THE PASSIVE (2)

 Verbs P.P
 2 ways
 Indirect Object (IO) → person’s
 Direct Object (DO) → compl.
 P.S = use TO + IO
 By = for
 Prepositions:
─ In
─ On
─ For
─ To
─ With
─ At
─ By

VERBS OFTEN USED IN THE PASSIVE FORM + TO INFINITIVE

 Be allowed to
 Be supposed to
 Be expected to
 Be told/asked to

CAUSATIVES

 Have/Get: something done (without mentioning the person)

 Have changes
 Get informal
 Have/make/let: someone do something
 Make → person is obliged to do something or can’t help doing it
 Let → person is allowed
 Have → simply ask him/her to do something with no obligation or permission implied
 Make and Let in Passive Sentences
 Be made to + base form
 Be let to + base form
 In all the cases the person is after the:
 LET → allow or permit (give) + base form
 MAKE → force or pressure (require) + base form
 GET → ask, instruct, request (persuade) + infinitive
 HAVE → convince, coax or encourage (pay or ask) + base form
 HELP → aid (assist) + base form or TO + Verb
VERB PATTERNS

 VERBS + TO
─ Agree
─ Arrange
─ Can´t afford
─ Can’t wait
─ Decide
─ Expect
─ Hope
─ Learn
─ Manage
─ Offer
─ Ought
─ Plan
─ Pretend
─ Promise
─ Refuse
─ Threaten
─ Want
─ Would like
─ Would love
─ Would prefer
 VERBS + -ING
─ Admit (to)
─ Avoid
─ Consider
─ Deny
─ Dislike
─ Discuss
─ Enjoy
─ Fancy
─ Feel like
─ Imagine
─ Involve
─ Keep
─ Mind
─ Miss
─ Postpone
─ Practice
─ Recall
─ Recommend
─ Resent
─ Resist
─ Suggest
─ Tolerate
─ Can’t help
─ Can’t stand
─ Be used to
─ Get used to
─ Look forward to
 VERBS + BASE FORM (MODALS)
 VERBS + TO / -ING
─ Start
─ Like/love/hate
─ Prefer
─ Continue
 IDIOMS + -ING FORM
─ Be worth
─ There´s no point
─ Have difficulty
─ It´s no use
 VERBS + OBJECT + TO
─ Advise
─ Allow
─ Ask
─ Beg
─ Convince
─ Encourage
─ Expect
─ Forbid
─ Force
 VERBS + TO / -ING (difference in meaning)
─ Need
─ Try
─ Stop
─ Go on
─ Remember
─ Forget
─ Regret
 When present an object pronoun always use infinitive
 Preposition → ing
 Verb first → subject
 To get up = getting up