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Ep 51531 P Phi 0005 (BB) Atex Philosophy
Ep 51531 P Phi 0005 (BB) Atex Philosophy
EXPRO PRODUCTION
FOR
ATEX Philosophy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3
2 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Definition of an explosive atmosphere ......................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 The Hazard Triangle ................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.3 Gas and Vapours ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.4 Gas Group: ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.5 Temperature Classification: ........................................................................................................ 6
3 General .............................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Units of Measurement .................................................................................................................. 10
4 References ..........................................................................................................................11
5 Assumptions/ Holds .............................................................................................................11
6 Codes and standards ............................................................................................................12
7 Design Data.........................................................................................................................13
7.1 Facility RAMA II ............................................................................................................................ 13
7.1.1 Process Conditions ................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 Meteorogical Data ........................................................................................................................ 14
7.2.1 Production data & Properties .................................................................................................... 14
7.2.2 Fluid PVT Data ......................................................................................................................... 15
8 RAMA II EPF site Area Classification ................................................................................17
3.1. Hazardous Material on site and sources of release: ......................................................................... 18
3.2 ATEX Areas classification on site: .......................................................................................................... 22
9 Electrical equipment rating ...................................................................................................23
ATEX Philosophy
1 INTRODUCTION
This document aims to define the explosive atmosphere classification for RAMA II EPF site.
The sites will be divided into different ATEX Zone level depending on the nature of the hazard and
explosive material and also the frequency of explosion causing events.
The equipment and instrument to be installed shall be adapted to the type and ATEX level of the zone it
will be installed on.
2 DEFINITIONS
Company : Sonatrach
Contractor : Expro Production
Project : RAMA II Early Production Facility EPF.
An ‘explosive atmosphere’ is a mixture with air (typically 21 %), under normal atmospheric conditions, of
flammable substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists or dusts in a quantity such that it is capable
of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture. After ignition has occurred, combustion spreads to the entire
unburned mixture.
Methane, hydrogen or coal dust are examples of possible fuels.
The following ignition sources are examples that can cause an explosion in the right circumstances:
• Hot surfaces
• Flames and hot gas
• Mechanically generated sparks
• Electrical equipment
• Equalising current
• Static electricity
• Lightning
• Electromagnetic fields
• Optical radiation
• Ionising radiation
• Ultrasonics
• Adiabatic compression (Air is pumped into a vessel and the vessel surface heats up).
• Chemical reactions
EP-51531-P-PHI-0005 (BB) ATEX Philosophy.doc
SONATRACH
ATEX Philosophy
The hazard triangle is used to understand the three basic conditions that must be satisfied to create a
fire or explosion. To an explosion it can come only if 3 things are at the same place, at the same time to
meet
• Fuel must be present in sufficient quantity and concentration. This could be a flammable liquid,
vapour or combustible dust.
• Supply of oxygen. In natural concentration in air or in increased concentration by supply from
process engineering systems.
• An ignition source.
Successfully suppressing or separating one or more of these three components can avoid a fire or
explosion.
EP-51531-P-PHI-0005 (BB) ATEX Philosophy.doc
SONATRACH
ATEX Philosophy
2.1.3 GAS AND VAPOURS
Basically, all gasses and vapours require oxygen to make them flammable. Too much or too little oxygen
and the mixture will not ignite. The properties of the mixture give information about a substance’s
burning behaviour. The relevant properties are:
• Flash point
• Ignition temperature
• Explosion limits
• Limiting oxygen concentration
Flash Point:
Flash points are normally associated with liquids, but a few materials give off vapours when still in the
solid state. The flash point of a flammable substance is the minimum temperature at which the material
gives off vapours in a quantity such that it is capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture. The
combustible gas or vapour will ignite momentarily on application of an effective ignition source.
Ignition Temperature:
The ignition temperature of a flammable substance is the minimum temperature at which the material
will ignite and sustain combustion. This is also known as the ‘Auto Ignition Temperature’.
Explosion Limits:
If the concentration of a sufficiently dispersed flammable substance in air exceeds a minimum value (the
lower explosion limit – LEL), an explosion is possible. No explosion occurs if the concentration exceeds a
maximum value (the upper explosion limit – UEL). Explosion limits change under conditions other than
atmospheric. The range of concentrations between the explosion limits widens, e.g. generally as the
pressure and temperature of the mixture increase. An explosive atmosphere can form above a
flammable liquid only if the temperature of the liquid exceeds a minimum value
The maximum oxygen concentration in a mixture of a flammable substance and air and an inert gas, in
which an explosion will not occur, determined under specified test conditions.
ATEX Philosophy
Vapour Density:
Vapour density of a gas is given relative to that of air. Many gases are lighter than air. Any vapour
release will rise and dilute rapidly. When indoors, these gases will collect in the roof space. Where gases
are heavier than air they will fall to the lowest point and fill sumps, trenches or hollows in the ground.
These gases can remain there long after the release has been stopped and continue to pose a danger.
In order to ignite a gas or vapour, a spark needs a certain amount of energy. The minimum ignition
energy is the spark energy in Joules, required to ignite the gases. Another parameter is the Minimum
Ignition Current (MIC). The Minimum Ignition Current is mostly used as a ratio relative to that of
methane.
Electrical equipment and instruments for use in flammable gases and vapours are divided into groups:
Group I for electrical or mechanical apparatus for mines susceptible to fire damp.
Group I equipment will not be discussed in this guide.
Group II is for electrical and mechanical apparatus used in places other than mines.
Gases of Group II are further divided into sub-divisions i.e. IIA, IIB and IIC.
The sub-divisions are based on experimental work conducted with flameproof and intrinsically safe
apparatus.
This sub-division is also called the explosion group.
ATEX Philosophy
The maximum surface temperature of electrical or mechanical apparatus must always be lower than the
ignition
temperature of the surrounding explosive atmosphere. The ignition temperature of different gases
varies considerably.
A mixture of air with hydrogen will ignite at 560 ºC but a mixture of air with diethyl ether will ignite at
170 ºC.
Apparatus are given a temperature classification consisting of 6 temperatures ranging from 85 ºC (T6) to
450 ºC (T1). The 6 ‘T’ classes are given in the Table below.
ATEX Philosophy
ATEX Philosophy
3 GENERAL
3.1 Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation Description
BOD Basis of Design
ATEX Philosophy
Distance km kilometer
Dimension m meter
- mm millimeter
Power kilowatt kW
Weight Kilogram kg
ATEX Philosophy
4 REFERENCES
5 ASSUMPTIONS/ HOLDS
Assumption SH Response
1 No flammable dust will be formed on site.
ATEX Philosophy
Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially ATEX Directive
explosive atmospheres 2014/34/EU
IEC System for Certification to Standards relating to equipment for
IECEx System
use in explosive atmospheres
Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU
European Standards
Explosive Atmosphere. Electrical Installations inspection and
EN 60079-17:2014
maintenance
Metallic Materials - Pressure retaining components EN-10204/3.1
Metallic Materials - Non pressure retaining components EN-10204/2.1
IET Wiring regulations BS7671
Analysis, design, installation and testing of basic surface safety API 14C /
systems for offshore production facilities. ISO10418:2003
Sizing, selection, and installation of pressure relieving devices in
API 520
refineries.
Guide for pressure relieving and de-pressuring systems. API 521
Installation of refinery instruments and control systems API 550
American Specification for Pipeline Valves API 6D
Petroleum Institute Valve Inspection and Testing API 598
API
Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
API 610
Industries
Positive Displacement Pumps API 674
API 675
Positive Displacement Pumps—Controlled Volume for
Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
ATEX Philosophy
Society Description Reference
Ingress Protection Mechanical Casings and Electrical Enclosures IP 65
Zone 2, Group IIA, T1
Hazardous Area
According to BS EN 60079 and Zone 2, Group
Classification
IIA, T3
National Fire
Protection Standard for Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection NFPA 20
Association
National Fire
Protection Fire and Gas Detection Systems NFPA 72
Association
7 DESIGN DATA
7.1 Facility RAMA II
ATEX Philosophy
7.2 Meteorogical Data
ATEX Philosophy
For the purposes of the process simulation the reservoir composition was based on the composition given below
taken from reference [1]:
Vapour Phase:
ATEX Philosophy
Condensate Phase:
ATEX Philosophy
Installations in which flammable materials are manufactured, handled or stored should be designed,
operated and maintained so that any releases of flammable material and the extent of hazardous areas
are kept to a minimum.
In situations where there may be an explosive gas atmosphere, the following steps should be taken:
• Eliminate the likelihood of an explosive gas atmosphere occurring around the source of ignition;
or
• Eliminate the source of ignition; or
• Limit the range of explosion flames and explosion pressures to a sufficient level of safety
A hazardous place is a place in which an explosive atmosphere may occur in such quantities as to require
special precautions to protect workers against explosion hazards. Such a quantity is termed a hazardous
explosive atmosphere.
As a basis for determining the extent of protective measures, any remaining hazardous places must
be classified in terms of zones according to the likelihood of occurrence of such atmospheres.
Zone 0:
A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air of flammable substances in
the form of gas,vapour or mist is present continuously or for long periods or frequently.(1000
Hours/Year)
Example: Surface of an open reservoir.
Zone 1:
A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air of flammable substances in
the form of gas, vapour or mist is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally. (10 to 1000
hours/year)
Example: Drainage points on vessels containing flammable liquids.
Zone 2:
A place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture with air of flammable substances in the form of
gas, vapour or mist is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period
only( Less than 10 hours/year).
ATEX Philosophy
The basic elements for establishing the hazardous zone types are the identification of the source of
release and the determination of the grade of release. Each item of process equipment e.g. tank, pump,
pipeline, vessel, …, should be considered as a potential source of release. Items, which contain
flammable material but cannot release it to the atmosphere like all-welded pipeline, are not considered
to be sources of release.
As the scope of the Expro equipment on site is to boost the gas and condensate produced to be sent to
export, different flammable fluids will be found at site.
The majority of the well fluids (on a volumetric basis), expected to be boosted, is gas with hydrocarbon
condensate and some produced water.
ATEX Philosophy
The table below shows the process equipment and sources of release of flammable material, the degree
of ventilation as well as the ATEX Zone it belongs to.
ATEX Philosophy
Table 5: Hazardous material release points, ventilation degree and ATEX Zone.
ATEX Philosophy
The table below summarize the flammable material that will be processed, stored and used on site:
ATEX Philosophy
As the equipment are exposed to the atmosphere and wind, the natural High ventilation rate will help to
dilute the flammable gas or vapour in the atmosphere helping reduce the hazard for the people and
installation on site.
The ATEX classification areas are reported on the layout below:
ATEX Philosophy
Most of the equipment processing combustible and flammable gas and vapours are in a zone 2 ATEX.
Thus, electrical components and instruments should be rated accordingly.
See below a table summarizing the instruments and equipment installed on site with their Location and
ATEX rating.
ATEX Philosophy
ATEX
Manufacturer Tx Type Model Location
rating
Differential 3051CD3A02A1BH2B1I1M5Q4 Zone 2, Knock Out Vessel
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4
Differential 3051CD3A02A1BH2B1I1M5Q4 Zone 2, Knock Out Vessel
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4
Differential 3051CD3A02A1BH2B1I1M5Q4 Zone 2, Separator Vessel
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4
Differential 3051CD3A02A1BH2B1I1M5Q4 Zone 2, Separator Vessel
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Bonatti Pump
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Surge Tank
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Knock Out Vessel
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 ESD Panel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Bonatti Pump
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 trunk line
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Separator Vessel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Separator Vessel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 ESD Panel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 ESD Panel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Air Scrubber
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 ESD Panel
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Upstream
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Manifold
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2, Upstream
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Manifold
Pressure 3051TG4A2B21BS5B4E8Y2Q4Q8 Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter M5T1 IIB, T4 Gas Export
Flow Nuflo MCIII Zone 2,
Cameron meter/Totalizer IIB, T4 Separator Oil Line
Rosemount Flow Nuflo MCIII Zone 2, Separator Oil Line
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ATEX Philosophy
meter/Totalizer IIB, T4
Flow Nuflo MCIII Zone 2,
Rosemount meter/Totalizer IIB, T4 Separator Oil Line
Temperature Zone 2,
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4 Separator Oil Line
Temperature Zone 2, Separator Water
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4 Line
Temperature Zone 2, Upstream
Rosemount Transmitter IIB, T4 Manifold
Crowcon Gas Detector Irmax Fixed Point Gas Detector Knock Out Vessel
Crowcon Gas Detector Irmax Fixed Point Gas Detector Knock Out Vessel
IPES Flame Detector IPES IR3 Optical Flame Detector Separator Vessel
IPES Flame Detector IPES IR3 Optical Flame Detector Separator Vessel
IPES Flame Detector IPES IR3 Optical Flame Detector Surge Tank Vessel