Name: Trần Vũ Khánh Hưng

ID: ITCSIU21182

Homework 3

III. Additive Rule

1.
a) P(AC) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
b) We have : P(AB) + P(ABC) = P(A)
so P(ABC) = P(A) - P(AB) = 0.3 – 0.1 = 0.2
c) We have : P(AB) + P(ACB) = P(B)
so P(ACB) = P(B) - P(AB) = 0.2 – 0.1 = 0.1
d) P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(AB) = 0.3 + 0.2 – 0.1 =0.4
P[(A ∪ B)C] = 1 - P(A ∪ B) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
e) The negation of A∪BC is ACB
so P(A ∪ BC) = P[(ACB)C] = 1 - P(ACB) = 1 – 0.1 = 0.9

2.
A : the event that a disk has high shock resistance
86
P(A) = = 0.86
100
B : the event that a disk has high scratch resistance

79
P(B) = = 0.79
100
 AB : the event that a disk has high shock resistance and high
scratch resistance
70
P(AB) = = 0.7
100

AC : the event that a disk has not high shock resistance

P(AC) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – 0.86 = 0.14
A ∪ B : the event that a disk has high shock resistance or high
scratch resistance
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(AB)
= 0.86 + 0.79 – 0.7 = 0.95

3.
We need to take 3 distinct letters followed by 4 distinct nonzero
digits, so the each coded item has 7 characters
Choose 3 distinct letters from 26 letters and considering ordered
arrangements of those letters: P(26,3)
Choose 4 distinct nonzero digits from 9 nonzero digits and
considering ordered arrangements of those digits: P(9,4)
The number of elements of this sample space is
n(Ω) = P(26,3) × P(9,4)
Let A be the outcome of randomly selecting one of these coded
items with the first letter a vowel and the last digit even
- Section 1 (3 distinct letters which the first letter is a vowel)
+ Choose 1 vowel from 5 vowels for the first character of the
coded item: 5 ways
 + Continue to choose 2 letters from the remaining 25 letters
and considering ordered arrangements of those letters:
P(25,2)
- Section 2 (4 distinct digits which the last is even digit)
+ Choose 1 even digit from 4 even digits for the last
character of coded item: 4 ways
+ Continue to choose 3 digits from the remaining 8 digits and
considering ordered arrangements of those letters: P(8,3)
The number of elements of this outcome is
n(A) = 5 × P(25,2) × 4 × P(8,3)
The probability of randomly selecting one of these coded items
with the first letter a vowel and the last digit even is

4.
a) P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
so P(C) = 1 – P(A) – P(B) = 1 – 0.001 – 0.990 = 0.009
b) We have B is the outcome that the machine underfill
So BC is the outcome that the machine does not underfill
P(BC) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – 0.001 = 0.999
c) The machine either overfills or underfills is B∪C
Since those two 2 outcomes B and C are mutually exclusive,
P(BC) = 0
P(B∪C) = P(B) + P(C) = 0.001 + 0.009 = 0.01
IV. Conditional probability - Multiplication rule
1.
Let A be the event that a disk has high shock resistance
Let B be the event that a disk has high scratch resistance
86
P(A) = = 0.86
100

a) The probability that its scratch resistance is high and

its shock resistance is high:
70
P(AB) = = 0.7
100

b) The probability that its scratch resistance is high given

that its shock resistance is high:
𝑃(𝐴𝐵) 35
P(A|B) = =
𝑃(𝐴) 43

2.
The number of people classifying themselves as Republicans is
600 so the number of people classifying themselves as
Democrats is 1000 – 600 = 400
We have 60 Republicans voted for the Democratic candidate so
there are 600 – 60 = 540 Republicans voted for the Republicans
candidate
Moreover, 50 Democrats voted for the Republican candidate so
there are 400 – 50 = 350 Democrats voted for the Democrats
candidate
 There are 50 voters for the Republican are 50 Democrats and
540 + 50 = 590 voters voting for the Republican
The probability that she or he is a Democrat in community
member voted for the Republican: 50 = 5
590 59

3.
a) Let A be the outcome that doubles are rolled
A = { (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6) }
The probability that doubles are rolled is

b) Let B be the outcome that the roll results in a sum of 4 or less

B = { (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (3,1) }
Let C be the outcome that doubles are rolled in a sum of 4 or
less C = { (1,1), (2,2) }
The conditional probability that doubles are rolled given that
the roll results in a sum of 4 or less is :

Let D be the outcome that at least one die roll is a 6 D =

{ (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
(1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6) }
The probability that at least one die roll is a 6
 c) Let E be the outcome that the two dice land on different
numbers
Therefore, EC is the outcome that two dice land on the same
numbers, so n(EC) = 6
n(E) = n(Ω) – n(EC) = 36 – 6 = 30
Let F be the outcome that at least one die roll is a 6 and the
two dice land on different numbers
F = { (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5),
(1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6) }
The conditional probability that at least one die roll is a 6 and
the two dice land on different numbers is
10 1
=
30 3

4.
A = {(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(1,5), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,3),(5,3),(6,3)}
AB = {(5,3),(3,5)}