suspension of

classes from March 11 to 14, 2020 and directed the Department of Interior and Local

Government (DILG), the Philippine National Police (PNP), and the Barangays to

serve as Truancy officers to keep students at home and away from crowded places

(Kagawaran ng Edukasyon, 2020).

The indefinite suspension of classes and the subsequent, abrupt shift to new

forms of learning modalities posed several challenges, particularly for marginalized

students, such as unequal access to gadgets and online resources. This was

another blow to country which, prior to the pandemic, was already struggling to raise

the quality of basic education.

 On October 5, 2020 is the exact day of reopening of classes of the School

Year 2020-2021 where students need to adopt the new learning style such as

modular learning and online learning.

The DepEd Secretary, Vice President Sara Duterte ordered all schools to

return to face-to-face classes in November 2021. Although, exemptions are given to

very “specific area” that hit by the Typhoon. However, most of the schools in Eastern

Visayas have already implemented face-to-face classes since September 2020

(Magsambol, 2022).

The Department of Education (DepEd) states that 27.6 million students have

enrolled for the School Year 2022-2023 and 90% of the school will have a Face-to-

face class, with some schools initially adopting the blended system of in-person and

distance learning due to lack of resources, safety issues and far-flung areas (Andaya

et al., 2022).

With the return of face-to-face education, the reactions of the students are

mixed. Many students are being excited for almost two years without face-to-face

instruction, while some are not mentally and physically prepared due to the risks that

has brought by the Covid virus. But students, teachers and even parents have to

adopt this abrupt transition since they have no choice.

As the face-to-face learning was totally reopened, this study was conducted to

compare the online education and face to face learning in fostering the students’

knowledge and skills in evidence of their academic performance.

The result of this research may help educational authorities to locate the

weaknesses strengths of students so that they can adjust and give students good
experiences to gain knowledge and improve their skills. This may also help students

to analyze their weaknesses and make it their strengths. Also, parents to be aware in

their children’s possible educational issues. Lastly, to the future researchers to help

them in gathering information in conducting their study.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of online learning and face to

face learning in fostering the students’ knowledge and skills. Especially, the

researchers want to answer the following questions:

1. What is the impact of online learning to the students’ academic performance

during face-to-face instruction?

2. Where can students express themselves more? In online learning or face to

face learning?

3. Where does the students’ grades higher? In online learning or face to face

learning?

Scope and Delimitation

This research will focus on comparing the effectiveness of online education

and face-to-face learning. The primary subject of this research will be the Senior

High School students (SHS) enrolled in the School Year 2022-2023.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this research will be significant to the following:

The School Administrators

This study is very significant to the educational authorities, school

administrators and especially to the teachers and instructors to know whether their

teaching techniques they used to engage during their discussion is helpful and

effective in fostering their students’ knowledge and skills. This study will enlighten

them to perform another way of teaching if needed to help the students better.

The students

This study is important to the students having difficulties and issues with

face-to-face learning. This will help them to locate their weaknesses and help their

selves making it as their strengths because no matter the instructors’ adjustments, if

they don’t help themselves nothing will happen.

The Community

The importance of education cannot be overestimated, as it the key to a

bright and successful future. This research is significant to our community to help our

children educated. Our educated children can help to promote understanding and

cooperation and can also help to establish positive relationships between the

community and different groups.

The future researchers

This study is significant to the future researchers because it may assist them

now or in the future in gathering information that can help them in conducting their

research.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A Face-to-face learning can be defined as teaching a group of students where

learning material and course content are being taught in person. In this type of

learning, there is a live interaction between the instructor and the learner. It often

combines different ways of learning including writing, reading, discussion,

presentations, projects, group work, film clips, demonstration and practice. While,

online learning is a form of distance education which mainly involves internet-based

education where courses are offered by synchronously or asynchronously.

Face-to-face sessions are synchronous, while no communications

technologies are required, often other technologies such as LCD cameras and

overhead projectors, are used (World Bank, n.d).

Online learning is also particularly suited for nontraditional students who

require flexibility due to work or family commitments. However, traditional face-to-

face classes are still more beneficial for learners that are not self-sufficient and lack

discipline in working through the class material in the required time frame (Arias et

al., 2018).

Face-to-face learning

The impact of the previous Covid-19 pandemic on the education system

results in widespread schools and college closures throughout the world. School

closures in response to the Covid-19 outbreak have stone light on a number of

concerns limiting educational access. The Covid-19 has had a disproportionate

impact on education, employment, and livelihood options.

 According to the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines, within the

first three months of the pandemic, the number of out-of-school youth (OSY) climbed

from 16.9% in January to 25.2% in April 2020 and up to 16 million children are at risk

of not returning to school due to the financial ramifications of Covid-19. Children may

be pulled up of school to labor and may be forced into early marriages.

For two years since the pandemic struck in March 2020, public schools’ empty

rooms and corridors in the Philippines will once again be filled with students as the

Department of Education (DepEd) formally opens the school year 2022-2023 on

Monday, August 22, 2022

By the report of CNN Philippines (2022), on Wednesday, August 17,

announced that there are 21.8 million learners who have enrolled for School Year

2022-2023 set to start next week. Based on the latest data from the Learner

Information System (LIS) for School Year 2022-2023, DepEd said that the number

registered students have reached a total of 28,797,660 million students have

enrolled for the incoming school year from all public, private and college universities.

More than 24,000 schools, or 46%, will implement five days of face-to-face classes.

While, 29,721 schools will continue to hold classes through blended learning from

August to October, according to DepEd data.

According to GMA News (2022) states that around 94% of adult Filipinos

agree that their children must be allowed to attend face-to-face classes, Pulse Asia

survey commissioned by Senator Sherwin Gatchalian showed. According to the

survey, 67% strongly agree that children should be allowed to attend school

physically or have face-to-face classes in the coming school year while 27%

somewhat agree with the idea.

 The commissioned survey was conducted from June 24 to 27 through

interview. Based on the survey, 86% from the National Capital Region (NCR), 94%

from Luzon, 97% from Mindanao want face-to-face classes to resume. The survey

also showed that 85% from classes ABC are in favor of the idea, 96% from class D,

and 92% from class E.

Additionally, from the 1,200 respondents across the Philippines, 4% cannot

say if they agree or not, 2% disagrees, 1% somewhat disagrees, and 0.4% strongly

disagrees with face-to-face classes for children.

Comparing to a survey in June 2021 which showed that only 44% of the

respondents agreed on resuming physical classes, 33% cannot say if they agree or

disagree and 23% had disagreed to face-to-face learning.

Most college students and faculty seem to share a preference for in-person,

not online instruction. According to the article of Koenig R. (2019), among students’

respondents, 70% from 40,000 students of 118 U.S institutions said they prefer

mostly or completely face-to-face learning environments. The professors surveyed

were even more partial to face-to-face classes, with 73% preferring them.

According to the Philippine Star (2022), citing the result of its survey, 97% of

Grades 1-3 learners was satisfied with their overall experience in participating in

face-to-face classes. For senior high school students (SHS), the satisfaction rating

for in-person classes was 86%. They also found that pupils from kindergarten to

Grade 3 experienced positive changes in their learning behavior during face-to-face

classes compared to the distance learning modality. For SHS, 91% of the student-

respondents agreed that their skills and knowledge improved because of hands-on
use of tools and equipment, while 82% said they felt more motivated during face-to-

face discussion and 78% felt safe while studying with their classmates.

Face-to-face sessions are useful in that it allows participants, as the direct

contact with each other often encourages a more in depth sharing of knowledge and

experiences. Facial expressions, body language, eye-contact and the tone of voice,

all of which are most easily observed face to face, also aid in enhancing

communication (World Bank, n.d).

Face-to-face interaction can help to break down barriers and provide real

cross-cultural experiences and networking opportunities thereby assisting in

sustaining relationships and encouraging the sharing of knowledge. Face-to-face

discussion is useful for stimulating conversation between participants.

There are many advantages of face-to-face education according to Top

Advantages (2022). First is, you'll be able to concentrate harder on your

learning because there’ll be less distraction than if you were at

home. You can gain greater understanding, stories and real-world

examples from teachers and other students. You have a greater

chance of completing your course successfully by doing it in a

classroom situation. You may feel more comfortable and learn more

easily in a familiar, traditional classroom situation. You can access

more information and richer understanding through teacher and

other students’ body language and voice. Lastly, you have the

opportunity to connect with, problem-solve, and network with other

students from a wide range of backgrounds.

Online learning

Online learning is currently adopted by educational institutions worldwide to

provide students with ongoing education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Even

though online learning research has been advancing in uncovering students

experiences in various setting, very little progressed has been achieved in

understanding the experience of the K-12 student population, especially when

narrowed down to different school-year segments (Yan L, et al., 2021).

Online learning refers to instruction that is delivered electronically through

various multimedia and Internet platforms and applications. It is used

interchangeably with other terms such as web-based learning, e-learning, computer-

assisted instruction, Internet-based learning, computer-assisted instruction, and

internet-based learning (Madisson T, et al., 2017).

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, online learning has been adopted in all

stages of education. This sudden change from traditional learning to 100% online

learning may affect students’ learning effectiveness, especially in experimental

courses (Hong J, 2021).

Studies shows that online learning can help increase students’ engagements,

motivation, and attendance key requisites for learning. Effective online learning can

improve performance on core subjects and foster the development of 21 st century

skills, whether in mature or emerging countries (Intel World Ahead Program, 2021).

According to Lambda Solutions (2020), states that online learning solutions

provided much needed effectiveness for teachers, allowing them to maximize the

potential for individual learning curves and styles within the classroom. Online

learning offers significant benefits for educators. It’s estimated that by 2019, at least
50% of all post-secondary courses will be delivered online, as well as access to new

learning platforms and the opportunity to learn from celebrated educators located

elsewhere in the world via long-distance education.

In an online learning setting, communication is often asynchronous, which

means there’s a gap between teacher and student. It’s easy for misunderstandings

to develop in gaps. Barrier to communication is the common problem of online

learning. These barriers make teaching these skills more difficult. In a virtual

classroom, teachers and students have fewer opportunities to interact. Without

careful planning, they have fewer opportunities for academic discussions and

cooperative learning (Banks A, 2020).

According to the study conducted by Charlo J, and Dios M,

(2021), that in Spain the students mostly prefer face-to-face

learning. What the students of the face-to-face learning model value

the most is the direct communication with the learning staff within

the classroom itself, with 75% of the students talking about this

idea in their answers, since if personal doubts or other questions

arise, they can resolve immediately. This allows the teacher to give

explanations when the doubt arises, either with other example,

giving other explanations, asking another classmate who has

understood it to explain it or even being able to use manipulative

materials to explain the doubt that has arisen.

Accordingly, it would seem that students are quite dependent

on the teacher’s explanations in the classroom, rather than on

reading and understanding documents provided in the subject’s

platform.

In addition to study of Charlo and Dios, (2021), just over half of

students’ respondents 51% say that in the face-to-face model it is

possible to give explanations in different ways for the better

understanding of the subject and the use of manipulative materials

to improve it, with 42% agreeing with this category. Likewise, the

students emphasize as an important aspect of the face-to-face

model the fact of being able to work in a group in face-to-face

lessons, with collaborative learning that encourages discussions

and debate, and not a mere distribution of practical tasks that they

must carry out and hand in. Specifically, 55% of the students

support the idea. While, for the 44% of the students, the most

important idea regarding the online learning is the flexibility of

timetables because the online class can be extended without

limitations according to their needs.

According to the study Charlo and Dios, (2021), the common

responses of the students are:

 The explanations of face-to-face are clearer, since more

didactic resources are used, and there is also greater

participation and they are more dynamic.

  It is more comfortable to practice the subject in person and in

a group, where communication is easier.

 The noise from classmates or talking to the rest of the

students in the class causes greater distraction.

 The number of students per class sometimes makes learning

difficult.

 A disadvantage is that the classes are not recorded and if you

forgot something that you have not written down previously in

your notes, you cannot see it again and it becomes more

disorganized.

 Not being able to work with the materials in person makes

everything very abstract and it is much more difficult to

understand things.

Regarding effectiveness, almost all the surveyed students

mentioned that the teaching in face-to-face was effective,

specifically 88% of students’ respondents. Their answers refer to

explaining that they prefer direct communication with the teachers

(Charlo and Dios, 2021

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

Research Design
 This study is basic research, wherein the researchers will be gathering

necessary data. The characteristics of this method will use as a tool to compare the

effectiveness of Online Learning and face-to-face education in fostering the students’

knowledge and skills.

Respondents of the Study

Since this research is basic research, the subject of this study depends on the

respondents of the data gathered. The respondents are students from the Primary

Education Degree programme.

Sampling Method

The simple random sampling method is the sampling technique that the

researchers will use. The sample are made up of 100 students from Primary

Education Degree.

Instrument of the Study

The data will be collected using the questionnaire and will be distributed to 100

students.

Data Gathering Procedure

Since this research is basic research which is purely direct application, the

researchers will be gathering data from the internet. Afterwards, the information

gathered will be compiled.

Ethical Consideration

This study will follow the appropriate research guidelines. The researchers

acknowledge the other authors by citing references.