Assignment #01

Name: Husnain Ali

Roll No: 20014156-077

Course Tittle: Mobile Application and Development

Instructors: Mr. Muhammad Bilal Arshad

Date: 05/08/23
 History of Android

Title: The History of Android

Introduction:
The Android operating system has become an integral part of our lives, powering
millions of devices worldwide. Developed by Google, Android has revolutionized
the mobile industry and has expanded its reach to various other devices. This
assignment explores the fascinating history of Android, from its humble
beginnings to its current status as the leading mobile operating system.
1. Early Development (2003-2007):

In 2003, Android Inc. was founded by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears,
and Chris White. The company aimed to develop an advanced operating
system for digital cameras.
Later, the vision shifted towards creating a mobile operating system to
compete with established players like Symbian and Windows Mobile.
In 2005, Google acquired Android Inc., signaling its entry into the mobile
industry.

2. Android OS Announcements and Milestones (2007-2010):

On November 5, 2007, Google announced the Open Handset Alliance

(OHA), a consortium of technology and mobile companies aimed at
promoting open standards for mobile devices.
Android OS, based on the Linux kernel, was officially announced on
November 12, 2007, along with the Open Source Project (AOSP).
The first commercial Android device, the HTC Dream (also known as the T-
Mobile G1), was released in October 2008.
In 2009, Android 1.5 Cupcake was released, introducing features like an on-
screen keyboard, video recording, and third-party widgets.

3. Market Expansion and Competition (2010-2013):

Android gained significant market share, challenging other mobile operating

systems. In 2010, Android surpassed iOS as the most popular smartphone
platform.
Android 2.2 Froyo (2010) introduced features like USB tethering and
support for Adobe Flash.
 Android 3.0 Honeycomb (2011) marked Google's foray into the tablet
market.
Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (2011) brought a unified interface for
smartphones and tablets, along with features like facial recognition unlock.
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (2012) introduced Project Butter, enhancing
performance and responsiveness.
By 2013, Android dominated the global smartphone market, with a wide
range of devices from various manufacturers.

4. Maturing and Expansion of the Ecosystem (2014-2017):

Android 4.4 KitKat (2013) focused on optimizing memory usage and

performance, making it suitable for low-end devices.
Android 5.0 Lollipop (2014) brought a significant visual overhaul and
introduced the Material Design language.
Android 6.0 Marshmallow (2015) focused on improving battery life with the
introduction of Doze mode.
Android 7.0 Nougat (2016) introduced split-screen multitasking and further
improvements to performance and battery life.
Android 8.0 Oreo (2017) introduced Project Treble, aimed at simplifying
and accelerating software updates across devices.

5. Modern-day Dominance and Recent Developments (2018-2023):

Android 9.0 Pie (2018) emphasized gesture-based navigation and introduced

features like Adaptive Battery and Digital Wellbeing.
Android 10 (2019) introduced a system-wide dark mode and focused on
privacy and security enhancements.
 Android 11 (2020) improved upon user privacy controls, chat bubbles, and
wireless Android Auto.
Android 12 (2021) introduced a fresh design language called Material You,
featuring personalized theming and enhanced privacy settings.
As of 2023, Android continues to dominate the global smartphone market,
with frequent updates and ongoing development

Conclusion

In conclusion, the history of Android showcases its evolution from a small

start-up to the most widely used mobile operating system worldwide. It has
revolutionized the way we interact with smartphones and has constantly
strived to improve the user experience. With its open-source nature, Android
has fostered innovation and provided a platform for developers to create
diverse applications. Its constant updates and improvements have made it a
powerful and versatile operating system, shaping the mobile industry and
influencing the way we communicate, work, and consume media on our
devices.

<<<….The End….>>>