Syllabus of

PHYSICAL MEDICINE

PHYSIO-WELLNESS.
PHYSIO-THERAPY.
PHYSIO-REHABILITATION

Developed and written by; WILLIAM KAYEMBA

 HOME BASED HEALTHCARE

PHYSICAL MEDICINE TEACHING SYLLABUS

Certificate of Exercise Therapy

Module 1 - 3

A three (3) months course for nurses

Developed and written by;

WILLIAM KAYEMBA ( Physiotherapist)

Physiotherapist contact: 0778361526 / 0756275145

 WILLIAM KAYEMBA

PHYSIOTHERAPIST

BORN 3rd/May/1991

Email: kayembawill24@gmail.com

William Kayemba is the head of physiotherapy services in the

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CENTRES (IMCs): these include;

1. IMC KOLOLO
2. IMC NTINDA
3. IMC KITGUM HOUSE
4. IMC NAMIREMBE ROAD
5. IDC YUSUFU LULE ROAD

He major in PHYSICAL MEDICINE, which includes;

PHYSIOWELLNESS, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND

PHYSIOREHABILITATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Special thanks must be given to the authors of the following books on which this physical
medicine teaching syllabus has been based:

x Neuromusculoskeletal Examination and Assessment ( By : NICOLA J PETTY and

ANNP MOORE)

x Exercise prescription ( By : DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH HONG KONG)

x The physiotherapist’s pocket guide to exercise ( By: ANGELLA GYLNN and HELLEN
FIDDLER)

x Essential Orthopedic for Physiotherapy.

STATEMENT OF INTENT
This document has been developed to make teaching of physical medicine to nurses
possible within three (3) months
Aims of teaching physical medicine to nurses:

a) Enabling nurses identify individuals ( patients or clients ) that need physical exercise.

b) Making the nurses able to perform a pre-exercise screening.

c) Laying the foundation for physical exercise programming.

d) Instilling in the nurses, knowledge about the benefits of physical exercise.

e) Promoting nurses’ involvement in physiowellness, physiotherapy and physio-

rehabilitation.

f) Promoting home-based healthcare.

SCOPE AND DEPTH

The syllabus has been divided into three broad topics, namely:
1. PHYSIO-WELLNESS.

2. PHYSIO-THERAPY.

3. PHYSIO-REHABILITATION.
Target:
This physical medical teaching syllabus is aimed to shorten the time for teaching skills
m physio-wellness, physiotherapy and physio-rehabilitation.
needed by nurses to perfor,m
TEACHING SEQUENCE

MODULE 1
TOPIC SUB TOPIC Number of
periods
Diabetes fitness 3
Cardiovascular fitness 3
Functional fitness 3
Weight management fitness 3
PHYSIOWELLNESS Bone – health fitness 3
Orthopedic fitness 3
Prenatal and post – partum fitness 3
Cancer fitness 3
Transitional fitness 3
Successful aging fitness 3

MODULE ASSESMENT

CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT END OF MODULE 1

Presentation 10% Written exam 30%
Test ( Quizzes ) 10% Presentation 10%
Vivas 10% Clinical 10%
Attitude 10% Vivas 10%
Total Percentage mark 40% Total Percentage mark 60%

MODULE 2

TOPIC SUB TOPIC Number of

periods
Ankle pain management 3
Heel pain management 3
Foot pain management 3
Lower back pain management 3
Upper back pain management 3
Hip pain management 3
PHYSIOTHERAPY Groin pain management 3
Thigh pain management 3
Hamstring pain management 3
Knee pain management 3
Neck pain management 3
Shoulder pain management 3
Arm, wrist and Hanel pain management 3
MODULE ASSESMENT

CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT END OF MODULE 1

2
Presentation 10% Written exam 30%
Test ( Quizzes ) 10% Presentation 10%
Vivas 10% Clinical 10%
Attitude 10% Vivas 10%
Total Percentage mark 40% Total Percentage mark 60%

MODULE 3

TOPIC SUB TOPIC Number

of periods
Rehabilitation of patients with immobility 3
Rehabilitation of patients with instability 3
Rehabilitation of patients with immobility on 3
stability
Rehabilitation of patients with instability on 3
mobility
PHYSIO-REHABILITATION Rehabilitation of patients with abnormal gait 3
Rehabilitation of patients with impure ADL 3
skills

MODULE ASSESMENT

CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT 3
END OF MODULE 1
Presentation 10% Written exam 30%
Test ( Quizzes ) 10% Presentation 10%
Vivas 10% Clinical 10%
Attitude 10% Vivas 10%
Total Percentage mark 40% Total Percentage mark 60%
 PHYSICAL MEDICINE

1 2 3
PHYSIOWELLNESS PHYSIOTHERAPY PHYSIOREHABILITATION

EXERCISES

STRETCHING EXERCISES

ENDURANCE EXERCISES
CARDIOPULMONARY
CONDTIONING EXERCISES
“ AEROBICS”

POWER EXERCISES

STRENGTHENING EXERCISES
EXERCISE SEQUENCE

Neck exercises
Shoulder exercises
Triceps exercises
Biceps exercises
Wrist exercises
Ankle exercises
Abdomen exercises
Chest exercises
Hip exercises
Oblique exercises
Upper back exercises
Lower back exercises
Iliotibial band exercises
Groin exercises
Quadriceps exercises
Hamstring exercises
Low leg exercises
PHYSIOWELLNESS
Physiowellness is the use of planned and structured exercises to prevent and manage particular
health problems and or attain better physical and mental outcomes.
PHYSIOWELLNESS CLINIC
A physiowellnessis clinic
Physiowellness run byisarun by a physiotherapist.
physiotherapist with assistance from nurses
The programs at the clinic are also monitored by the referring doctor(s).
Doctors that refer patients for
to the physiowellness
physiowellness clinic include;
include;
1. Physicians
2. General doctors
3. Nutritionists
4. Cardiologists
5. Orthosurgeons
6. Gynecologists
7. Neurologists
8. Pulmonologists, among others

THE TEN (10) FITNESS PROGRAMS.

Physiowellness
At involves theclinic,
the IMC Physiowellness following (10)fitness
ten (10) fittnessprograms
programsare offered;
1. Diabetes fitness
2. Cardiovascular fitness
3. Functional fitness
4. Weight management fitness
5. Bone – health fitness
Pre – laband
6. Prenatal fitness
postpartum fitness
7. Cancer fitness
8. Orthopedic fitness
9. Successful aging fitness
10. Transitional fitness
Physiowellness is one of the eight dimensions of wellness
PROGRAM TARGET CLIENTS
1. DIABETES FITNESS x For individuals with
type I or type II
diabetes or pre-
diabetic symptoms
2. CARDIOVASCULAR x For individuals who
FITNESS needs help on
managing their risk
factors cardiovascular
diseases.
x For individuals who
have completed the
third – phase of
cardiac rehabilitation.
x For individuals
building
cardiovascular
endurance and overall
body strength or
flexibility.
x For individuals with
pre-hypertension,
x For individuals with
stage 1 hypertension
x For individuals with
stage 2 hypertension
x For individuals with
exercise induced
hypertension.
3. FUNCTIONAL x Individuals with
FITNESS osteoarthritis (OA)
AIMS OF EXERCISE
x Improve blood
glucose control
x Reduce
cardiovascular risk.
x Contribute to weight
loss
x Improve well being
x Enable weight loss.
x Improve the
functional health
status
x Diminish all-cause
mortality
x Reduce the risk of
cardiovascular
disease.
x Reduce
atherosclerosis risk
factors.
x Improve quality of
life
x Improve resting
careliac function
x Improve serum
catecholamine levels
x Improve endothelial
function.
x Reduce morbidity and
hospital re-admission
rates.
x Improve ischemia
threshold, and blood
coagulation.
x Reduce pain
x Reduce disability
x Reduce medication
intake.
 x Improve muscle
strength
x Improve balance
x Improve self-efficacy
x Improve mental
health
x Improve physical
function level.
4. WEIGHT x For individuals who x Trimmer body
MANAGEMENT have overweight and x Less risk for health
FITNESS obesity. problems
x For individuals who x Stronger bones
need to increase their x Stronger muscles
physical activity x More endurance
through goal setting x Better mental outlook
and accountability. x Stress relief and better
sleep
x Better co-ordination
and flexibility.
x Injury protection
x Feel younger as your
age
5. BONE-HEALTH x For individuals with x Contribute to higher
FITNESS osteoporosis. peak bone mass
x Slowing the decline of
bone mineral density
(BMD)
x Provide the
mechanical stimuli or
loading important for
the maintenance and
improvement of bone
health.
x Improve strength and
balance.
x Increase muscle mass
6. ORTHOPEDIC x For individuals who x Improve body
FITNESS have had surgery, a composition.
re-occurring injury. x Improve
x For individuals who careliorespiration
have complete fitness
physical therapy. x Improve muscular
fitness
x Improve
neuromuscular fitness
7. PRE-NATAL AND x For pregnant women First trimester
POST-PARTUM in their first, second x Improving circulation
FITNESS or third trimester. x Decrease discomforts
x For mothers who have such as nausea and
completed their peri- muscle cramps.
partum physical x Keeping weight gain
therapy. at a healthy rate.
x Avoiding gestational
diabetes.
x Release stress
x Preparing the body for
the physical demands
of labour.
x Decreasing the risk of
spontaneous abortion
Second Trimester
x Decreasing perceived
discomfort.
x Keep weight gain at
recommended levels
x Decreasing the risk of
gestational diabetes
x Decrease constipation
x Reduce the risk of
muscle cramps
x Preparing for labour
and delivery
x Improving
psychological outlook
and self-esteem
x Feeling better about
the amazing charges
the body is going
through.
Third Trimester
x Increasing pain
tolerance.
x Shorten labour with
less intervention.
x Decreasing incidence
of vaginal tearing
x Decreasing chances of
needing a C-section

Post-Partum
8. CANCER FITNESS x For individuals who
have completed
cancer treatment.
9. TRANSITIONAL x For individuals who
FITNESS have a sedentary life
style and at risk of
serious health issues.
10. SUCCESSFUL x For males older than
AGING FITNESS 45 years
x For women older than
55 years
x For women who have
reached menopause
x For individuals with a
risky family history.
x Decreasing the
chances of needing a
forceps delivery
x Improving muscle
strength and stamina
x Toning muscles
stretched during
pregnancy and
delivery.
x Relieving stress and
muscle tension.
x Reduce risk of
depression.
x Improving self-
confidence and self-
image
x Improving energy
level.
x Restore muscle
function
x Restore range of
motion
x Overcoming fatigue
x Fighting depression
x Managing
lymphedema.
x Improve body
composition
x Improve
cardiopulmonary
fitness
x Improve muscular
fitness
x Improve flexibility
x Improve
neuromuscular fitness
x Lowering the risks
for;
Ͳ High blood
pressure
Ͳ High blood
cholesterol.
Ͳ Heart disease.
 Ͳ Stroke
Ͳ Diabetes
Ͳ Certain types of
cancer
Ͳ Arthritis
Ͳ Breathing
problems

Prepared with guidance from the head of physiotherapy department (IHK)

PT. IPUMBA GEORGE 0777202542
2. PHYSIOTHERAPY

PHYSIOTHERAPY
Physiotherapy is the use of physical exercises, heat, ice, manipulations, positioning
and physical re-education to improve, maintain and / or restore function, activity and
participation

PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC
Physiotherapy is run by a physiotherapist with assistance from nurses and other
healthcare practitioners.
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROGRAMS.
The common programs offered in physiotherapy include:
1. Ankle pain management
2. Heel pain management
3. Foot pain management
4. Lower back pain management
5. Upper back pain management
6. Hip pain management
7. Groin pain management
8. Thigh pain management
9. Hamstring pain management
10. Knee pain management
11. Neck pain management
12. Shoulder pain management
13. Arm, wrist and hand pain management

PHYSIOTHERAPY PROGRAMS.
Doctors that refer patients for physiotherapy include:
1. Physicians
2. General doctors
3. Nutritionists
4. Cardiologists
5. Gynecologists
6. Orthopedic surgeons
7. Neurologists
8. Pulmonologists, among others.
PROGRAM TARGET CLIENTS EXERCISES
1. ANKLE PAIN For individuals with:  Dorsiflexion
MANAGEMENT  Heel spur exercises
 Sprained ankle  Phantar flexion
 High ankle sprain exercises
 Achilles tendon  Foot inversion
rapture exercises
 Achilles tendonitis  Foot eversion
 Tibialis posterior exercises
tendinopathy  Toe extension
 Plantar fasciitis exercises
 Bunion  Toe flexion
 Metatarsalgia exercises
 Morton’s neuroma  Toe abduction
 Stress fracture exercises
 Stress fracture feet  Toe adduction
 Severe disease exercises
 Shin splints
 Ankle arthritis
 Retrocalcaneal
bursitis
 Anterior ankle
impingement
 Per planus ( Flat feet
)
 Tarsal tunnel
syndrome
 Sciatica
 Pinched nerve
 Cramps
 Muscle strain
 Fibromyalgia
 Lupus
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Psoriatic arthritis
2. HEEL PAIN For individuals with  Dorsiflexion
MANAGEMENT  Plantar fasciitis exercises
 Heel spur  Phantar flexion
 Archilles heel exercises
 Peroneal tendonitis  Foot inversion
 Tibialis posterior exercises
tendinopathy  Foot eversion
 Posterior exercises
impingement  Toe extension
syndrome exercises
 Heel arthritis  Toe flexion
 Stress fracture exercises
 Sever’s disease  Toe abduction
exercises
 Toe adduction
exercises

3. FOOT PAIN For individuals with:  Dorsiflexion

MANAGEMENT  Ankle injuries exercises
 Heel pain  Phantar flexion
 Plantar fasciitis exercises
 Bunion  Foot inversion
 Heel spur exercises
 Foot eversion
exercises
 Toe extension
exercises
 Toe flexion
exercises
 Toe abduction
exercises
 Toe adduction
exercises

4. LOWER BACK For individuals with:  Trunk extension

PAIN  Specific spinal exercises
MANAGEMENT pathologies ( spinal  Trunk flexion
infection, spinal exercises
arthropathies, caucla  Lateral trunk flexion
equine syndrome, exercises
spinal fractures )  Trunk rotation
 Radicular syndromes exercises
( Radicular pain,eg
sciatica,
Radiculopathy, spinal
stenosis )
 Non – specific lower
back pain ( sudden:
 traumatic injuries,
sustained overstress
injuries, back muscle
strain, back ligament
sprain )
 Back cramps
 Back muscle pain
 Core stability
seficiency
 Delayed onset
 Muscle soreness
 Osteoporosis
 Scheuermann’s
disease
 Scoliosis
 Spinal stenosis
 Spondylolisthesis
 Stress fracture spine
( cricket bowlers )
 Bulging disc
 Slipped disc
 Herniated disc
 Degenerative disc
disease
 Facet joint pain
 Nerve pain
 Pinched nerve
 Sciatica
 Sacroiliac joint pain
 Piriformis syndrome
 Pregnancy back pain
 Anklylosing
spondylitis
 Rheumatoid arthritis

5. UPPER BACK For individuals with:  Elevation exercises

PAIN  Facet joint pain  Depression
MANAGEMENT  Back muscle pain exercises
 Side strain  Protraction
 Whiplash exercises
 Muscle soreness  Retraction exercises
 Scheuermann’s  External rotation
disease exercises
 Scoliosis  Internal rotation
 Spondylosis exercises
 Spondylolysis  Abduction exercises
 Spinal stenosis  Adduction exercises
 Osteoporosis  Flexion exercises
  Rib stress fracture  Extension exercises
 Bulging disc
 Degenerative disc
disease
 Thoracic outlet
syndrome
 Nerve pain
 Pinched nerve
 Ankylosing
spondylitis
 Fibromyalgia
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Psoriatic arthritis
6. HIP PAIN For individuals with:  Hip extension
MANAGENT  Hip arthritis exercises
(Osteoarthritis )  Hip flexion
 Hip labral tear exercises
 Hip pointer  Hip internal rotation
 Femoroacetabular exercises
impingement  Hip external rotation
 Perthes disease exercises
 Slipped femoral  Hip abduction
 Capital epiphysis exercises
 Stress fracture  Hip adduction
 Avascular necrosis of exercises
the femoral head
 Gluteal tendinopathy
 Greater trochanteric
pain syndrome
 Trochanteric bursitis
 Adductor
tendinopathy
 Groin strain
 Osteitis pubis
 Inguinal hernia
 Sportsman’s hernia
 Hip flexor strain
 Piriformis syndrome
 Muscle strain
 Poor hip core
 Delayed onset
muscle soreness
 Cramps
 Core stability
deficiency
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Osteoporosis
 Sacroiliac joint pain

(SIJ)
 Sciatica
 Lower back pain
 Pinched nerve
 Hip replacement
7. GROIN PAIN For individuals with:  Hip extension
MANAGEMENT  Adductor exercises
tendinopathy  Hip flexion
 Groin strain exercises
 Osteitis pubis  Hip internal rotation
 Femoroacetabular exercises
impingement (FAI)  Hip external rotation
 Hip arthritis exercises
 Hip labral tear  Hip abduction
 Perthes disease exercises
 Slipped femoral  Hip adduction
capital epiphysis exercises
 Stress fracture  Trunk extension
 Avascular necrosis of exercises
the femoral head  Trunk flexion
 Inguinal hernia exercises
 Sportsman’s hernia  Lateral trunk flexion
 Hip flexor strain exercises
 Muscle strain (  Trunk rotation
muscle pain ) exercises
 DOMS
 Cramps
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Sacroiliac joint pain
 Lower back pain
 Pinched nerve
8. THIGH PAIN For individuals with:  knee extension
MANEGEMENT  Corked thigh exercises
 Thigh strain  knee flexion
 Hamstring exercises
 I TB syndrome  internal rotation
 Muscle strain exercises
 Cramps  external rotation
 Delayed onset exercises
muscle soreness
 Runner’s knee
 Fibromyalgia
 Stress fracture
 Overuse injuries
 Restless leg
syndrome
 sciatica
9. HAMSTRING For individuals with :  knee extension
STRAIN  Grade 1 hamstring exercises
MANAGEMENT strain  knee flexion
 Grade 2 hamstring exercises
strain  internal rotation
 Grade 3 hamstring exercises
strain  external rotation
exercises
10. KNEE PAIN For individuals with:  knee extension
MANAGEMENT  Knee ligament exercises
injuries  knee flexion
 ACL injury exercises
 MCL sprain  internal rotation
 LCL sprain exercises
 Posterolateral corner  external rotation
injury exercises
 Superior libiofibular
joint sprain
 Meniscus tear
 Discoid meniscus
 Chondromalacia
patella
 Fat pad syndrome
 Patella dislocation
 Patellofemoral pain
syndrome
 Osgood schlatter’s
 Sinding Larsen
Johansson syndrome
 Knee osteoarthritis
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Patella tendonitis
 Patella tendinopathy
 Pes anserinus
tendinitis
 Popliteus tendinitis
 Corked thigh
 Thigh strain
 Hamstring
 I TB syndrome
 Popliteus syndrome
 Muscle strain
 Cramps
 DOMS
 Bursitis knee
 Pes anserinus
bursitis
 Osgood schlatter’s
 Sinding Larsen
Johansson syndrome
 Runner’s knee
 Plica syndrome
 Fibromyalgia
 Stress fracture
 Overuse injuries
 Restless legs
syndrome
 Sciatica
 Knee arthroscopy
 Knee replacement
11. NECK PAIN For individuals with:  Neck flexion
MANAGEMENT  Whiplash exercises
 Fracture of vertebral  Neck extension
body, spinous or exercises
transverse procers  Neck rotation
 Ligamentous sprain exercises
 Muscular strain  Neck lateral flexion
 Spondylosis exercises
 Arthrosis  Neck lateral
 Rheumatoid arthritis extension exercises
 Ankylosing
spondylitis
 Neoplasm
 Cervical rib
 Infection
 Torticollis
 Hypermobility
syndrome
 Referral from the
upper cervical spine

12. SHOULDER For individuals with:  Elevation exercises

PAIN  Fracture of the  Depression
MANAGEMENT clavicle, humerus or exercises
scapula  Protraction
 Dislocation of one of exercises
the sternoclavicular  Retraction exercises
(SC) ,  External rotation
acromioclavicular exercises
(AC) and  Internal rotation
glenohumeral (GH) exercises
joints  Abduction exercises
 Ligamentous sprain  Flexion exercises
 Muscular strain  Extension exercises
 Calcification of
tendon, particularly
the rector cuff
 Frozen shoulder
 Rapture of the long
head of biceps
 Osteoarthritis
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Infection,eg TB
 Bursitis
 Muscle – imbalance
– related problems,
eg winged scapula
 Congenital
abnormalities eg,
sprengel’s shoulder
 Snapping scapula
 Neoplasm
 Thoracic outlet
syndrome
 Hypermobility and
instability syndromes
 Referral of symptoms
from viscera and
joints
13. ARM, WRIST For individuals with:  Elbow flexion
AND HAND  Fracture of humerus, exercises
PAIN radius or ulnar  Elbow extension
MANAGEMENT  Dislocation of the exercises
head of the radius (  Pronation exercises
most commonly seen  Supination
in young children ) exercises
 Ligamentous sprain  Wrist flexion
 Muscular strain exercises
 Volkmann’s ischemic  Wrists extension
contracture exercises
 Tennis elbow /  Radial deviation
golfers’s elbow exercises
 Osteoarthrosis  Ulnar deviation
 Calcification of exercises
tendons or muscle,  Finger flexion
eg myositis exercises
ossificans  Finger extension
 Rheumatoid arthritis exercises
 Infection, eg TB  Finger abduction
 Compression of , or exercises
injury to the ulnar  Finger adduction
nerve exercises
 Bursitis
 Cubital varus or
cubital valgus,
 Fracture of the carpal
or metacarpal bones
or phalanges
 Dislocation of
interphalangeal joints
 Crush injuries of the
hand
 Ligamentous sprain
 Muscular strain
 Tendon and tendon
sheath injuries
 Digital amputations
 Peripheral nerve
injuries
 Osteoarthrosis
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Tenosynovitis, eg de
quervain disease
 Carpal tunnel
syndrome
 Guyon’s canal
compression
 Infections eg, animal
or human bites
 Dupuytren’s disease
 Complex regional
pain syndrome (
reflex sympathetic
dystrophy )
 Neoplasm
 Hypermobility
syndrome
 Referral of symptoms
from the thoracic
spine, cervical spine,
shoulder , elbow,
wrist or hand
3. PHYSIO-REHABILITATION
PHYSIO-REHABILITATION
Physio-rehabilitation is the use of physical exercises, heat, ice, manipulations,
function function
positioning and /or restore physical activity and participation.
activity and participation.
PHYSIO-REHABILITATION CLINIC
Physio-rehabilitation is run in by a physiotherapist with assistance from nurses and
other healthcare practitioners.
PHYSIO-REHABILITATION REFERRALS
Doctors that refer patients to physiotherapists for physio-rehabilitation includes :
1. Physicians
2. General doctors
3. Nutritionists
4. Cardiologists
5. Gynecologists
6. Orthopedic surgeons
7. Neurologists
8. Pulmonologists, among others.

PHYSIO-REHABILITATION PROGRAMS
Physio-rehabilitation involves the following programs.
1. Rehabilitation of patients with immobility
2. Rehabilitation of patients with instability
3. Rehabilitation of patients with immobility on stability
4. Rehabilitation of patients with instability on mobility
5. Rehabilitation of patients with abnormal gait
6. Rehabilitation of patients with impure skill
 PHYSIO-REHABILITATION

FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION

LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS

TESTS

REHABILITATION PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES AND PHYSICAL EXERCISES.

PROGRAM TARGET CLIENTS EXERCISES

1. REHABILIATATION For individuals with:  Mobilization
OF PATIENT WITH  Corticol lesions exercises
IMMOBILITY  Internal capsule  Positioning
lessions exercises
 Mid brain lesions
 Medulla lesions
 Spinal cord lesion
 Nerve root lesions
(radiculopathies)
 Peripheral nerve
lesions (
neuropathies)
 Neuromuscular
junction lesions of
the muscles
(myopathies)
2. REHABILIATATION For individuals with:  Postural support
OF PATIENT WITH  Corticol lesions exercises
INSTABILITY
  Internal capsule  Postural correction
lessions exercises
 Mid brain lesions  Balance exercises
 Pons lesions  Co-ordination
 Medulla lesions exercises
 Spinal cord lesion  Reaching forward
 Nerve root without stretched
lessions ( arm while standing
Radiculopathies ) exercises
 Neuromuscular  Pick up object
junction lessions of from the floor from
the muscles standing position
(Myopathies ) exercises
 Turn to look
behind over left
and right
shoulders while
standing exercises
 Turn 360 degrees
exercises
 Placing alternate
foot on step or
stool while
standing
unsupported
exercises
 Standing
unsupported one
foot infront
exercises
 Standing on one
leg exercises
3. REHABILITATION For individuals with :  Sitting to standing
OF PATIENTS  Corticol lesions exercises
WITH IMMOBILITY  Internal capsule  Standing
ON STABILITY lesions unsupported
 Mid brain lesions exercises
 Pons lesions  Sitting with back
 Medulla lesions unsupported but
 Spinal cord lesions feet supported on
 Nerve root lesions the floor or on
( Radiculopathies) stool exercises
 Peripheral nerve  Standing to sitting
lesions exercises
(neuropathies)  Transfer exercises
 Neuromuscular  Mat exercises
junction lesions of  Standing
the muscles ( unsupported with
myopathies )
 eyes closed
exercises
 Standing
unsupported with
feet together
exercises
4. REHABILITATION For individuals with :  Postural fixation
OF PATIENTS  Corticol lesions exercises
WITH IMMOBILITY  Internal capsule  Head righting
ON STABILITY lesions exercises
 Mid brain lesions  Trunk righting
 Pons lesions exercises
 Medulla lesions  Counterpoising
 Spinal cord lesions exercises
 Nerve root lesions  Tilt reactions
( Radiculopathies) eliciting exercises
 Peripheral nerve  Weight bearing
lesions exercises
(neuropathies)  Pelvic girdle
 Neuromuscular fixation exercises
junction lesions of  Saving from falling
the muscles ( exercises
myopathies )

5. REHABILITATION For individuals with :  Correction of

OF PATIENTS  Corticol lesions abnormal postures
WITH ABNORMAL  Internal capsule during standing
GAIT lesions and walking
 Mid brain lesions  Head, trunk and
 Pons lesions pelvic postural
 Medulla lesions fixation and
 Spinal cord lesions counterpoising in
 Nerve root lesions sitting, support on
( Radiculopathies) handing in upright
 Peripheral nerve kneeling, half
lesions kneeling as well as
(neuropathies) standing
 Neuromuscular  Building up the
junction lesions of child’s stability by
the muscles ( decreasing
myopathies ) support
 Weight shifting
and development
of stepping, taking
weight on legs
alternatively
 Equal distribution
of weight on each
foot during stance
  Training lateral
sway
 Training to stop
while walking, turn
and walk on an
uneven ground
 Training climbing
stairs and inclines
 Train or teach use
of prosthetics,
orthoses, and
walking aids
6. REHABILITATION For individuals with :  Regular activity –
OF PATIENTS  Corticol lesions based exercises
WITH IMPURE  Internal capsule  Regular
SKILLS OF lesions occupation –
PERFORMING  Mid brain lesions based exercises
ADLs  Pons lesions  Repetition of
 Medulla lesions movements during
 Spinal cord lesions exercises
 Nerve root lesions
( Radiculopathies)
 Peripheral nerve
lesions
(neuropathies)
 Neuromuscular
junction lesions of
the muscles (
myopathies )