MELC 4

Learning Competency
MELC 4: Compare and contrast the contents of the
materials viewed with outside sources of information in
terms of accessibility and effectiveness

You are expected to identify sources of information; define

accessibility and effectiveness; and recognize, compare and
contrast contents of materials viewed from various sources.
Try this:
Which term refers to the origin from which something is
obtained?

A. Compare

B. Contrast

C. Source

D. Key Word
Try this:
Which term refers to the origin from which something is
obtained?

A. Compare

B. Contrast

C. Source

D. Key Word
Try this:
2. Which option correctly defines compare and contrast?

A. Comparing deals with differences while contrasting deals

with similarities
B. Comparing deals with similarities while contrasting deals
with differences
C. Comparing and contrasting both deal with similarities
D. Comparing and contrasting both deal with differences
Try this:
2. Which option correctly defines compare and contrast?

A. Comparing deals with differences while contrasting deals

with similarities
B. Comparing deals with similarities while contrasting deals
with differences
C. Comparing and contrasting both deal with similarities
D. Comparing and contrasting both deal with differences
Try this:
3. Which option gives the correct order of the 3 steps to
compare and contrast sources? *
a. Determine Relevant Information, Find Relevant Sources,
Present the Information
b. Find Relevant Sources, Present the Information, Determine
Relevant Information
c. Find Relevant Information, Present Using the Block Method,
Present Using the Point Method
d. Find Relevant Sources, Determine Relevant Information,
Present the Information
Try this:
3. Which option gives the correct order of the 3 steps to
compare and contrast sources? *
a. Determine Relevant Information, Find Relevant Sources,
Present the Information
b. Find Relevant Sources, Present the Information, Determine
Relevant Information
c. Find Relevant Information, Present Using the Block Method,
Present Using the Point Method
d. Find Relevant Sources, Determine Relevant Information,
Present the Information
Try this:
4. When we ________ two things, we tell how they are alike.

a. compare
b. contrast
c. differentiate
d. associate
Try this:
4. When we ________ two things, we tell how they are alike.

a. compare
b. contrast
c. differentiate
d. associate
Try this:
5. Sources providing answers to questions such as statistics,
maps, background information (re)directing to additional
sources

a. books
b. Reference materials
c. scholarly articles
d. Government documents
Try this:
5. Sources providing answers to questions such as statistics,
maps, background information (re)directing to additional
sources

a. books
b. Reference materials
c. scholarly articles
d. Government documents
Sources of Information:
Accessibility and
Effectiveness
Primary Documents
These are first-hand documents written by those who
experience and/or see it at the period of research or the
time an event happens. These are original documents
which include personal accounts, personal documents,
pictures, videos, speeches, historical documents (on
eyewitness perspective), literary texts, literary works and
letters.
Primary Documents: Examples
artifacts photos audio-recordings
Diaries journals video recordings
manuals letters speeches
interviews original documents
Secondary Documents
These are documents written as recount of events. The
author has not personally witnessed what he or she has
written. These include interpretations, discussions,
commentaries or evaluations of prima resources.
Secondary Documents: Examples
biographical works evaluation
history (retold version)
news (not by eyewitnesses)
books criticisms
Tertiary Sources
Tertiary sources are basically collections of
information from primary and secondary sources.
Tertiary Sources
Tertiary sources are basically collections of information
from primary and secondary sources.
Examples:
almanacs bibliography indexes/indices
directories database dictionaries
encyclopedia abstracts
How can you tell if a source is going to
be credible or reliable?

Credibility of Sources
Effectiveness Accessibility
refers to the degree of refers to the quality of
being able to achieve being easy to find,
the desired result obtain and use.
based from their
objective or purpose.
Accessibility
a. Text accessibility - arrangement of words for them to
be easily accessed.
b. Image accessibility - provides additional information
about the text or concept.
c. Audio accessibility - provides additional information
through listening skills.
d. Video accessibility - provides additional information
through listening and viewing skills.
 Aside from accessibility and effectiveness, it is
essential to review the source of information for the
1.readers
Satisfy theto:
expectations of the academic community you are writing
for;
2. Show evidence of wide, informed and relevant reading’
3. Show that your writing does not rely mainly on personal opinion;
4. Show the process by which you have arrived at your own conclusions
about the topic, and to enable the reader to understand and evaluate
the ideas and information you are presenting;
5. Show your ability to integrate material from a range of sources;
6. Show evidence of an analytical and critical approach to your source
material;
7. Enable readers to follow up references or perspectives of particular
interest to them; and
8. Avoid plagiarism.
Because it is easy for anyone to publish anything on a website, you need to find websites that contain reliable information.

● Websites with these domains (the URL ending) generally have reliable
information:
● .org (a registered organisation)
● .edu (an educational institution)
● .gov (a government agency)
● .gov.au (an Australian government agency)
● Websites with .com or .net. are not unreliable, but they should be used
with caution. In Google's Advanced Search, you can limit your searches
by domain.
Suggested methods to check for the credibility
of sources:

• 5 W Questions
• SMART Check
• CRAAP Test

Source: https://guides.lib.uw.edu/research/faq/reliable
5 W Questions (5Ws):
● This method means thinking critically about each of your
sources by answering five questions to determine if the
source is credible/reliable. The acceptable answers to these
questions will vary depending on your needs. The questions
are:
○ Who is the author? (Authority)
○ What is the purpose of the content? (Accuracy)
○ Where is the content from? (Publisher)
○ Why does the source exist? (Purpose and Objectivity)
○ How does this source compare to others? (Determining
What’s What)
SMART CHECK
● This method is particularly good at evaluating newspaper
sources. Like the 5Ws method it also involves answering
critical questions about your source. The criteria are:

○ Source: Who or what is the source?

○ Motive: Why do they say what they do?
○ Authority: Who wrote the story?
○ Review: Is there anything included that jumps out as
potentially untrue?
○ Two-Source Test: How does it compare to another source?
CRAAP TEST
● This method provides you with a set of criteria that
make a source more or less credible. The criteria are:
○ Currency: Timeliness of the information
○ Relevance: Importance of the information for your
needs
○ Authority: Source of the information
○ Accuracy: Truthfulness and correctness of the
information
○ Purpose: Reason the information exists
Answer This
This characteristic of written communication enables one to understand, evaluate, use and
engage with written texts to participate in society, achieve goals and realize potentials.

a. effectiveness c. reliability
b. accessibility d. credibility
This characteristic of written communication enables one to understand, evaluate, use and
engage with written texts to participate in society, achieve goals and realize potentials.

a. effectiveness c. reliability
b. accessibility d. credibility
The use of outside sources of information helps the writer and reader to do the following
EXCEPT _____________.

a. to gain additional information on the topic

b. to lend credibility to the written material
c. to influence the reader to agree with the writer
d. to make the writing less persuasive
The use of outside sources of information helps the writer and reader to do the following
EXCEPT _____________.

a. to gain additional information on the topic

b. to lend credibility to the written material
c. to influence the reader to agree with the writer
d. to make the writing less persuasive
3. It is described as the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired
result

a. effectiveness
b. accessibility
c. reliability
d. credibility
3. It is described as the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired
result

a. effectiveness
b. accessibility
c. reliability
d. credibility
4. This information source uses technical language and contains bibliography as well as
research methods, data and conclusions.

a. scholarly articles
b. government documents
c. reference materials
d. news/magazine articles
4. This information source uses technical language and contains bibliography as well as
research methods, data and conclusions.

a. scholarly articles
b. government documents
c. reference materials
d. news/magazine articles
5. This information accessibility deals with scripts about the video which are required for
users who cannot access visual or audio media channels.

a. text accessibility
b. video accessibility
c. audio accessibility
d. image accessibility
5. This information accessibility deals with scripts about the video which are required for
users who cannot access visual or audio media channels.

a. text accessibility
b. video accessibility
c. audio accessibility
d. image accessibility
6. This kind of information source contains the most recent information or opinions

a. reference materials
b. books
c. government documents
d. news/magazine articles
6. This kind of information source contains the most recent information or opinions

a. reference materials
b. books
c. government documents
d. news/magazine articles
7. This information accessibility focuses on the visual input presented using an additional
description of the information in order for images to be useful for all

a. video accessibility
b. audio accessibility
c. text accessibility
d. image accessibility
7. This information accessibility focuses on the visual input presented using an additional
description of the information in order for images to be useful for all

a. video accessibility
b. audio accessibility
c. text accessibility
d. image accessibility
8. One of your performance tasks in English is to
write a news report on the active cases of Covid-19
in the Philippines. In choosing the sources of
information for your report, which of the following
criteria should NOT
A. The reliability besource
of the considered?
B. The timeliness of the source
C. The popularity of the source
D. The effectiveness of the source
8. One of your performance tasks in English is to
write a news report on the active cases of Covid-19
in the Philippines. In choosing the sources of
information for your report, which of the following
criteria should NOT
A. The reliability besource
of the considered?
B. The timeliness of the source
C. The popularity of the source
D. The effectiveness of the source
9. Why is the information on a Wiki not always
reliable?
A.Because often the information can be changed by the
public
B.Because it expresses facts but the citations aren't
reliable
C.Because it is based solely on people's opinions
D.Because writers are often businessmen with a specific
goal in mind
9. Why is the information on a Wiki not always
reliable?
A.Because often the information can be changed by the
public
B.Because it expresses facts but the citations aren't
reliable
C.Because it is based solely on people's opinions
D.Because writers are often businessmen with a specific
goal in mind
10. Which aspect of a source suggests that it should
NOT be used as part of academic research?

A. The information has been peer-

reviewed
B. The author is listed
C. The information is current
D. Citations are included
10. Which aspect of a source suggests that it should
NOT be used as part of academic research?

A. The information has been peer-

reviewed
B. The author is listed
C. The information is current
D. Citations are included
11. You have in your hands a copy of a speech given
by important person X who was a key player in the
history you are examining. It is a:

A. Valid source
B. Invalid source
C. Reliable source
D. Primary source
11. You have in your hands a copy of a speech given
by important person X who was a key player in the
history you are examining. It is a:

A. Valid source
B. Invalid source
C. Reliable source
D. Primary source
12. If several pieces of evidence lead you to the
same conclusion, they may be said to ___________
each other.

A. Corroborate
B. Collaborate
C. Rely upon
D. Validate
12. If several pieces of evidence lead you to the
same conclusion, they may be said to ___________
each other.

A. Corroborate
B. Collaborate
C. Rely upon
D. Validate
13. Which of the following is NOT a common
criterion for evaluating a source for inclusion in
course paper or bibliography?

A. Currency
B. Fun
C. Authority
D. Perspective
13. Which of the following is NOT a common
criterion for evaluating a source for inclusion in
course paper or bibliography?

A. Currency
B. Fun
C. Authority
D. Perspective
13. Which of the following is NOT a common
criterion for evaluating a source for inclusion in
course paper or bibliography?

A. Currency
B. Fun
C. Authority
D. Perspective
14. What is the difference between a scholarly
article & a popular article?
A. A scholarly article is written for a scholarly audience, while
a popular article is typically written for the general public
or a non-specialist audience.
B.A scholarly article is one assigned by a course instructor,
while a popular article is one recommended by your peers.
C. No difference. They're the same thing!
D.A scholarly article is at least 5000 words long, while a
popular article is typically 140 characters or less.
14. What is the difference between a scholarly
article & a popular article?
A. A scholarly article is written for a scholarly audience, while
a popular article is typically written for the general public
or a non-specialist audience.
B.A scholarly article is one assigned by a course instructor,
while a popular article is one recommended by your peers.
C. No difference. They're the same thing!
D.A scholarly article is at least 5000 words long, while a
popular article is typically 140 characters or less.
15. Based solely on the domain name, which of the
following websites is most likely to contain
authoritative government information?
A.http://reputableinformation.edu
B.http://reputableinformation.com
C.http://reputableinformation.org
D.http://reputableinformation.gov
15. Based solely on the domain name, which of the
following websites is most likely to contain
authoritative government information?
A.http://reputableinformation.edu
B.http://reputableinformation.com
C.http://reputableinformation.org
D.http://reputableinformation.gov
16. If you find information on a website that has a
URL of .org, you need to determine if the
information being provided is bias before
incorporating it into your paper.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
16. If you find information on a website that has a
URL of .org, you need to determine if the
information being provided is bias before
incorporating it into your paper.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
17. Websites of government agencies can be
considered credible sources of information
because…
A. Government agencies sponsor original research that
informs public policy.
B. Government agencies are never wrong, just as
governments are generally infallible.
C. Web addresses that end in “.gov” indicate that the agency
is a lobbying group that aims to influence public policy.
D. Web addresses that end in “.org” indicate that the agency
is hosted by a college or university
17. Websites of government agencies can be
considered credible sources of information
because…
A. Government agencies sponsor original research that
informs public policy.
B. Government agencies are never wrong, just as
governments are generally infallible.
C. Web addresses that end in “.gov” indicate that the agency
is a lobbying group that aims to influence public policy.
D. Web addresses that end in “.org” indicate that the agency
is hosted by a college or university
18. Which of the following can be considered a
primary source in the social and behavioral
sciences?
A. A review of a book on learning disabilities written by an
expert on learning disabilities.
B. A review of primary literature on learning disabilities
written by a psychologist.
C. An empirical study of 64 elementary school students
conducted in order to understand the effects of inclusion
on the social functioning of students with learning
disabilities.
D. None of the above
18. Which of the following can be considered a
primary source in the social and behavioral
sciences?
A. A review of a book on learning disabilities written by an
expert on learning disabilities.
B. A review of primary literature on learning disabilities
written by a psychologist.
C. An empirical study of 64 elementary school students
conducted in order to understand the effects of inclusion
on the social functioning of students with learning
disabilities.
D. None of the above
19. Which of the following is true?

A. All scholarly articles are available for free on the Web

from the publisher’s Website.
B. Some journals provide their content for free on the
Web, but most do not. Most journal content is
available through subscriptions, either individual or
institutional.
C. There are no scholarly publications available for free
on the Web. Any journal content is only available via
a subscription, either individual or institutional.
19. Which of the following is true?

A. All scholarly articles are available for free on the Web

from the publisher’s Website.
B. Some journals provide their content for free on the
Web, but most do not. Most journal content is
available through subscriptions, either individual or
institutional.
C. There are no scholarly publications available for free
on the Web. Any journal content is only available via
a subscription, either individual or institutional.
20. While searching for information on a project,
how would you select which source to read in more
detail?
A. I would check who produced the source
B. I would check if it relevant to my project then used it
C. I focus on only using books, because if they have
been published they will be just fine to use in my
work
D. I would check if it is relevant, then who produced the
source and the date it was produced
20. While searching for information on a project,
how would you select which source to read in more
detail?
A. I would check who produced the source
B. I would check if it relevant to my project then used it
C. I focus on only using books, because if they have
been published they will be just fine to use in my
work
D. I would check if it is relevant, then who produced the
source and the date it was produced
Thank you!
Hope you learned something today!

God bless everyone!