ELBOW

Flexion
(Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt, papaflex yung Short Sitting; arm abducted 45 deg, “Bend your elbow.”
elbow then naka-cup yung hand elbow flexed 45 deg
sa elbow
(Figure 5-113)

4&5 In Front of pt, cupped elbow Short Sitting; arm abducted 45 deg, “Bend your elbow. Hold it.
(stabilize) volar surface of forearm elbow flexed 45 deg Don’t let me pull it down.”
proximal to the wrist (resistance) ● Biceps brachii
(Figure 5-110) - supinate
(Figure 5-110)
● Brachioradialis
- neutral
(Figure 5-111)
● Brachialis
- mid between pronate and
supinate
(Figure 5-112)

2 Side ng pt, cupped elbow and wrist Short Sitting arm abducted to 90 deg “Try to bend your elbow.”
if necessary (support) (Figure 5- ● Biceps brachii
114) - supinated
● Biceps brachii ● Brachioradialis
- antecubital space - neutral
(Figure 5-115) ● Brachialis
● Brachioradialis - pronated
- distal arm medial to the
tendon of the biceps
● Brachialis
- lateral surface of the
neutrally positioned
forearm, where it forms the
lateral border of the cubital
fossa
(Figure 5-116)

1&0 Side of pt, support wrist Supine, flexed 40 deg “Try to bend your elbow.”
same as grade 2 same as grade 2
(Figure 5-116) (Figure 5-116)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
Extension
(Triceps and Anconeus)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 Side ng pt; distal arm (stabilize) Prone; 90 deg abduction and “Straighten your elbow.”
flexion, end of table arm (Figure (Figure 5-122)
5-120)

4&5 Side ng pt; distal arm (stabilize) Prone; 90 deg abduction and flexion, “Straighten your elbow. Hold
distal medial wrist (resistance) end of table arm it. Don’t let me bend it.”
(Figure 5-121)

2 Side ng pt; elbow (support) Short Sitting; 90 deg abduction, 45 deg “Try to straighten your
(Figure 5-124) flexion and neutral rotation, entire limb elbow.”
horizontal to the floor (Figure 5-123)

1&0 Side ng pt; under forearm Short Sitting; 90 deg abduction, 45 deg “Try to straighten your
(support) triceps on the flexion and neutral rotation elbow.”
posterior surface of the arm just
proximal to the olecranon
process (palpate)
(Figure 5-124)

FOREARM

Supination
(Supinator and Biceps brachii)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 Side ng pt; proximal posterior Short sitting; arm at side and elbow “Turn your palm up.”
forearm (support) flexed to 90°; forearm in full (Figure 5-133)
pronation to neutral

4&5 Side ng pt; elbow (support) heel of
hand over the dorsal surface of
wrist (resist)
(Figure 5-131)
Do not grip the volar aspect
Short sitting; arm at side and elbow “Turn your palm up. Hold it.
flexed to 90°; forearm in full Don’t let me turn it down.
pronation to neutral Keep your wrist and fingers
relaxed.”

2 Side ng pt; under elbow cupped Short Sitting; flexed shoulder between “Turn your palm toward
(support) 45 and 90 deg, 90 deg elbow and your face.”
forearm neutral (Figure 5-134)

1&0 Side ng pt; forearm distal to Short Sitting; arm and elbow same “Try to turn your palm so it
elbow (support) supinator as grade 3, prone faces the ceiling.”
distal to head of radius (Figure
5-135)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
Pronation
(Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus)
GRADE PT
3 Side ng pt; proximal posterior
forearm (support)
4&5 Side ng pt; elbow (support) heel of
hand over the volar surface of
forearm at the wrist (resist)
(Figure 5-140)
Avoid pressure in distal head
2 Side ng pt; under elbow cupped
(support)
(Figure 5-142)
1&0 Side ng pt; forearm distal to elbow
(support) pronator teres over
the upper third of the volar
(flexor) surface of the forearm on
a diagonal line from the medial
condyle of the humerus to the
lateral border of the radius
(Figure 5-143)
WRIST
Flexion
(Flexor carpi radialis and Flexor carpi ulnaris)
GRADE PT
3 Support the patient’s forearm under Short sitting; Forearm supinated
the wrist
4&5 One hand supports the patient’s
forearm under the wrist
● Both wrist flexors:
- palm of test hand using
four fingers/ heel of
palm (resistance)
PATIENT INSTRUCTION
Short sitting; arm at side and elbow “Turn your palm down.”
flexed to 90°; forearm in full (Figure 5-141)
supination
Short sitting; arm at side and elbow “Turn your palm down. Hold
flexed to 90°; forearm in full it. Don’t let me turn it up.
supination Keep your wrist and fingers
relaxed.”
Short Sitting; flexed shoulder “Turn your palm facing
between 45 and 90 deg, 90 deg outward away from your face.”
elbow and forearm neutral
Short Sitting; arm and elbow same “Try to turn your palm
as grade 3, supine down.”
PATIENT INSTRUCTION
● For both wrist
and wrist in neutral position (same flexors: “Bend
as grade 4&5) your wrist. Keep it
straight with your
fingers relaxed.”
● For flexor carpi
radialis: “Bend
your wrist leading
with the thumb
side.”
● For flexor carpi
ulnaris: “Bend
your wrist leading
with the little finger.
Short sitting; Forearm supinated and “Bend your wrist. Hold it.
wrist in neutral position or slightly Don’t let me pull it down.
extended Keep your fingers relaxed.”
● Flexor Carpi Radialis:
Wrist radial deviation and
slight extension
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 ● Flexor Carpi Radialis: ● Flexor Carpi Radialis:
- index and long fingers - Wrist ulnar deviation and
over 1st and 2nd slight wrist extension
metacarpal in extension
and ulnar dev direction
(resistance)
● Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:
- over 5th metacarpal in
extension and radial dev
direction

2 Side ng pt; forearm proximal to Sitting; elbow supported on table, “Bend your wrist, keeping
wrist (support) forearm in mid position with hand your fingers relaxed.
resting on ulnar side

1&0 Side ng pt; wrist (support) other Sitting; supinated forearm supported “Try to bend your wrist.
hand palpate on table Relax. Bend it again.”
● Flexor carpi radialis
- lies on lateral palmar
aspect of wrist
● Tendon of flexor
carpi ulnaris
- lies on medial palmar
aspect of wrist (base of
5th metacarpal)

Extension
(Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, and Extensor carpi ulnaris)

GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 Sitting or Standing diagonally to Short sitting; Elbow flexed, forearm “Bring your wrist up.”.
the pt; pronated and supported at the table

4&5 Sitting or Standing diagonally to Short sitting; Forearm supinated and “Bring your wrist up. Hold
the pt; forearm under the wrist wrist in neutral position or slightly it. Don’t let me push it
(support) dorsal surface of extended down.
metacarpals (resistance)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 ● All three muscle
● All Three Muscle - Extend wrist full
- a forward and range
downward direction ● Extensor Carpi
over the 2nd to 5th Radialis and
metacarpals Brevis
(resistance) (Figure - Extend wrist
5-160) leading with the
thumb side

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 ● Extensor Carpi (Extension and
Radialis and Brevis radial deviation)
- 2nd and 3rd ● Extensor Carpi
metacarpals (radial Ulnaris
side) in direction of - Extends wrist with
flexion and ulnar ulnar side of hand
deviation. (extension and
● Extensor Carpi ulnar deviation)”
Ulnaris
- 5th metacarpal (ulnar
side of hand) in direction
of flexion and radial
deviation

2 Sitting or Standing diagonally Sitting; Forearm supported on “Bend your wrist back.”
to the pt; forearm proximal to table in neutral position. (Figure
wrist (support) (Figure 5-161) 5-161)

Note: elevate hand to prevent

friction

1&0 Sitting or Standing diagonally to Sitting; supinated forearm supported “Try to bring your wrist
the pt;; wrist (support) other on table back.”
hand palpate
● Extensor carpi NOTE: Full extension is not
radialis longus: required for the tests of radial and
- (palpate) tendon in ulnar deviation.
dorsal surface of wrist
in line with 2nd
metacarpal
(Figure 5-162)
● Extensor carpi
radialis brevis:
- dorsal surface of wrist
in line with 3rd
metacarpal
(Figure 5-163).
● Extensor carpi
ulnaris:
- dorsal surface of wrist
proximal to the 5th
metacarpal and distal to
ulnar styloid process
(Figure 5-164)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
FINGER
Extension
(Interossei and Lumbricales)
GRADE PT
3 Sitting or Standing diagonally to
the pt;
4&5 MCP proximal to MP (stabilize)
palmar surface of the proximal
row of phalanges in the direction
of MP extension (resistance)
(Figure 5-168)
Note: Resistance is given to
fingers individually
2, 1, & 0 MCP proximal to MP (stabilize)
Proximal Phalanges (PIP) Flexion
(Flexor digitorum superficialis)
GRADE PT
3 Infront of pt; Hold all fingers
(except the one being tested) in
extension at all joints
4&5 Infront of pt; Hold all fingers
(except the one being tested) in
extension at all joints, head (distal
end) of the middle phalanx of the
test finger in the direction of
extension (resistance)
2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3
1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. Palpate the flexor digitorum
superficialis on the palmar
surface of the wrist between the
palmaris longus and the flexor
carpi ulnaris
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral, MCP fully extend, IP
flexed
(Figure 5-167)
Short sitting or supine; forearm
supination, wrist in neutral, MCP fully flexing your knuckles. Hold it.
extend, IP flexed
Sitting; Forearm and wrist in
midposition, MP fully extended, IP all while bending your knuckles.”
flexed
(Figure 5-169)
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist in
neutral, MCP fully extended, IP
flexed. Wrist end of table
(Figure 5-174)
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist in
neutral, MCP fully extended, IP
flexed. Wrist end of table
Sitting; Forearm in mid position
(Figure 5-176)
Sitting; Forearm in mid position
(Figure 5-176)
INSTRUCTION
“Bring your wrist up.”.
“Uncurl your fingers while
Don’t let me straighten your
knuckles.”
“Try to uncurl your fingers
INSTRUCTION
“Bend your index [then long,
ring, and little] finger. Keep
your other fingers relaxed.”
(Figure 5-174)
“Bend your index [then long,
ring, and little] finger; hold
it. Don’t let me straighten it.
Keep your other fingers
relaxed.”
“Bend your middle finger.”
(Select other fingers
individually.
“Bend your middle finger.”
(Select other fingers
individually.
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
Distak Phalanges (DIP) Flexion
(Flexor digitorum profundus)
GRADE PT
3 Infront of pt;
(stabilize) middle phalanx in
extension by grasping it on either
side
(Figure 5-177)
4&5 Infront of pt; (stabilize) middle
phalanx in extension by grasping
it on either side (resistance)
distal phalanx in direction of
extension
2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. Palpate the tendon of the
flexor digitorum profundus
on the palmar surface of the
middle phalanx of each finger.
1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3.
MP Extension
(Extensor digitorum, Extensor indicis, Extensor digiti minimi)
GRADE PT
3 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) wrist in neutral
4&5 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) wrist in neutral
(resistance) across dorsum of all
proximal phalanges distal to MP
in direction of flexion
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral, PIP extended. Wrist end
of table
(Figure 5-174)
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist in
neutral, MCP fully extended, IP
flexed. Wrist end of table
Sitting; Forearm in mid position
Sitting; Forearm in mid position
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral,MP and IP relaxed flexion;
end of table
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral,MP and IP relaxed flexion;
end of table
● Extensor Digitorum
- MP extended (all fingers)
allowing IP slight flexion\
(Figure 5-182)
● Extensor indicis
- MP extension of index
● Extensor digiti minimi
- MP extension of
5th digit
INSTRUCTION
“Bend the tip of your
finger. Hold it.”
Figure 5-177)
“Bend the tip of your finger.
Hold it. Don’t let me
straighten it.”
“Bend your middle finger.”
(Select other fingers
individually.
“Bend your middle finger.”
(Select other fingers
individually.
INSTRUCTION
“Bend your knuckles back as
far as they will go.”
“Bend your knuckles back as
far as they will go. Don’t let
me push it down”
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate) extensor digiti
minimi, extensor digitorum,
extensor indicis at the dorsum
of the hand
1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3.
Abduction
(Dorsal interossei)
GRADE PT
3 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) wrist in neutral
(Figure 5-187)
4&5 In Front of pt;
(support) wrist in neutral
(resistance) distal phalanx on the
radial side and ulnar side of finger
(Figure 5-185)
PInching
2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate)
● Dorsal Interossei
- base of the proximal
phalanx
(Figure 5-188)
● Abductor digiti minimi
- ulnar border of the
hand
1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate) extensor digiti
minimi, extensor digitorum,
extensor indicis at the dorsum
of the hand
Forearm in midposition “Bend your knuckles”
Forearm in midposition . “Bend your knuckles”
PATIENT INSTRUCTION
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in “Spread your fingers. Hold
neutral,fingers in extension and them.”
adduction, MP neutral position
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in “Spread your fingers. Hold
neutral,fingers in extension and them. Don’t let me push them
adduction, MP neutral position together.”
● Dorsal Interossei
- Abduction of ring finger
toward little finger
- Abduction of middle
finger toward ring finger
(Figure 5-186)
- Abduction of middle
finger toward index finger
- Abduction of index finger
toward thumb
● Abductor digiti minimi
- abducts 5th digit away
from ring finger
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in “Spread your fingers. Hold
neutral,fingers in extension and them.”
adduction, MP neutral position
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in “Spread your fingers. Hold
neutral,fingers in extension and them.”
adduction, MP neutral position
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
Adduction
(Palmar interossei)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in ““Hold your fingers

neutral,fingers in extension and together.”
abduction, MP neutral position
(Figure 5-192)

4&5 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in “Hold your fingers together.
(resistance) middle phalanx in neutral,fingers in extension and Don’t let me spread them
direction of abduction adduction, MP neutral position apart.”
(Figure 5-191)
● Adduction of little finger
Separating toward ring finger
● Adduction of ring finger
toward long finger
● Adduction of index finger
toward long finger
● Adduction of thumb
toward index finger

2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in ““Hold your fingers
3. (palpate) finger against the neutral,fingers in extension and together.”
side of a finger to be tested, the abduction, MP neutral position
therapist may detect a slight
outward motion for a muscle less
than Grade 2

1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3. Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in ““Hold your fingers
neutral,fingers in extension and together.”
abduction, MP neutral position

THUMB

Grade 5 - Complete ROM against maximal resistance, against gravity

Grade 4 - Complete ROM against minimal resistance, against gravity
Grade 3 - Complete ROM against slight resistance, gravity eliminated
Grade 2 - Complete ROM, gravity eliminated
Grade 1 - Palpable Contraction
Grade 0 - No Palpable Contractile Activity

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
THUMB MP and IP Flexion
(Flexor pollicis brevis)
GRADE PT
3 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) 1st metacarpal
(resistance) MP flexion on
proximal phalanx in direction of
extension
4&5 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) 1st metacarpal
(resistance) MP flexion on
proximal phalanx in direction of
extension
(Figure 5-198)
2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3.
(Figure 5-199)
1 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate) tendon of flexor
pollicis longus in then eminence
then muscle belly of the flexor
pollicis brevis on the ulnar side
of the longus tendon in the thenar
eminence
THUMB IP Flexion
(Flexor pollicis longus)
GRADE PT
3 In Front of pt; (stabilize)
MP of thumb
(resistance) palmar surface of distal
phalanx of thumb in direction of
extension
(Figure 5-200)
Note: thumb to thumb
4&5 Same as Grade 3
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral. Thumb in adduction,
lying to 2nd metacarpal
(Figure 5-197)
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral. Thumb in adduction,
lying to 2nd metacarpal
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral. Thumb in adduction,
lying to 2nd metacarpal
Sitting; forearm supination, wrist
in neutral. Thumb in adduction,
lying to 2nd metacarpal
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral and MP of thumb extension
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral and MP of thumb extension
INSTRUCTION
“Bring your thumb across
the palm of your hand.
Keep the thumb in touch with
your palm. Don’t bend the end
joint. Hold it. Don’t let me
pull it back.”
“Bring your thumb across
the palm of your hand.
Keep the thumb in touch with
your palm. Don’t bend the end
joint. Hold it. Don’t let me
pull it back.”
“Bring your thumb across
the palm of your hand.
Keep the thumb in touch with
your palm. Don’t bend the end
joint. Hold it.”
“Bring your thumb across
the palm of your hand.
Keep the thumb in touch with
your palm. Don’t bend the end
joint. Hold it.”
INSTRUCTION
“Bend the end of your
thumb. Hold it. Don’t let
me straighten it.
“Bend the end of your
thumb. Hold it. Don’t let
me straighten it.
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 2 Same as for Grade 3
1&0 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate) flexor pollicis
longus on the palmar surface of
the proximal phalanx of the
thumb
THUMB MP Extension
(Extensor pollicis brevis)
GRADE PT
3 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) first metacarpal
(resistance) dorsal surface of distal
phalanx of thumb in direction of
flexion
4&5 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) first metacarpal
(resistance) dorsal surface of distal
phalanx of thumb in direction of
flexion
(Figure 5-205)
2 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and 3.
1 Same as for Grades 5, 4, and
3. (palpate) extensor pollicis
brevis at the base of the first
metacarpal
Grade 5 - Complete ROM against maximal resistance, against gravity
Grade 4 - Complete ROM against minimal resistance, against gravity
Grade 3 - Complete ROM with no resistance
Grade 2 - Complete partial ROM
Grade 1 - Palpable Contraction
Grade 0 - No Palpable Contractile Activity
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral and MP of thumb extension
Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist in
neutral and MP of thumb extension
PATIENT
Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist
in neutral; CMC and IP are relaxed
and slight flex. MP in abduction and
flexion
Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist
in neutral; CMC and IP are relaxed
and slight flex. MP in abduction and
flexion
Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist
in neutral; CMC and IP are relaxed
and slight flex. MP in abduction and
flexion
Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist
in neutral; CMC and IP are relaxed
and slight flex. MP in abduction and
flexion
“Bend the end of your
thumb. Hold it.”
“Bend the end of your
thumb. Hold it.”
INSTRUCTION
“Bring your thumb up so it
points toward the ceiling;
don’t move the end joint. Hold
it.”
“Bring your thumb up so it
points toward the ceiling;
don’t move the end joint. Hold
it. Don’t let me push it down.”
“Bring your thumb up so it
points toward the ceiling;
don’t move the end joint.”
“Bring your thumb up so it
points toward the ceiling;
don’t move the end joint.”
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
THUMB IP Extension
(Extensor pollicis longus)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Straighten the end of your
(support) table in neutral with ulnar side resting on thumb. Hold it.”
(stabilize) proximal phalanx thumb the table and thumb flexion
(Figure 5-207)

4&5 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Straighten the end of your
(support) table in neutral with ulnar side resting on thumb. Hold it. Don’t let me
(stabilize) proximal phalanx thumb the table and thumb flexion push it down.”
(resistance) dorsal surface of distal
phalanx of thumb in direction of
flexion

2 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist “Straighten the end of your
(stabilize) wrist over dorsal over dorsal surface thumb.”
surface; fingers by gently placing
the other hand across the fingers
just below the MP joints
(Figure 5-208)

1&0 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm pronation, wrist “Straighten the end of your
(palpate) extensor pollicis over dorsal surface thumb.”
longus on the ulnar side of the
“anatomical snuffbox”
(Figure 5-209)

THUMB Abduction
(Abductor pollicis longus)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(stabilize) metacarpals of the neutral and thumb relaxed in up.”
four fingers and wrist adduction
(Figure 5-213)

4&5 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(stabilize) metacarpals of the neutral and thumb relaxed in up.”
four fingers and wrist adduction
(resistance) distal end of 1st
metacarpal in direction of
adduction

2 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(stabilize) metacarpals of the neutral and thumb relaxed in up.”
four fingers and wrist adduction

1&0 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(palpate) abductor pollicis neutral and thumb relaxed in up.”
longus at the base of the first adduction
metacarpal on the radial side of
the extensor pollicis brevis
(Figure 5-214)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
THUMB Abduction
(Abductor pollicis brevis)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt; (stabilize) Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb vertically
metacarpals neutral and thumb relaxed in until it points to the
examiner’s hand across the adduction ceiling.”
patient’s palm with the thumb on
the dorsal surface of the patient’s
hand
(Figure 5-215)

Note: Handshake but wrist in

neutral

4&5 In Front of pt; (stabilize)
metacarpals
(resistance) lateral aspect of of
proximal phalanx of thumb in
direction of adduction
Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Lift your thumb vertically
neutral and thumb relaxed in until it points to the ceiling.
adduction Hold it. Don’t let me move
it.”

2 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Try to lift your thumb so it
(stabilize) wrist in neutral neutral, and thumb relaxed in points at the ceiling.”
adduction

1&0 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(palpate) belly of the abductor neutral, and thumb relaxed in up.”
pollicis brevis in the center of adduction
the thenar eminence, medial to
the opponens pollicis
(Figure 5-216)

THUMB Adduction
(Adductor pollicis)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm pronated, wrist “Bring your thumb up to

(stabilize) metacarpals of the four neutral and thumb relaxed and your index finger.”
fingers by grasping the patient’s hanging down in abduction
hand around the ulnar side (Figure
5-219)

4&5 In Front of pt; (stabilize)
metacarpals
(resistance) medial side of
proximal phalanx of thumb in
direction of abduction
Sitting; forearm pronated, wrist “Bring your thumb up to
neutral and thumb relaxed and your index finger. Hold it.
hanging down in abduction Don’t let me move it.”

2 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Try to lift your thumb so it
(stabilize) wrist on table and finger neutral resting on table, and thumb in points at the ceiling.”
metacarpals using your hand abduction
(Figure 5-220)

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1
 1&0 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm mid position, wrist “Lift your thumb straight
(palpate) adductor pollicis on neutral, and thumb relaxed in up.”
the palmar side of the web space adduction
of the thumb by grasping the web
between the index finger and
thumb (Figure 5-220)

Note: Palmar pinch needed

THUMB Opposition (Thumb to Little Finger)

(Opponens pollicis and Opponens digiti minimi)
GRADE PT PATIENT INSTRUCTION

3 In Front of pt;
(stabilize) holding wrist in dorsal
surface and on the table
Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Bring your thumb to your
neutral and thumb adduction with MP little finger and touch the
and IP flexion two pads, forming the letter
‘O’ with your thumb and
little finger.”

4&5 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Bring your thumb to your
(stabilize) holding wrist in dorsal neutral and thumb adduction with MP little finger and touch the
surface and on the table and IP flexion two pads, forming the letter
(resistance) ‘O’ with your thumb and
● Opponens Pollicis little finger.” Hold it. Don’t
- at the head of 1st let me move it.”
metacarpal in lat rot,
ext, add direction
(Figure 5-224)
● Opponens digiti
minimi
- palmar surface of 5th
metacarpal in med rot
direction
(Figure 5-225)
Note: Flattening palm

2 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Bring your thumb to your
neutral and thumb adduction with MP little finger.”
and IP flexion

1&0 In Front of pt; Sitting; forearm supinated, wrist “Bring your thumb to your
(palpate) neutral and thumb adduction with MP little finger.”
● Opponens Pollicis and IP flexion
- along the radial shaft
of the 1st metacarpal
(Figure 5-226)
● Opponens digiti
minimi
- hypothenar eminence
on the radial side of the
5th metacarpal
(Figure 5-227)
Note: Palmar pinch needed

Corpuz hP
BSPT 2-YA-1