Renewable Energy

(EE7601)
Unit-1: Introduction to Energy Sources

By Dr. Trilochan Penthia

EE Dept., NIT Patna
 Contents of Unit-1

• Definition of energy and its forms

• Classification of Energy sources
• Comparison between conventional and non-
conventional energy sources
• World energy future
• Prospects of renewable energy sources

Refer class copy for more details

 Classification of energy sources
1) Based on traditional use:
a) Conventional:-
• Energy resources which have been traditionally used from many years.
• These resources are widely used at present and likely to be depleted .
• Examples: Fossil fuels (coal, oil & gas), nuclear and hydro.
b) Non-conventional:-
• Energy resources which are considered alternate energy resource to
the conventional energy resources.
• These are supposed to be used on a large scale in the near future.
• Examples: Solar, wind, biomass, etc.
 Classification of energy sources
2) Based on long-term availability:
a) Renewable:-
• Resources which are renewed by nature again and again.
• Their supply is not affected by the rate of their consumption.
• Examples: Solar, wind, biomass, ocean (thermal, tidal, wave),
geothermal, hydro, etc.
b) Non-renewable:-
• Resources which are finite and do not get replenished after their
consumption.
• Examples: Fossil fuels, uranium, etc.
 Classification of energy sources
3) Based on usability of energy:
a) Primary:-
• Resources available in nature in raw form are called primary energy
sources.
• Examples: Fossil fuels (coal, oil & gas), uranium and hydro-energy.
b) Secondary:-
• Secondary energy sources are obtained from primary energy source
after processing.
• Processing helps in transformation of primary energy source into
secondary or usable energy form.
• Examples: Electricity, thermal energy (steam and hot water), petrol,
diesel, LNG, CNG, LPG, etc.
 Classification of energy sources
4) Based on commercial application:
a) Commercial:-
• Resources which are used for commercial activities.
• Both primary and secondary energy sources come under this category.
• Commercial energy is mostly used for commercial purposes in
factories, farms and commercial establishments.
• Examples: Fossil fuels, electricity, Petrol, LPG, hydro-energy, nuclear,
etc.
b) Non-commercial:-
• The sources of energy that are usually available free of cost from
nature, are referred to as non-commercial sources of energy.
• Examples: Wood, animal dung, agriculture waste, etc.
Classification of energy sources
5) Based on origin:
a) Thermal energy
b) Nuclear energy
c) Hydro energy
d) Solar energy
e) Wind energy
f) Biomass energy
g) Geothermal energy
h) Tidal energy
i) Ocean thermal energy
j) Ocean wave energy
World energy future
World energy future
World energy future
 Power generation in India
Total Installed Capacity (As on 31.12.2022)
Source : Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY (SECTOR WISE):
Sector MW % of Total
Central Sector 98,795 24%
State Sector 1,04,918 25.7%
Private Sector 2,06,627 50.3%
Total 4,10,339 100%
 Power generation in India
Installed GENERATION CAPACITY as on 31.12.2022
CATAGORY INSTALLED GENERATION % of SHARE in Total
CAPACITY (MW)
Fossil Fuel:
Coal 203,775 49.7%
Lignite 6,620 1.6%

Gas 24,824 6.1%

Diesel 589 0.1%
Total Fossil Fuel 2,35,809 57.5 %

Non-Fossil Fuel:
Hydro 46,850 11.4 %
Wind 47,930 11.6 %
Solar 63,302 15.4 %
BM Power and others 10,210 2.4 %
Waste to Energy 522 0.1 %
Nuclear 6,780 1.6%
Total Non-Fossil Fuel 174,530 42.5%
Total Installed Capacity 410,339 100%
(Fossil Fuel & Non-Fossil Fuel)
Prospects of renewable energy sources
• The demand of energy is increasing day-by-day due to
industrialization and population growth.
• The conventional sources of energy will not be sufficient to
meet the growing demand.
• Conventional sources (except hydro-energy) are non-
renewable and bound to finish one day.
• Conventional sources also cause pollution which degrades
the environment.
• Large hydro-resources affect wildlife, cause deforestation,
and pose various social problems.
• Fossil fuels are also used as raw material in pharmaceutical
and chemical industry. Thus these need to be conserved
for future generations.