O&m SKS 419452

Operator
and
Maintenance
Manual
PART NO. 419452
Series SKS
Infinity Blasthole Drill
Reedrill
3501 S. FM Hwy 1417, Denison, TX 75020 P.O. Box 998, Sherman, TX 75091-0998
Telephone 1-800-854-9030 Telefax 1-800-582-6570
Introduction
WARNING:
Operator and maintenance personnel MUST read and un-
derstand this manual BEFORE operating or performing
maintenance work. Each person must be satisfied that
they have adequate knowledge to perform the required
tasks on this machine.
DRILL MODEL
DRILL SERIAL NO.
DATE DELIVERED
DEALER
CUSTOMER
CAUTION:
DO NOT weld on any part of the machine without first
disconnecting the negative battery cable or place the
battery disconnect switch in the open position. On ma-
chines equipped with electronic engine, disconnect the
connections to the Electronic Control Module (ECM) on
the engine before welding.
Fig. i-0 Electronic Control Module - Caterpillar 3412E Electronic Engine

1. Electronic Control Module (ECM)
2. Plug-Ins (shown disconnected) Disconnect from ECM BEFORE welding.
SKS Operator Introduction i

Parts Ordering & Product Support
Use only genuine Reedrill parts in the maintenance, rebuild, or repair, of Reedrill machines. Reedrill shall have
no liability as to any unauthorized modification of machines or parts and shall have no obligation or liability as
to any machines or parts which have been improperly handled, or which have not been operated, maintained,
or repaired according to Reedrill's furnished manuals, or other written instructions, or which are operated with
other than genuine Reedrill parts.
Your cooperation in furnishing as much information as possible will

assist us in filling your orders correctly and in the shortest possible time.
1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MACHINE

Always furnish the Reedrill Model Number and Serial Number when ordering parts.
This information is found on the machine nameplate.
2. PART NUMBER AND DESCRIPTION

In addition to the Serial Number, always give the part number and description of each part
ordered. If there is any doubt as to the correct part number and description, furnish a dimensioned
sketch or return the part to be replaced, transportation charges prepaid.
3. SHIPMENT
Unless otherwise instructed, all shipments will be made via motor freight collect or UPS prepaid
and charged on our invoice. Shipments cannot be made on open account until your credit has
been approved by our Accounting Department.
MAILING ADDRESS SHIPPING ADDRESS

Reedrill Reedrill
P. O. Box 998 3501 S. FM Hwy 1417
Sherman, TX. 75091-0998 Denison, TX. 75020
FOR PARTS ORDER ENTRY FOR PRODUCT SERVICE & WARRANTY

In North America Telephone 1-800-854-9030 In North America Telephone 1-800-854-9030
or Telefax 1-800-582-6570 Telephone (903) 786-2981
Telephone (903) 786-2981 Telefax (903) 786-6408
Telefax (903) 786-6407
ii SKS Operator Introduction

Product Description
WARNING:
DO NOT use this machine for any other purpose than
blasthole drilling.
The Infinity Series rotary blasthole drills are designed
for blasthole drilling purposes only.
Any other use could result in personal injury, property
damage and will void the warranty.
The Reedrill Infinity Series is specifically designed for Blast Hole Drilling Operations.
The SKS is a crawler mounted drill rig, which consist of two (2) major assemblies:
1. Rotary Drill Assembly

2. Excavator Type Undercarriage
The Rotary Drill assembly is made up of the Engine Package, Compressor Package, Hydraulic
System, Rotary Drive, Pull-Down and Hoisting System and Drill Pipe Handling mechanism.
The Crawlers are powered by two (2) hydrostatic motors. Each Crawler has its own indepen-
dent, variable and reversible speed control, and is equipped with 29.5 inch (750mm) wide triple
cleated grousers.
Manual Contents
This manual is furnished with your Reedrill Infinity Series Blasthole Drill to acquaint you with the
correct operating procedures and to provide the necessary daily equipment maintenance informa-
tion required to maintain your machine in a reasonable condition.
NOTE This manual should be considered a permanent part of your machine and
must remain with the machine at all times.
The instructions in this manual are not intended to cover all details about this machine, nor do
they intend to provide for every possible contingency that may be encountered in connection with
the daily operation or maintenance of this machine.
Should further information be desired or should particular problems arise which are not cov-
ered sufficiently in this manual, the matter should be referred to Reedrill.
The descriptions and specifications contained in this manual were in effect at the time of
printing. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice and without obligation.
SKS Operator Introduction iii

SKS Locator
FRONT OF MACHINE
Fig. i-1 SKS Top View with mast removed
iv SKS Operator Introduction

SKS Locator
Fig. i-2 SKS Upper Mast
Fig. i-3 SKS Rear View and Lower Mast

SKS Operator Introduction v
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Parts Ordering & Product Support ........................................................................................... ii
Product Description ................................................................................................................ iii
Manual Contents ..................................................................................................................... iii
SKS Major Components Locator ............................................................................................. iv
SECTION 1 SAFETY
Overview of Potential Hazards .............................................................................................. 1-2
Minimum Clearances from High Voltage Lines ....................................................................... 1-2
Safety Instructions - Before, During & After Operation ............................................................ 1-3
Safety Instructions - Maintenance & Equipment Transfer ......................................................... 1-4
SECTION 2 OPERATOR CONTROLS

Graphic Symbol Legend ........................................................................................................ 2-2
Operator Control Panel ........................................................................................................ 2-8
Instrument Panel (non-electronic engine) .............................................................................. 2-10
Instrument Panel (electronic engine) .................................................................................... 2-12
System Pressure Gauge Panel ............................................................................................ 2-14
Switch Panel ...................................................................................................................... 2-16
SECTION 3 MAINTENANCE
Service Points - Mainframe ................................................................................................... 3-2
Service Points - Mast ........................................................................................................... 3-3
Lubrication - General ............................................................................................................ 3-6
Equipment Lubrication ........................................................................................................ 3-6
Care of Lubrication Points .................................................................................................. 3-6
Lubrication & Maintenance Chart .......................................................................................... 3-7
Lubricant Specifications ..................................................................................................... 3-10
Hydraulic System ............................................................................................................. 3-10
Compressor .................................................................................................................... 3-11
Lubricating Grease ........................................................................................................... 3-12
Gear Lubricant ................................................................................................................. 3-12
Engine Oil ........................................................................................................................ 3-12
Lubrication - Compressor & Winch ...................................................................................... 3-13
Lubrication - Fan Drive........................................................................................................ 3-14
Preventive Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 3-15
Hydraulic System Maintenance .......................................................................................... 3-15
Cooling System Maintenance ............................................................................................ 3-15
Cooling System Freeze Protection .................................................................................... 3-16
Air Cleaners ..................................................................................................................... 3-16
Air Filter Elements ............................................................................................................ 3-16
Electrical System ............................................................................................................. 3-16
Scheduled Oil Sampling Analysis .......................................................................................... 3-17
Machine Storage ............................................................................................................... 3-18
vi SKS Operator Introduction

Table of Contents
SECTION 4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Commissioning A New Machine ............................................................................................ 4-2
Walk Around Checks ............................................................................................................ 4-2
Pre-Start Checklist ............................................................................................................... 4-3
Fire Extinguisher Specifications ............................................................................................. 4-3
Start-Up Procedure .............................................................................................................. 4-4
To Start Engine: ................................................................................................................. 4-4
After Start Checks ............................................................................................................... 4-5
Shut Down .......................................................................................................................... 4-5
Emergency Shutdown .......................................................................................................... 4-6
Cold Weather Starting .......................................................................................................... 4-8
Hydraulic System Warm-Up ................................................................................................. 4-8
Compressor Warm-Up (Low Pressure) ............................................................................... 4-10
Cold Weather Package (optional) ....................................................................................... 4-11
Heater/Pump Unit ............................................................................................................ 4-11
Alcohol Injection ............................................................................................................... 4-11
Propelling Machine ............................................................................................................. 4-13
Propelling Up, Down and Across Grades ........................................................................... 4-14
Propelling Over Cables ..................................................................................................... 4-15
Leveling Machine ............................................................................................................... 4-17
Re-Leveling Machine ........................................................................................................... 4-19
Raising Mast...................................................................................................................... 4-20
Lowering Mast .................................................................................................................. 4-21
Loading Drill Pipe ............................................................................................................... 4-22
Preparing to Drill ............................................................................................................... 4-23
Installing and Removing Drill Bit ......................................................................................... 4-23
Drilling Procedures ............................................................................................................ 4-24
Multiple Pass Drilling .......................................................................................................... 4-26
Adding Drill Pipe ............................................................................................................... 4-27
Retracting Drill Pipe............................................................................................................ 4-28
SECTION 5 DRILLING PRACTICES

Drilling Terminology.............................................................................................................. 5-2
Bit Weight & Rotary Speeds .................................................................................................. 5-3
Rotary Drill Bits .................................................................................................................... 5-5
Drag Bits ........................................................................................................................... 5-5
Tri-Cone Roller Bits ............................................................................................................. 5-6
Rotary Blast Hole Drill Strings ............................................................................................... 5-8
Drill Pipe ............................................................................................................................ 5-8
Fabricated Drill ................................................................................................................... 5-8
Pipe Threads ..................................................................................................................... 5-9
A.P.I. Regular Threads ...................................................................................................... 5-9
BECO Threads ................................................................................................................. 5-9
SKS Operator Introduction vii

Table of Contents
SECTION 5 DRILLING PRACTICES

Thread Grease ................................................................................................................. 5-10
Substitutes ...................................................................................................................... 5-10
Drill Bit Stabilizers .............................................................................................................. 5-11
Compressed Air................................................................................................................. 5-12
Air Requirements ............................................................................................................ 5-12
Up-Hole Velocity Calculations ............................................................................................. 5-12
Drilling Related Problems .................................................................................................... 5-13
Human Error Problems .................................................................................................... 5-13
Operational Related Problems ........................................................................................... 5-13
Formation Related Problems ............................................................................................. 5-13
Operating Problems and Indicators ..................................................................................... 5-14
Solving Drilling Problems .................................................................................................... 5-15
SECTION 6 MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS AND TRANSPORT

SKS Dimensions and Center of Gravity .................................................................................. 6-2
Weights and Dimensions..................................................................................................... 6-5
Maximum Ground Pressure ................................................................................................ 6-5
Maximum Wind Speed ......................................................................................................... 6-5
Transporting Machine .......................................................................................................... 6-6
Mast Removal .................................................................................................................... 6-6
Mast Installation ................................................................................................................. 6-7
Loading Machine ................................................................................................................ 6-8
Lifting Points ................................................................................................................... 6-10
Unloading Machine ........................................................................................................... 6-10
Loading Mast ................................................................................................................... 6-11
Unloading Mast ................................................................................................................ 6-11
SKS Transient Stability Limits .............................................................................................. 6-12
Metric Conversion Table ..................................................................................................... 6-13
viii SKS Operator Introduction

Section 1
Safety
SKS Safety 1-1

Overview of Potential Hazards
The Rotary Drill is a heavy moving machine with a mast which raises vertically for drilling. Like all moving objects and
reach extending devices, there are potential hazards associated with its use. These hazards will be minimized if the
machine is properly inspected and maintained. The operators should read this manual and have been trained to use the
machine in an appropriate and safe manner. Should any questions arise concerning the maintenance or operation of the
machine contact Reedrill at 1-800-258-0009.
In this section and those that follow, the word:

DANGER means that severe injury or death will result from failure to follow instruction.
WARNING means that severe injury or death can result from failure to follow instruction.
CAUTION means that minor injury or property damage can result from failure to follow instruction.
NOTE means that special attention should be given to the instruction.
POTENTIAL HAZARD EFFECT PREVENTION
Electrical Contact DANGER: Will cause Serious Injury Maintain minimum clearance from
or Death. high voltage power lines. Refer to
"Minimum Clearance for High Volt-
age Lines" chart in this section.
Machine is NOT insulated.
Contaminated Air DANGER: WILL cause Serious Injury Do Not run machine in an area
or Death. without good ventilation.
Unit Overturn WARNING: Can Cause Serious Injury Do Not travel on steep inclines or
or Death. tram crosswise to grades.
Moving Parts WARNING: Can Cause Serious Injury Do Not operate machine until
or Death. all people are clear of the area.
Do Not lubricate or service while
machine is running.
High Pressure Air or Fluid WARNING: Can Cause Serious Injury Relieve pressure on hydraulic and
or Death. pneumatic systems before loosen-
ing hoses or connections.
Clearances from High Voltage Lines

Voltage Minimum Clearance
up to 50 kv 10 ft. (3 m)
over 50 to 75 kv 11 ft. (3.4 m)
over 75 to 125 kv 13 ft. (4 m)
over 125 to 175 kv 15 ft. (4.6 m)
over 175 to 250 kv 17 ft. (5.2 m)
over 250 to 370 kv 21 ft. (6.4 m)
over 370 to 550 kv 27 ft. (8.2 m)
over 550 to 1000 kv 42 ft. (12.8 m)
1-2 SKS Safety
Safety
Before Operation
• Do study this manual and fully understand the controls.

• Do be sure all safety guards are securely in place.
• Do wear safety helmet, glasses and hearing protection when operating or working on machine.
• Do be sure all personnel are clear of the machine and work area before starting the engine or
operating machine.
• Do be sure drill area is clear of all obstructions before operating machine.
• Do attach safety chain when using towbar.
• Do Not operate machine with:
• A hydraulic leak
• Broken or damaged electrical wiring
• Damaged hydraulic hoses or fittings
During Operation
• Do provide sufficient ventilation when running the engine in an enclosed area. Exhaust gasses
contain carbon monoxide, a deadly poison, which is colorless and odorless.
• Do make sure the drill pipe is secured in the loader before raising or lowering the mast, if your
machine is equipped with a drill pipe loader
• Do examine the surface before drilling to determine the possible presence of unfired explosives.
• Do Not drill into or near a "bootleg" hole or any hole that may contain explosives.
• Do Not use the machine for any other purpose than what it was designed for. This machine is
designed for rotary blasthole drilling operations only.
• Do Not wear jewelry or loose fitting clothing when working on machinery. Keep clothing and
hands clear of moving parts.
• Do Not travel on steep inclines soft or unstable ground or close to unsupported excavations.
• Do Not move machine if Rotary Drill is in a potentially unstable position.
• Do Not propel machine with mast up.
After Operation
• Follow Shut Down Procedures given in section 4.
SKS Safety 1-3

Safety
Maintenance
• Do be sure two people are present when performing service work, both being fully trained on the
safety issues. One person shall supervise from the operator's position and have immediate
access to an emergency stop in all situations. Visual, audible or verbal communication signals
must be established and understood by both persons.
• Do be sure each person is adequately trained to perform service and maintenance procedures.
• Do place a warning tag on starting controls to alert personnel that someone is working on the
machine and disconnect battery before making repairs or adjustments to machine.
• Do be sure you have adequate lighting when performing service work at night.
• Do relieve pressure on hydraulic or pneumatic systems before loosening connections or parts.
• Do be sure machine and components are well supported before servicing or replacing parts.
• Do maintain a metal-to-metal contact between the fill nozzle and fuel tank when filling the fuel
tank. This will prevent sparks and the possibility of an explosion.
• Do Not climb on mast.
• Do Not hammer bit or drill pipe. Use only proper tools to make repair or adjustments.
• Do Not weld or grind near oil lines.
• Do Not attempt to remove radiator cap when engine is hot or has overheated.
• Do Not smoke or use an open flame near batteries, when servicing the batteries. Batteries can
give off hydrogen which is a highly explosive gas.
• Do Not leave tools or other loose objects on the engine, drive mechanisms or drilling platform.
They could be thrown by this equipment with a powerful force.
Equipment Transfer
• If all or part of the equipment is shipped to a new destination, always include a complete instruc-
tion manual or a copy of the following topics from the operator's manual:
• Safety Section
• Operation Instructions including:
• Pre-Start Checks
• Start-up
• After Start Checks
• Shutdown Procedure
• Propelling Machine
1-4 SKS Safety

Section 2
Operator Controls
SKS Operator Controls 2-1

Graphic Symbol Legend
The following is an alphabetical listing of the graphic symbols and their basic description. The con-
trol functions are described in detail, following these pages.
Air Line Lubricator

Drill Pipe Loader - SWING
Breakout Wrench (Manual)

Drill Pipe Support
Compressor Discharge Temperature
Drill Stem Thread Lube

Drill Hourmeter
DRILL (Drill/Propel Switch)

Drill Pipe Loader Lock
Drilling Air
Drill Pipe Loader - ROTATE
2-2 SKS Operator Controls

Engine RPM
Drilling Air Pressure
Engine START
Dust Collector
Engine STOP (also By-Pass)
Dust Curtain
Ether Injection
Engine Coolant Temperature Fuel Level
Engine Hourmeter
Hoist/Pulldown - LOWER
Engine Oil Pressure
Hoist/Pulldown - RAISE
Hydraulically Operated Breakout

Wrench (HOBO) - CLAMP
Jack - FRONT
Hydraulically Operated Breakout

Wrench (HOBO) - SWING
Jack - LEFT REAR
Hydraulic System Pressure
Ignition - OFF Jack - RIGHT REAR
Ignition - ON
Mast - LOWER
Jack - DOWN
Mast - RAISE
Jack - UP Mast Lock

PROPEL (Drill/Propel Switch)

Rotation - FORWARD
Propel - FORWARD
Rotation - REVERSE
Propel - REVERSE
Rotation Pressure
Pulldown Pressure
Throttle - FAST
Throttle - SLOW
Pulldown System
Tool Wrench - ENGAGE
Pulldown System Pressure - DECREASE Tool Wrench - RETRACT
Voltage (Battery Charging)
Pulldown System Pressure - INCREASE

Water Injection
Water Injection Flow Control - DECREASE
Water Injection Flow Control - INCREASE
Winch - LOWERS HOOK
Winch - RAISES HOOK

Notes:

Operator's Controls and Indicators
Control Panel
Although there is very little service to perform on the control panel, the indicator readings are vital to
other diagnostic operations for the subsystems. The control descriptions on this and following pages are
to help the service technician whom may be unfamiliar with the control functions.
Fig. 2-1 Operator Control Panel
1. Level Indicator
Indicates when the machine is level.
2. Throttle Lever
Used to control the engine speed on mechanical engines. Electronic engines use a similar lever
located just to the right of this lever.
3. Jack Levers
Used for lowering and raising the jacks. ALWAYS level rear (cab end) of machine first.
Pull levers to lower jacks. Push levers to raise jacks.
3a. Left Rear Jack
3b. Right Rear Jack
3c. Front Jacks

Operator's Controls and Indicators
DANGER:
LOOK UP before raising mast.
DO NOT allow mast to contact or come near power lines.
Machine is not insulated.
See section 1 for Clearances from High Voltage Lines.
Some machines are equipped with (optional) indicator lights under the jack levers (see fig. 2-2a).
When jack is fully retracted, green light comes on.
4. Mast Lever
Controls the lowering and raising of the mast.
Pulling the lever raises the mast. Pushing the lever lowers the mast.
5. Winch Lever
Controls the raising and lowering of the winch.
Pushing the lever raises the winch hook. Pulling the lever lowers the winch hook.
6. Propel Levers
Control the speed and the direction of the propel system.
Push the levers forward to propel forward. Pull the levers backwards to propel in reverse.
7. Rotation Lever
Controls rotary head speed and direction.
Push for forward rotation. Pull for reverse rotation.
8. Hoist/Pulldown System Lever
Controls the raising and lowering of the rotary head.
Push to raise the rotary head. Pull to lower the rotary head.
9. Water Injection Flow Control (optional)
Controls the volume of water being injected into the air line.
Turn control clockwise to decrease volume. Turn counterclockwise to increase volume.
10. Pulldown System Pressure Control
Controls the pressure to the feed system (auto feed down, and high speed up and down) to
increase or decrease the weight on bit.
Turn control clockwise to increase pressure. Turn counterclockwise to decrease pressure.
11. Compressor Start-Run Valve
Low Pressure Machines:
Place valve in START position when starting machine. Place valve in RUN position after machine
has warmed up.
12. Air Filter Indicators
Indicate when engine and compressor air filters need to be changed.
13. Hydraulic Filter Indicator Lights (optional)
A light comes on for each specific filter when it needs to be changed.
14. Automatic Lubrication System (optional)
Lube controller can be programed for a variety of automatic lubrication options.

Instrument Panel (non-electronic engine)
Fig. 2-2 Instrument Panel (non-electronic)

Instrument Panel (non-electronic engine)
15. Engine By-Pass/Run/STOP Switch

Used to by-pass the engine shutdown system when starting the engine and as an emergency
"STOP" switch.
16. Ignition
The ignition Key is used to turn the electrical power ON/OFF.
17. Engine Start Button
The Engine Start button applies battery voltage to the starter solenoid, thus operating the starter
to start the engine.
18. Ether Injection (optional)
o o
Aids in starting cold engine when temperature is below 32 F (0 C). DO NOT use ether on engines
equipped with air inlet heaters.
19. Drill Hourmeter
The drill hourmeter is connected through an air pressure switch in the drill air system. This switch
is actuated whenever there is air pressure in the main air header located on the mast.
20. Engine Hourmeter
The engine hourmeter is connected through the oil pressure switch so that the meter counts hours
so long as the engine is operating and maintaining oil pressure.
21. Engine Oil Pressure
Gauge indicates engine oil pressure. The oil pressure gauge is connected with an oil pressure
sender tapped into the engine lubrication system, to indicate the engine oil pressure.
22. Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
The coolant temperature gauge is connected with a temperature sender in the engine cylinder
head to indicate the engine water temperature. The gauge is connected with a power source only
when the ignition switch is turned on.
23. Compressor Discharge Temperature
Gauge indicates the temperature of the compressor discharge air.
24. Fuel Level
Gauge indicates fuel level in tank. The fuel level gauge is connected with a fuel sender in the fuel
tank to indicate the fuel level in the tank. This gauge receives operating voltage only when the
ignition switch is turned on. Improper fuel gauge indication noted during operation or functional
check could indicate a faulty level sender in the fuel tank.
25. Engine Voltmeter
Gauge indicates voltage output of the electrical charging system. This indicator is a conventional
ammeter wired into the engine electrical system. The ammeter indicates battery charge or
discharge.
26. Engine R.P.M.
Gauge indicates engine revolutions per minute. The engine R.P.M. indicator is an electronic
tachometer connected with the tachometer sender installed on the engine. This indicator displays
the engine speed directly in R.P.M.

Instrument Panel (electronic engine)
Fig. 2-2a Instrument Panel (electronic engine)
15. Electronic Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Light

Electronic engines have the capability to perform a self-diagnostic test. When the system detects
an active problem, the DIAGNOSTIC lamp is activated.
• When the ignition is turned ON the lamp will come on and remain on for five seconds. This
checks the operation of the lamp.
• The lamp will come on again and flash codes for any active diagnostic codes.
• The lamp will turn off and come back on in five seconds and repeat any active diagnostic
codes.
• The DIAGNOSTIC lamp will flash in order to indicate a two-digit code. Count the number of
flashes to determine the first number. The light will flash two times per second. The lamp will
pause for one second and then flash again to indicate the second code number.
• The engine does not have to be running to retrieve the codes. Turn the ignition switch to ON
and the lamp will display the codes.
• Consult engine manual to determine fault codes.
• Not all fault codes will cause the engine to shut down, in some cases reduced engine perfor-
mance will result until the problem is fixed. In most cases an authorized engine service
person will have to diagnose the problem with special test equipment.

Instrument Panel (electronic engine)
16. Ignition
The ignition Key is used to turn the electrical power ON/OFF.
The Engine Start button applies battery voltage to the starter solenoid, thus operating the starter
to start the engine.
o o
Aids in starting cold engine when temperature is below 32 F (0 C). DO NOT use ether on engines
equipped with air inlet heaters.
19. Drill Hourmeter
The drill hourmeter is connected through an air pressure switch in the drill air system. This switch
is actuated whenever there is air pressure in the main air header located on the mast.
20. Engine Hourmeter
The engine hourmeter is connected through the oil pressure switch so that the meter counts hours
so long as the engine is operating and maintaining oil pressure.
Gauge indicates engine oil pressure. The oil pressure gauge is connected with an oil pressure
sender tapped into the engine lubrication system, to indicate the engine oil pressure.
22. Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
The coolant temperature gauge is connected with a temperature sender in the engine cylinder
head to indicate the engine water temperature. The gauge is connected with a power source only
when the ignition switch is turned on.
23. Compressor Discharge Temperature
Gauge indicates the temperature of the compressor discharge air.
24. Fuel Level
Gauge indicates fuel level in tank. The fuel level gauge is connected with a fuel sender in the fuel
tank to indicate the fuel level in the tank. This gauge receives operating voltage only when the
ignition switch is turned on. Improper fuel gauge indication noted during operation or functional
check could indicate a faulty level sender in the fuel tank.
25. Engine Voltmeter
Gauge indicates voltage output of the electrical charging system. This indicator is a conventional
ammeter wired into the engine electrical system. The ammeter indicates battery charge or
discharge.
26. Engine R.P.M.
Gauge indicates engine revolutions per minute. The engine R.P.M. indicator is an electronic
tachometer connected with the tachometer sender installed on the engine. This indicator displays
the engine speed directly in R.P.M.

System Pressure Gauge Panel
Fig. 2-3 System Pressure Gauge Panel

System Pressure Gauge Panel
27. Rotary Hydraulic Pressure Gauge
WARNING:
Maximum pressure 5000 PSI (345 bar). Avoid stalling
the rotary head for extended periods.
The rotary hydraulic pressure gauge indicates the amount of pressure applied to the rotary hydrau-
lic motor, and the pressure indication is independent of the direction of rotation. Maximum pressure
is developed when the driven element is stalled out. Due to the operation of the charge pump, there
should always be a slight pressure indication on the rotary gauge whenever the engine is running. For
relief valve adjustment, refer to Section 7.
28. Pulldown Pressure
WARNING:
Maximum pressure 5000 PSI (345 bar). Higher pres-
sures may cause the machine to tip.
The pulldown pressure gauge indicates the hydraulic pressure output of the pulldown pump stage.
This pressure also is maximum when the greatest load is placed on the pulldown system. Refer to
section 7 for adjustment of the pulldown relief valve.
29. Hydraulic System Pressure Gauge
This gauge indicates the output pressure of the 30 gpm (114 L/min.) pump. Because the pump
operates in an open loop system, no pressure is developed unless one of the equipment units pow-
ered by the system is operated, and the maximum pressure is exerted when the operating unit is
stalled out. The maximum pressure is determined by the adjustment of the relief valve within the
system.
30. Drilling Air Pressure
WARNING:
When the drilling air is turned OFF, there should be zero
pressure on this gauge.
Gauge indicates the Air Pressure in the drilling air line.

31. Rotary Head Tachometer (optional)
Gives digital reading of rotary drive R.P.M.

Switch Panel
Fig. 2-4 Switch Panel
32. Hydraulically Operated Break-Out Wrench (HOBO) - Swing

The break-out wrench is used to undo tight thread connections. This switch is used to swing the
break-out wrench into or away from the drill pipe.
(a) Push up to swing break-out wrench OUT.
(b) Push down to swing break-out wrench IN.
33. Hydraulically Operated Break-Out Wrench (HOBO) - Clamp
The break-out wrench is used to undo tight thread connections. This switch is used to clamp and
unclamp the break-out wrench and to turn the wrench.
(a) Push right to disengage (open) break-out and unclamp wrench.
(b) Push left to clamp wrench and engage (close) break-out.
34. Drill Stem Thread Lube
Activate switch to grease drill pipe threads, before making up joints.
35. Air Line Lubricator (optional)
Switch turns on lubricator pump when drilling with a down-the-hole hammer.
36. Water Injection / Dust Collector
This switch is used to engage the water injection or dust collector systems to control drilling dust.
(a) Push switch up to engage water injection system.
(b) Push switch down to engage dust collector system.

Switch Panel
37. Drill Pipe Support

The drill pipe support is used to support the drill pipe in the center of the mast when using the drill
pipe loader for multiple pass drilling.
(a) Push up to engage drill pipe support.
(b) Push down to disengage drill pipe support.
38. Dust Curtain
Switch is used to raise or lower the dust curtain at the rear of the machine.
(a) Push switch up to lift dust curtain.
(b) Push switch down to lower dust curtain.
39. Mast Locks
Switch activates hydraulic cylinders to UNLOCK or LOCK mast in the vertical or angle drilling
positions.
(a) Push left to unlock mast.
(b) Push right to lock mast.
40. Drill Pipe Loader - Swing
This switch is used to swing the drill pipe loader out from and into the center of the mast when
adding and retracting drill pipe and for storing the drill pipe loader when propelling or lowering the
mast.
(a) Push switch up to swing drill pipe loader out.
(b) Push switch down to swing drill pipe loader in.
41. Drill Pipe Loader - Rotate
This switch is used to rotate the drill pipe loader left or right to the next position.
(a) Push switch left to rotate drill pipe loader left.
(b) Push switch right to rotate drill pipe loader right.
42. Drill Pipe Loader - Lock
This switch is used to lock or unlock the drill pipe loader so the loader can be indexed left or right
to the next position.
(a) Push up to lock PIN IN.
(b) Push down to take PIN OUT.
43. Drilling Air
Turns the air ON/OFF for drilling procedures.
(a) Push down to turn drilling air ON.
(b) Push up to turn drilling air OFF.

Switch Panel
Fig. 2-4 Switch Panel

Switch Panel
44. Pulldown System
WARNING:
DO NOT engage this switch on unless you are actually drilling.
Once drilling is finished, this switch must be disengaged
The pulldown system switch engages and disengages the pulldown for drilling operations.
(a) Push switch up to disengage pulldown.
(b) Push switch down to engage pulldown.
45. Tool (Deck) Wrench
Switch retracts or extends the deck wrench to hold the drill pipe when breaking thread joints or
when multiple pass drilling is required.
(a) Push up to retract tool wrench.
(b) Push down to engage tool wrench.
46. Drill / Propel Switch
WARNING:
Drill mode must be selected if not propelling the ma-
chine or when the machine is unattended. Drill mode
engages the propel brakes.
Engages the drill controls or propel system.

(a) Push up to engage the propel system.
(b) Push down to engage the drilling controls.

Notes

Section 3
Lubrication and Preventive Maintenance

NOTE This section contains recommended procedures and instructions which the
operator will need in order to properly perform necessary lubrication and
preventive maintenance. This information should be considered as the
manufacturer's recommendations only and are based upon normal opera-
tion. For severe or unusual conditions the recommended lubrication in-
structions should be varied in accordance with extended hours of opera-
tion, climate and drilling conditions.
SKS Lubrication and Preventive Maintenance 3-1

Service Points - Mainframe
Fig. 3-1 SKS Service Points
Fig. 3-2 Crawler Service Points

1. Final Drive - check oil level
2. Front Axle - grease 3 places
3. Pivot Shaft - grease 2 places
3-2 SKS Lubrication and Preventive Maintenance

Service Points - Mast
Fig. 3-3 Upper Mast Service Points Fig. 3-4 Feed Cylinder
1. Crown Sheaves - grease 4 places 7. Hoist/Pulldown Sheaves - grease 4 places
2. Rotary Gearbox - check oil level
3. Winch - check oil level
4. Upper Carousel Bearing - grease 1 place
5. Pipe Rack Swing Cylinders (2) - grease 6 places
6. Upper Pipe Rack Support Bearing - grease 1 place
2 OF 2
Fig. 3-5 Mast Raise Cylinders Fig. 3-6 Mast Pivot Area
8. Upper Pins - grease 2 places 10. Pivot Pins - grease 2 places
9. Lower Pins - grease 2 places

Fig. 3-7 Lower Mast Service Points

11. Breakout Wrench Swing Cylinder - grease 2 places 17. Lower Pipe Rack Support Bearing - grease 1 place
12. Breakout Wrench Pivot Pin - grease 1 place (from bottom) 18. Carousel Rotate Cylinder - grease 1 place
13. Telescoping Cylinder Pivot - grease 1 place 19. Pipe Rack Roller - grease 1 place
14. Rotate Cylinder - grease 2 places 20. Lower Carousel Bearing - grease 1 place
15. Clamp Cylinder - grease 2 places 21. Lower Mast Sheaves - grease 4 places
16. Clamp Pivot Pin - grease 1 place
Fig. 3-8 Lower Mast Service Points Fig. 3-9 Pipe Positioner
11. Breakout Wrench Swing Cylinder - grease 2 places 22. Pivot Pin - grease 1 place
12. Breakout Wrench Pivot Pin - grease 1 place

Lubrication - General
Equipment Lubrication
Determination of when oil changes are made, filters and filter elements are to be cleaned and/or
replaced, and lubrication of equipment is required, should be based on the severity of operation.
CAUTION:
Recommended lubrication instructions provided herein
are based upon normal operation, and should be varied
in accordance with other than normal operating condi-
tions.
Equipment photo's and charts have been included to show the general location of points and equip-
ment which require scheduled and periodic lubrication. The lubrication charts list the various lube and
check points, filters and filter elements, and provides data such as quantities, types of lubricants recom-
mended, and the recommended frequency of lubrication.
NOTE For additional lubrication information, refer to vendor manuals provided with the
drill.
Care of Lubrication Points

Before lubricating, or filling hydraulic fluids, the fittings, caps, and filler plugs should be thoroughly
cleaned to prevent contamination.
WARNING:
After lubrication and filling, remove excess spills.
Always keep fittings, caps and fill plugs clean of
foreign matter.
Lubrication Diagrams and Charts

The machine photo's on the preceding pages shows the location of lubricator points. The lubrication
charts which follow provide information on the items to be lubricated, recommended lubricants, capaci-
ties, lubrication periods, and special instructions where required.

Lubrication & Maintenance Chart
Interval Service Point Service Required Lubricant Required Capacity
Daily Engine Oil (Cat 3412) Check / Add if required 15W-40 (factory fill) 72 qt. (68 L)
or Fuel Tank Check/Fill if required Diesel Fuel (see note 1) 450 gal. (1703 L)
Each Fuel/Water Separator Drain water
Shift Engine Coolant Check / Add if required 50/50 Anti-freeze/Water 60 qt. (56.7L)
see note 2 engine only
total system capacity for non-electronic engine (3412) 196 qt. (185.5 L)
total system capacity for electronic engine (3412E) 182 qt. (172.2 L)
Hydraulic Oil Tank Check / Add if required Chevron AW MV ISO 32 250 gal. (946 L)
see note 3
Air/Oil Separator Tank Check / Add if required Dexron III ATF 50 gal. (189 L)
Water Tank (optional) Check / Add if required Water/Anti-freeze 200 gal. (757 L)
Pump Drive Gearcase (Cotta) Check / Add if required 80W-90 Gear Oil 3.5 gal. (13 L)
Pump Drive Gearcase (Funk) Check / Add if required 80W-90 Gear Oil 9 qt. (8.5 L)
Air Cleaners Check Service Indicators
Oil Filters Check Service Indicators
NOTE: Indicators may show change or by-pass when fluid is cold; reset and check again.
Radiator & Coolers Check / Clean
Shock Sub & Air Swivel Lubricate NLGI No. 1 Grease
Tracks, Rollers, Sprockets Check / Clean
Track Frames, Axles, Mounts Inspect Integrity / damage
Mast & A-Frame Inspect Integrity / damage
Cab Mountings Inspect Integrity / damage
Deck & Surrounds Inspect Integrity / damage
Rotary Head & Motor(s) Check
Pulldown/Hoist Ropes Inspect
Pulldown Sheaves Check that they are getting grease.
Grease Pump Lubricator Top Up Dexron III
Pipe Thread Lubricator Top Up Dexron III
Fire Suppression System Charged?
Fire Extinguisher Charged / Secure
Operating Controls Check that all function correctly
Walk Around Inspection Report any leaks, damage, etc.
Weekly Cooler Fan Check / Torque mounting bolts

or Hydraulic Filters Initial Change, then every 500 hours
50 Hours Coolant Filter (if equipped) Initial Change, then every 500 hours
Air/Oil Separator Tank Initial Change, then every 300 hours Dexron III ATF 50 gal. (189 L)
Compressor Oil Filter Initial Change, then every 250 hours
Rotary Gearcase Check / Add if required 80W-90 Gear Oil 20 gal. (75.7 L)
PLUS ALL ITEMS LISTED IN DAILY SERVICE
100
Hours Winch (Braden BG8) Initial Oil Change Texaco Meropa 150 4 pints (1.9 L)
(then every 6 months)
Winch (Braden HU8A) Initial Oil Change at 24 hrs. of 80W-90 Gear Oil 1/2 to 2 pints
operation, then every 6 months. (.24 - .95 L)


150 Track Final Drive (L&S) Initial Change, 150 hrs., then yearly 80W-90 Gear Oil 2.8 gal. (10.5 L)
to Track Final Drive (Intertrac) Initial Change, 200 hrs., then yearly 80W-90 Gear Oil 4.8 qt. (4.5 L)
250 Water Injection Pump (opt.) Initial Change, then every 500 hours SAE 30 (API MM or better) 1 qt. (.95 L)
Hours Winch Initial Change at 24 hours of winch 80W-90 Gear Oil 1/2 to 2 pints
or operation. (.24 to .95 L)
Three Fan Drive Check Bearings / Add Oil if required 80W-90 Gear Oil 2.2 oz.
Months Compressor Oil Filter Change
Engine Oil & Filter Change at 250 hours 15W-40 (factory fill) see daily
Engine Fuel Filter(s) Replace
Engine Air Filter (primary) Replace
Engine Air Filter (safety) Check
Engine Coolant Condition Check/Refill/Test Water/Anti-Freeze 50/50 see daily
Engine Coolant Filter Replace
Radiator Cap Check Condition
Batteries Clean / Top Up Distilled Water
Fuel Tank Drain Water
Comp. Air Filter (primary) Replace
Comp. Air Filter (safety) Check
Comp. Receiver Tank Drain Water
Receiver Tank Oil Check / Refill Dexron III
Comp. Main Oil Filter Replace
Pump Drive Gearbox (Cotta) Check / Refill 80W-90 Gear Oil 3.5 GAL. (13 L)
Track Final Drive Gearboxes Check / Refill 80W-90 Gear Oil see daily
Rotary Drive Gearbox Drain & Replace Oil 80W-90 Gear Oil
Rotary Drive Spindle Check End Float (.002 - .004")
Rotary Head Wearpads Check / Replace (shim as required)
Water Pump Pressure Check, LP=150 PSI (10 bar),
Water Pump Oil Level Check / Refill SAE 30 1 qt. (.95 L)
Water Pump Strainer Clean
Water Pump Coupling Check
Air Conditioner Belts Check / Adjust
Alternator Belts Check / Adjust
Mast Pivot Pins/Bushings Check / Lube NLGI No. 1 Grease
Hoist/Pulldown Ropes Check / Adjust per service manual
Track Chains Check / Adjust per service manual NLGI No. 1 Grease
PLUS ALL ITEMS LISTED IN DAILY & 50 HOURS SERVICE
Every Air/Oil Separator Change Oil Dexron III ATF 50 gal. (189 L)
300 See Compressor Oil Lubrication Chart for alternate oils and change intervals.
Hours


500 Hydraulic Fluid Initial Change, then every 1000 hrs. Chevron AW MV ISO 32 250 gal. (946 L)
Hours Hydraulic Filters Replace
or Engine Air Filter (safety) Replace
Six Engine Crankcase Breather Check / Clean
Months Comp. Control Air Filter Replace
Comp. Air Filter (safety) Replace
Air Filter Housings Clean
Pump Drive Gearbox Oil (Cotta) Drain/Replace 80W-90 Gear Oil 3.5 gal. (13 L)
Water Injection Pump (opt.) Change Oil SAE 30 1 qt. (.95 L)
Water Injection Pump Strainer Replace
Dust Collector Check Timer Cycle (3.2 sec. between pulses)
Check air pressure, approx. 40 psi (2.8 bar)
Air Conditioner Filter Replace
Winch (Braden HU8A) Drain Gear Oil / Replace 80W-90 Gear Oil 1/2 - 2 pints
(.24 - .95 L)
Winch (Braden BG8) Drain Gear Oil / Replace Texaco Meropa 150 4 pints (1.9 L)
PLUS ALL ITEMS LISTED IN DAILY / 50 / 150 - 250 HOURS
1000 Track Final Drive Gearbox Oil Drain / Replace 80W-90 Gear Oil see daily
Hours Rotary Drive Spindle Check End Float (.002 - .004")
or Hydraulic Tank Drain, Clean, Replace Oil Chevron AW MV ISO 32 250 gal. (946 L)
Yearly PLUS ALL ITEMS LISTED IN DAILY / 50 / 150 - 250 / 500 HOURS
2000 Comp. T -Tank Separator Replace
Hours Comp. Return Strainer Replace
or Engine Coolant Drain, Flush, Replace Water / Anti-Freeze 50/50 see daily
Two All Pump Pressure Settings Check / Adjust Per Service Manual
Years All Valve/Other Settings Check / Adjust Per Service Manual
PLUS ALL ITEMS IN DAILY / 50 / 150 - 250 / 500 / 1000 HOURS.
NOTES:
1. No. 1-D or No. 2-D diesel fuels as listed in ASTM D975 are acceptable
fuels.
2. Distilled water or deionized water is recommended for use in engine cool-
ing systems. Do not use hard water, softened water that has been condi-
tioned with salt or sea water. Use a 1:1 mixture of water/glycol for opti-
mum performance.
3. Chevron AW MV ISO 32 is the standard factory fill for hydraulic fluid. Other
fluids may be used if they meet the specifications listed in this section.

Lubricant Specifications
Hydraulic System
Selection of Hydraulic Oil:
These selections assume "normal operating conditions" as expected in quarry or quarry-like opera-
tions.
Hydraulic oils meeting the following specifications will be acceptable for use in the SKS Rotary
Blasthole Drills. Machines are factory filled with ISO 32 oil, unless specified otherwise when ordered.
Consult factory before switching to an oil of different viscosity.
CHEVRON AW MV or EQUAL
ISO Grade 15 32 46 68 100
CPS Number 232953 255678 255679 232952 232950
API Gravity 27.3 32.6 31.9 30.9 30.7
Viscosity, Kinematic
cSt at 40OC 15.8 30.4 43.7 64.6 95.0
cSt at 100OC 4.0 6.1 8.0 10.6 13.5
Viscosity, Saybolt
SUS at 100OF 85.3 155 222 329 487
SUS at 210 FO
39.7 46.6 53.0 62.3 73.4
Viscosity Index 159 153 157 154 143
Pour Point, OC (OF) -54 (-65) -48 (-54) -42 (-44) -42 (-44) -39 (-38)
Flash Point, OC (OF), min 150 (302) 190 (374) 186 (367) 212 (414) 232 (450)
Oxidation Life
ASTM D 943 hr.1 _ 3000+ 3000+ 3000+ 2000+
DO NOT use these products in high pressure systems in areas subject to fire hazard.
1
6000+ hours for IS0 32, 46 & 68 from the West Coast (Richmond, El Segundo and Willbridge).
NOTE Diesel fuel or kerosene used as dilutants for cold weather operation are not
recommended, as they are not sufficiently refined products. Do not use any fire
resistant fluids or non-petroleum oils without consulting Reedrill.
Hydraulic Tank Capacity

Model Capacity Notes
SKS 250 gal. (946 liters) Fluid level should be at the half-way point on the
sight gauge on the tank, when all cylinders are
fully extended.
Fluid level should be near the top of the sight
gauge, when all cylinders are fully retracted.

Compressor Lubrication
The chart below lists manufacturer approved oils for use in low pressure compressor units, that
do not exceed 125 PSIG (8.6 bar).
AMBIENT LUBRICANT CHANGE INTERVAL
TEMPERATURE HOURS
o o
RANGE F (C )
-20 to 120 (-29 to 49) Sullair AWF 1200

10 to 110 (-12 to 43) *D-A Torque Fluid 300
0 to 100 (-18 to 38) SAE10W SE, SF, SG, CD 300
0 to 100 (-18 to 38) MIL-L-2104E 10W 300
* Product of D-A Lubricant® Company Inc.
Compressor Lubricant Specifications

Compressor oil should conform to the following specifications:
A. Non-Detergent Turbine or Hydraulic Type Oil

o
Viscosity @ 100 F 160-200 SSU
o
Viscosity @ 0 F 11,000 SSU Maximum
Viscosity Index 90 Minimum
o o
Pour Point F 20 Lower than minimum starting temperature
o
Flash Point F 400 Minimum
Rust Inhibitor ASTM, D665-54 No Rust after 24 hours
Oxidation Inhibitor ASTM, D943-54 Neutral No. 2.0 or less after 1000 hours
Anti-Foam Inhibitor ASTM, D892-46T, 3 cycles stability nil.
B. Automatic Transmission Fluid

o
Viscosity @ 100 F 184.2 SSU
o
Viscosity @ 210 F 49.1 SSU
Viscosity Index 150.
o
Pour Point F -40
Flash Point 390
C. Premium quality heavy-duty engine oil which meets the performance classification,
letter designation, SE or CD of SAW J183 or MIL-L-2104C.
Ambient Temperature: Grade
o o
-10 F to 90 F SAE 10W
o
Above 90 F SAE 20W, 20

Lubricating Grease
Use SAE designation MPGM which contains 3-5% Molybdenum disulfide conforming to MIL-M-7866
and a suitable corrosion inhibitor.
NLGI Grade No. 2 is suitable for most temperatures. Use NLGI No. 1 or 0 for extremely low tem-
peratures.
Gear Lubricant
Use any oil which meets EP gear lubricant specification MIL-L-2105C or API-GL-5 of SAE J3083C.
Lubricant Grades:
o o
Below -10 F (-23 C) ambient use 40W.
o o o o
Above -10 F (-23 C) and up to 100 F (37.8 C) ambient use 80W-90 or EP90.
o o
Above 100 F (37.8 C) ambient use 85W-140.
Optional: Mobil SHC 635 synthetic or equivalent (all temperature ranges).
Engine Oil
Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil is the preferred oil for use in Caterpillar engines. It has been formulated
with the correct amounts of detergents, dispersents, and alkalinity in order to provide superior perfor-
mance in Caterpillar diesel engines. If Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil is not used, then only oils
that meet the following specifications may be used:
• EMA LRG-1 multigrade oil (preferred oil)

• API CH-4 multigrade oil (preferred oil)
• API CG-4 multigrade oil (preferred oil)
• API CF-4 multigrade oil (acceptable oil)
EMA (Engine Manufacturer's Association)
API (American Petroleum Institute)
Engine Oil Viscosities

For Ambient (outside) Temperatures
o o
Oil Viscosity Min C Max. Min. F Max.
SAE 0W-20 -40 10 -40 50
SAE 0W-30 -40 30 -40 86
SAE 0W-40 -40 40 -40 104
SAE 5W-30 -30 30 -22 86
SAE 5W-40 -30 40 -22 104
SAE 10W-30 -20 40 -4 104
SAE 15W-40 -15 50 5 122

Lubrication - Compressor and Winch
Compressor Lubrication Procedure

• Drain Receiver Condensate:
In periods of cold weather and/or high humidity, crack receiver drain valve prior to start-up to
remove water. Close when oil appears.
• Check oil level each shift:
The level is checked at the sight glass with machine levelled. To check the oil level, the machine
must be shut down long enough to permit oil foam to settle or check before start-up at the begin-
ning of the shift. Oil level should be at the center of the sight glass.
• Change oil every 300 hours or as specified in compressor lubrication chart:
Use Dexron III ATF - consult factory for specific recommendations if extremely severe duty is
encountered. Change oil filter element.
• Lubricate control and linkage. Clean oil return line strainer.
Braden HU8A Winch Lubrication (early models)

1. Gear housing should be kept filled to the level of the side plug with SAE 80W/90 all purpose gear
oil.
2. Gear housing should be drained and filled with new oil after the first 24 hours of winch operating
time. Then oil should be changed every 100 hours of winch operating time or every six (6)
months, whichever occurs first.
3. Do not mix different kinds of oil.
Braden BG8 Winch Lubrication (late models)

• Check oil level every 3 months or 500 operating hours whichever occurs first. Remove the large
plug located in the center of the drum support. Oil level should be at the bottom of this opening.
• Gear housing should be drained and filled with new oil after the first 100 hours of operation. Then
oil should be changed every 1000 hours of winch operating time or every six (6) months, which-
ever occurs first.
• Remove and clean vent plug in solvent every time oil is changed. Vent plug must be kept clean
and free from obstructions.
• The standard factory fill from Braden for the BG8 winch is Texaco Meropa150. Other oils may be
used if they meet the following specifications: Do not mix different kinds of oil.
AGMA 4EP or API GL-2 with ISO viscosity grade 150.
The following are recommended oils:
Texaco Exxon Mobil Shell Chevron

Meropa 150 Spartan EP 150 Mobilgear 629 Omala 150 American Industrial Oils 150
Meropa 220 Spartan EP 220 Mobilgear 630 Omala 220 American Industrial Oils 220

Lubrication - Fan Drive
Fig.3-10 Fan Drive and Motor (single fan only)

1. Fan Drive
2. Plug/Vent (behind fan guard)
3. Hydraulic Motor
Fan Drive Lubrication and Maintenance

WARNING:
Disconnect battery and place an "Out of Service" tag on
the ignition switch before servicing machine.
This procedure applies only to machines with a single fan. Machines with two fans
NOTE
do not use a fan drive, the fan is smaller and mounts directly to the hydraulic motor.
1. Disconnect battery and place an "Out of Service" tag on the ignition switch.
2. Remove fan guard to gain access to fan drive plug/vent.
3. Clean area around plug/vent and remove.
4. Fan drive housing should be 2/3 full of lubricant. Use 80W-90 gear lubricant.
NOTE Normally this unit requires little maintenance, unless fluid is leaking from the front
or rear seals. Check for oil leakage around housing and check for any radial play
in the fan, indicating worn bearings. If bearings are worn, repair or replace fan
drive unit.
5. After checking and/or repairing fan drive unit, replace fan guard and reconnect battery cable(s).

Preventive Maintenance
In order for an operator to be sure his drill is ready for operation at any time, a regular program of
preventive maintenance should be adopted. It is recommended that such a maintenance program be
established on the basis of the operator and/or maintenance personnel performing specific maintenance
work during various periods of equipment operations, at intervals during which the equipment will be idle,
and during extended periods of time when the equipment will be in storage. When the drill is in continual,
daily use, it is further recommended that a program of daily service requirements be established with
preventive maintenance being performed on a "before operation", "during operation", and "after opera-
tion" schedule.
NOTE For additional preventive maintenance information, refer to vendor manuals

provided with the drill.
Hydraulic System Maintenance

The hydraulic components of the drill are built for many years of trouble-free operation. Only one
preventive maintenance step is necessary to insure the expected lift of the system - CLEANLINESS.
When dirty filters are indicated, change the filter as follows:

a. Clean the area around the filter covers to prevent dirt entering the filter housings.
b. Pull filters from the housings. Install new filter and install the covers making sure
the cover o-ring is in place.
Sight gauges are provided on the sides of the tanks for checking oil levels.
a. Oil level should be at the halfway point of the sight gauge when all cylinders are extended.
b. A temperature gauge is also provided on the sight gauge.
CLEANLINESS cannot be overstressed:
a. Use new oil only from previously unopened containers.
b. Clean all tank openings.
c. Fill tank through return filter.
Cooling System Maintenance

WARNING:
Remove the Radiator Pressure Cap slowly and only when
the engine is cool or painful burns could result.
The engine's cooling system is designed to provide adequate cooling during all normal operating
conditions. Engine overheating can become the primary cause for extensive repairs work, lost operating
time, and possibly result in eventual complete engine failure. Cooling system maintenance should, there-
fore, hold an important place in the drill maintenance program. Refer to radiator service manuals in
section 4 of this manual for complete radiator repair and maintenance information.

Cooling System Freeze Protection

o o
In the late fall, before temperatures drop below 32 F. (0 C), the complete cooling system should be
drained and flushed. The thermostat should be removed during flushing. Check for proper operation or
replace before reinstalling. When refilling, add a sufficient amount of anti-freeze for your climate. A 50-50
mixture is recommended for maximum protection.
Air Cleaners
The air cleaner should be inspected periodically to maintain engine and compressor protection and
maximum service life. These inspections should include the following points:
1. Inspect the air transfer duct between the air cleaner and the engine to be sure all clamps are
tight, all flange joints are tight, and there are no cracks in the ducting.
2. Air cleaner mounting bolts and clamps must be tight to hold the air cleaner securely.
o
3. Check the dust cup to make sure it is sealing 360 around the air cleaner body.
4. Vacuator valve must be in place, not inverted, and free from obstruction.
5. Check for dents and damage to the air cleaner which could mean a leak.
6. Make sure all accessories are free from obstructions and securely mounted.
Air Filter Elements

CAUTION:
DO NOT clean filter element with high pressure air (30 PSI
maximum). Advise replacement of filter element.
DO NOT start engine when the filter element(s) is removed
from the air cleaner
NEVER attempt to clean the element by rapping it. Rap-
ping the element will dent the metal covering. The inner
paper element will in turn rub this dent, causing the ele-
ment to puncture.
Replace air filter elements as required. Refer to Preventive Maintenance chart.
Electrical System
Be sure battery is filled and kept charged. A discharged battery will freeze at much higher tempera-
tures than a fully-charged battery.
Battery terminals should be kept clean and tight for dependable operation.
See engine manual for engine elctronics and diagnostic codes for electronic engines.

Scheduled Oil Sampling Analysis

Reedrill recommends that scheduled oil sampling be taken at regular intervals. This will maintain all
warranty requirements and monitor condition of component wear in the system.
Oil sampling must be carried out at regular intervals to serve as an effective indicator for compo-
nent wear. Intermittent oil sampling does not allow a wear pattern to be established.
Samples should be taken from the following components:
• Hydraulic Oil
• Compressor Oil
• Engine Oil
• Rotary Gearbox and Pump Drive Gearbox Oil
When To Take Samples:

Reedrill recommends taking oil samples every 200 hours.
How To Take Samples:
Take samples when oil is warm and well mixed to assure an accurate reading.
What The Analysis Consists of:
A proper oil analysis should include the following three elements:
1. Wear Analysis
2. Chemical and Physical Tests
3. Oil Condition Analysis

Machine Storage
Extended Machine Shutdown

If machine is to be shut down for a long period of time (more than 30 days), there are certain
precautions that should be followed to minimize the possibility of damage to the machine.
1. Position the machine in a safe place on level and solid ground. Do not park close to a high wall where
the machine would be in danger of rock fall or slides. Do not park in an area prone to flooding. Extend
the jacks to contact the ground, but the tracks should also be in contact with ground.
2. If freezing temperatures are expected, be sure cooling system has adequate anti-freeze to protect
system from freezing temperatures.
3. Check all fluid levels, keep fuel tank full to avoid condensation.
4. Follow pre-start checks in section 4 before starting machine. Make walk around inspection of ma-
chine.
5. Start the machine at least once per month. Allow system to warm up and cycle all hydraulic
cylinders to their full stroke and back. Follow shutdown procedures in section 4, allowing engine to
idle for at least five minutes before shutdown.

Section 4
Operating Instructions
SKS Operating Instructions 4-1

Pre-Start Checks
Commissioning A New Machine

The rotary blasthole drill will (in most cases) arrive on two trucks. The mast is shipped separate (in
most cases) from the drill rig itself. With the drill rig unloaded from the truck and on level and stable
ground, the mast will need to be installed. A Reedrill serviceman will be on hand to make adjustments
and settings on a new machine.
CAUTION:
Load drill pipe using a crane whenever possible, this is
the best and safest method. If a crane is not available
when drill pipe is being loaded, follow the procedure in
this section titled "Loading Drill Pipe".
Refer to section 6 for the following topics:

• Machine Weights and Dimensions • Lifting Points
• Mast Removal and Installation • Loading and Unloading Mast
• Loading and Unloading Machine • Transient Stability Limits
Walk Around Checks:

It is the responsibility of the operator to report any damage or service problems to the supervisor.
You may wish to develop your own checklist and standard operating procedure, such as starting point,
what to look for, etc. Generally you should check the following areas before start-up, this applies to new and
used machines:
• Check around and under machine for leaks. Determine source of leak and have repairs made.
• Check crawler belts for broken or cracked pads, missing lock pins or bolts, loose track pins and
crawler belt tension. Check track rollers for proper lubrication and wear. Check crawler frames for
cracks or damage.
• Check dust curtains for wear and tear.
• Check for loose or missing bolts. Report any damage and have repairs made.
• Check connections to air filters, make sure they are tight. Check to see that filter elements are in
place.
• Check radiator and oil cooler hoses for cracks and loose clamps.
• Check engine vee belts for cracks or other damage.
• Check engine fuel/water separator if so equipped and drain water.
• Check all pivot points to be sure they are receiving adequate lubrication.
• Check fire suppression equipment to be sure they are adequately charged.
• Check to see that all alarm systems and EMERGENCY STOPS are functioning properly.
• Check to be sure all safety guards are in place and not damaged.
• Check engine/pump driveshaft. Check for loose or missing bolts and adequate lubrication.
• Check all cables for damage or fraying, loose or missing clamps.
4-2 SKS Operating Instructions

Pre-Start Checks
• Check drill bit for wear, broken or missing carbides.

• Check that all decals and nameplates are in place and are not damaged.
• Check wiring for damage and loose connections.
Pre-Start Checklist
Fluid Levels:
A. Radiator Coolant
B. Batteries
C. Engine Oil
D. Fuel
E. Pump Drive Gearcase
F. Water Tank
G. Hydraulic Tank
H. Compressor Oil Separator Tank
I. Rotary Drive Gearcase (check with mast vertical)
J. Winch Gearcase
K. Track Drive Gearcases
Operator Controls:
• Safety first! Become familiar with all the controls and their functions.
• Take it slow at first, as the drilling cycle and controls become more familiar, you can gradually
increase your speed to the full operating capability of the machine.
• Accidents happen quickly, which is why you should operate the machine slowly at first, until you
are satisfied that you comfortable with all the control functions.
• Check that all system gauges are operating properly after start-up.
• Be alert for any unusual noises or smells.
• Know the location of EMERGENCY STOP devices and fire extinguishers and how they operate.
Fire Extinguisher Specifications:
Fire extinguishers shall comply with EN791:1995 paragraph 5.12.2 and EN 3:1975. Each fire extin-
guisher shall have an agent with a mass of not less than 13.2 lbs. (6 kg). Fire extinguishers shall be
suitable for extinguishing both oil and electrical fires.

Start-Up Procedure
WARNING:
Before starting the engine, warn nearby members of
the work crew that you are starting the machine.
DO NOT USE ETHER on engines equipped with air inlet
heaters.
To Start Engine:
1. Be sure all controls are in the Off or Neutral position.
2. Place the air control valve (11) in the start position.
3. Place throttle lever (2) at about 1/3 speed.
4. Turn the ignition key (16) On.
5. Push the by-pass switch (15) up and hold (for non-electronic engines only).
6. Push the engine start button (17) until the engine starts, when engine is started, release start
button. Do not crank engine for more than 30 seconds, then allow starter to cool for two minutes
before attempting to start again.
7. Hold the by-pass switch (15) up until the engine oil pressure is above minimum, then release
switch (for non-electronic engines only).
8. If it is necessary to use the optional ether injection (18) for starting, use caution not to use too
much as engine damage can occur. Press button for 3 seconds and release, then allow 3 sec-
onds before starting engine. DO NOT USE ETHER on engines equipped with air inlet heaters.
DO NOT SPRAY ETHER into compressor inlet.
21
18
17 15
16
Fig. 4-1 Start-Up Controls

15. By-Pass/Run/STOP Switch (non-electronic engine only)
17. Ignition Switch

Start-Up Procedure
11
RT
STA
RUN
Fig. 4-1a Control Panel

2. Throttle 11. Compressor Start-Run Valve
After Start Checks:

After start checks are carried out to ensure that the machine is in a safe working condition before
the operator commences drilling procedures.
1. Check to ensure engine oil pressure is in normal operating range (consult engine manual).
2. Check to ensure compressor air pressure is at least 100 PSI (7 bar) for low pressure ma-
chines or 300 PSI (21 bar) for high pressure machines.
WARNING:
Compressor air pressure must not exceed 125 PSI (9
bar) for low pressure machines.
3. Check entire machine for oil leaks.
Shut Down:
WARNING:
DO NOT use the emergency STOP switch to stop the machine,
except in an emergency.
1. Allow engine to idle for a minimum of five (5) minutes before stopping. Unless in an "EMERGENCY".
2. Turn the ignition key OFF.
3. For EMERGENCY ONLY press By-Pass/Run/STOP Switch (15) down (non-electronic
engines only).
3. Check machine for any unusual conditions.
4. Report any defects to your immediate supervisor.

Emergency Shutdown
WARNING:
DO NOT use the emergency STOP switch to stop the machine,
except in an emergency.
CAUTION:
Shutting the engine down without the proper idle down period
can cause engine damage.
Be sure you know where EMERGENCY STOP device(s) are located (refer to machine locator drawing
and operator controls section of this manual). These devices are optional, therefore not all machines will
be equipped with them.
In the event of emergency shutdown, the operator should notify the supervisor and be sure correc-
tive action is taken to remedy the fault that caused the emergency shutdown, before restarting the
machine.
1. Take necessary corrective action to correct the fault.

2. Make a walk around inspection of the machine to be sure no additional damage has been done or
could occur. Pay particular attention to the engine and compressor systems.
3. Check circuit breakers and reset the emergency stop device.
Typical Emergency Stop device (ref. 409402a)

Emergency Shutdown
Emergency Shutdown Circuit
Typical Emergency Stop Circuit (ref. 409402)

Cold Weather Starting
Hydraulic System Warm-Up (without cold weather package)

CAUTION:
BE SURE machine does not overheat. Observe hydraulic and water
temperature gauges.
When pump drive gearbox is disconnected all hydraulic functions
are inoperative, including the cooler fan.
NOTE See separate instructions on following page for machines equipped with optional
cold weather package.
1. For cold weather start, disengage the pump drive gearbox using the lever on the gearbox (if so
equipped). Remember, when pump drive is disengaged, all hydraulic functions on the machine are
inoperative, including the cooler fan. Be sure to keep an eye on engine temperature gauges. Start
engine and warm up for at least five (5) minutes (refer to "Engine Start-Up Procedure" on preceding
page).
2. STOP ENGINE, engage the pump drive gearbox, then restart the engine.
3. Level the Drill Machine.
WARNING:
NEVER ATTEMPT to commence drilling unless the machine has
been leveled and is located on stable ground conditions. Ma-
chine can turn over, causing serious injury or death.
DO NOT position jacks on cribbing or timber bridging.
DO NOT position machine close to a highwall.
a. Set the throttle at approximately 1600 RPM and lower all jack pads to the ground by oper
ating the rear and front jack control levers to the down position.
b. Operate rear right and rear left jack controls to down position until rear of machine track is
clear of the ground and approximately level by watching level indicator (refer to "Leveling
Machine").
c. Operate the front jack control to down position, until front of machine track is clear of the
ground, approximately level.

4. Raising the Mast
DANGER:
LOOK UP before raising or lowering mast. Operating near, or
coming in contact with electrical power lines
will result in serious personal injury or death.
See section 1 for Clearances from High Voltage Lines chart.
WARNING:
ALWAYS level machine before raising or lowering mast and
before drilling.
a. Be sure the machine is level and solidly stabilized with the leveling jacks before attempting to
raise the mast.
b. Be absolutely sure that the mast will not come in contact with power lines, telephone lines or
any other obstructions.
c. Be sure the winch lines, hydraulic hoses and air hoses are clear and that all equipment
stowed in the mast is secured.
d. Place mast raising control lever in Mast Up position.
e. As mast approaches the break-over point, gently bring the mast against the base of the drill.
f. Engage mast locks.
g. Swing pipe rack out; set drill / propel switch to Drill position.
5. Hold rotation control to one-quarter and operate Rotation in forward position.
CAUTION:
DO NOT engage or disengage track drive while engine is run-
ning and tracks are in contact with ground. Immediate machine
damage could result.
Verify right and left tracks are a minimum of 3" (7.6 cm) off the
ground.
6. Set drill / propel switch to Propel position.

7. Hold right and left track control at 1/4 position and operate tracks alternately in both
directions.
8. Work all hydraulic controls to distribute warming oil and to help elevate oil temperature. Pay
particular attention to winch warm-up by cycling several times without load.
9. When hydraulic oil temperature reaches 1000 F (37.80 C) the system is operational.

Compressor Warm-Up (Low Pressure)

1. Run machine with compressor in the START position (item 10a, fig. 4-1a) until temperature
o o
reaches 160 F (71.1 C).
2. After warm-up, turn selector to "Run" position.
3. Gradually load compressor by opening air service valve until pressure drops to 70-80
PSI (4.8-5.5 bar). If temperature rises above 210o F (98.9o C), close air service
valve and continue warm-up.
o o
4. Partially open air service valve. If compressor has stabilized at 160 F (71.1 C) it is now opera-
tional.
5. Gradually increase engine speed to 2100 RPM. Compressor pressure should read 100 PSI (6.9
o o
bar) and temperature should be 160-200 F (71.1-93.3 C). Temperature should be monitored
and maintained by the air flow direction through the cooler.
Cold Weather Package (optional)
Fig. 4-2 Heater/Pump Installation Fig. 4-3 Alcohol Injection Installation

1. Heater/Pump Unit 1. Alcohol Injection Unit
2. Manifold
Heater/Pump Unit - Description

For machines operating in arctic type conditions an optional cold weather package can be installed.
This normally consists of a heater/pump unit. The heater/pump unit heats and circulates water and anti-
freeze through the engine, radiator, hydraulic tank and fuel tank. Fig. 4-2 shows a typical installation. A
24VDC motor operates the water pump. Diesel fuel is used to fuel the heating system. Refer to service
manual for a complete description, repair and troubleshooting of the unit.

Heater/Pump Unit - Maintenance/Inspection

WARNING:
BE SURE there are no fuel leaks near the burner unit.
CAUTION:
DISCONNECT BATTERY or unplug cable to heater controller
before doing any welding on machine. Damage to control
unit will result.
Before and after each heating period, check the following:

1. Visual check of the fuel and coolant lines for leaks.
2. Visual check of electrical lines and connections for corrosion.
3. Check for leaks and replace fuel filter if necessary. See fig. 4-2a on following page.
4. Check and clean photoresistive cell (flame monitor). See fig. 4-2a on following page.
5. Check and replace ignition electrode seals if necessary. See fig. 4-2a on following page.
6. Switch heater/pump on three or four times during off season to prevent water pump from sticking.
Heater/Pump Unit - Operation

1. Turn machine ignition switch OFF.
2. Switch heater/pump unit ON, one hour before engine start-up.
3. Switch heater/pump unit OFF, three minutes before starting machine.
Compressed Air System - Freeze Protection

To protect the compressor air lines and regulators from freeze-up, an optional alcohol injection
system is fitted into the air line. Fig. 4-3 shows a typical installation. Refer to service manual for a com-
plete description, adjustment and maintenance of unit. To warm the compressor oil, an electric heating
pad can be attached to the underside of the receiver tank.
Alcohol Injection - Adjustment

1. Initially, drip rate should be adjusted to 4 to 6 drops per minute. Adjustment should only be made
with a constant rate of air flow through the unit. Air service valve should be shut off and compressor
should be running unloaded.
2. Turn adjusting screw counter-clockwise to increase the drip rate, clockwise to decrease.
3. After adjustment is set, the unit will automatically compensate for changes in air flow, reducing the
drip rate at lower air flows and increasing the rate at higher air flows. Monitor the unit for a few days
after initial adjustment. The drip rate may need to be readjusted if the delivery appears either
excessive or low. See service manual for maintenance instructions.

Fig. 4-2a Burner Unit (part of heater/pump unit)

1. Ignition Spark Generator 6. Mixing Head Assembly
2. Combustion Air Blower Wheel 7. Electric Motor
3. Photoresistive Cell (flame monitor) 8. Fuel Pump
4. Sealing Ring 9. Fuel Filter
5. Ignition Electrode 10. Cover

Propelling Machine
WARNING:
ALWAYS propel the machine in reverse (towards operator's cab)
where possible to provide maximum visibility, propel the machine
slowly when working on slopes, ramps, or rough terrain. Be extremely
careful when working around trenches or banks.
DO NOT travel on steep slopes or crosswise to grades.
DO NOT propel machine with mast up as this causes machine to
become unstable.
Failure to follow these recommendations could result in a machine
roll over.
When propelling this machine, forward is towards the radiator end of the machine,
NOTE
and reverse is towards the operator's cab.

6. Propel Levers
46. Drill/Propel Switch

Propelling Machine
1. Select Propel mode with the Drill/Propel switch.

2. Engage left and right propel levers (6) together slowly in the required direction of travel. Propel
speed is varied by the degree of travel, forwards or backwards of the propel levers. To propel in a
straight line, the propel levers must be operated equally from the neutral positions.
3. To turn the machine left or right, one propel lever may be engaged more than the other to make the
machine turn. For very tight turns one propel lever may be engaged to the full forward position and
the opposite lever engaged to the full reverse position.
CAUTION:
Both tracks must be operated when propelling the machine.
Never allow either track to drag while propelling in a straight
line or turning.
4. To stop propelling machine once at destination, move the propel levers back to the neutral position.
5. Select Drill mode with the Drill/Propel switch (46).
WARNING:
ALWAYS select Drill mode once propelling functions are fin-
ished as Drill mode engages the brakes. Never leave the ma-
chine unattended unless Drill/Propel switch is in the Drill mode.
Failure to follow these procedures could result in personal
injury or property damage.
Propelling Up, Down and Across Grades:
1. The mast should always be lowered before propelling the machine up, down or across grades.
2. When propelling up or down a grade, index the pipe loader to a mid position, so drill pipes cannot
slide forward out of the carousel.
3. When propelling up or down a steep grade, the operator's cab should be facing downhill. With the
mast down, the front end of the machine is heavier than the rear (cab end). This makes the machine
more stable.
4. When propelling up a steep grade, a spotter should be used to guide you, as visibility is restricted to
the operator.
5. Always be careful when propelling machine across grades, as the machine is more unstable side-
ways than it is lengthways. Propel with the operator's cab facing uphill when crossing grades when-
ever possible.

Propelling Machine
Propelling Over Cables:
1. Always use an approved crossing point, if one has been constructed. Always cross at right angles
and do not turn machine while crossing.
WARNING:
NEVER propel machine across electric cables. Severe personal
injury or death could occur, as well as property damage.
2. If no approved crossing point exists, then the following procedure should be used to cross electric
cables:
o
a. Use a spotter to help guide you. Approach the cable at 90 and stop machine when cable is
between the jack pads and the tracks.
b. Carefully lower jacks, making sure the jack pads will not rest on the cable. Raise machine up
on the jacks until tracks are clear of the ground.
c. Move cable under tracks until it is between the opposite end of the tracks and jack pads at
the other end of machine.
d. Carefully lower machine, making sure cable is not under tracks and retract jacks fully before
continuing to propel machine.

6. Propel Levers
46. Drill/Propel Switch

Leveling Machine
Fig.4-5 Leveling Jack Controls

1. Level Indicator
3a. Left Rear
3b. Right Rear
3c. Front

Leveling Machine
Leveling Machine
WARNING:
NEVER ATTEMPT to commence drilling unless the machine has
been leveled and is located on stable ground conditions. Ma-
chine can turn over, causing serious injury or death.
DO NOT position jacks on cribbing or timber bridging.
DO NOT position machine close to a highwall.
If machine needs to be re-leveled after it is already on all four
jacks:
FIRST level rear (cab end) of machine.
ALWAYS extend front (radiator end) jacks to equalize pressure
in both front jacks after re-leveling machine.
Raising Machine (lowering jacks)

When raising machine, level the rear (cab end) of the machine first, then level the front (radiator end).
Refer to leveling procedure on following page.
Lowering Machine (raising jacks)

When lowering machine, lower the front (radiator end) of the machine first, keeping jack pads close
to the ground. When tracks are on the ground and machine is stable, jacks may be raised fully. Refer to
leveling procedure on following page. Some machines are equipped with jack retract indicator lights.
When the green light comes on, this means jacks are fully retracted.

Leveling Machine
Leveling Procedure
1. Using the Rear Jack levers (3a & 3b), extend the jacks to contact the ground. Level the rear
(cab end) of the machine using the Level Indicator (1) as your guide.
2. Using the Front Jack Lever (3c), lower the jacks until they contact the ground. Level the front
(radiator end) of the machine.
3. Level machine as near to level as possible.
WARNING:
ALWAYS keep the machine as low to the ground as possible when level-
ing the machine. This machine has safety check valves in the leveling
system to prevent the jacks from moving in the case of a power failure.
Should it be noticed that the jacks are creeping, the machine should not
be operated and repairs completed immediately. Failure to follow these
instructions could lead to serious personal injury or equipment damage.
4. To raise the jacks (lower machine), move Jack Lever (3c) to the raise position to lower the front
(radiator end) of the machine. Move Jack Levers (3a & 3b) to the raise position to lower the
rear (cab end) of the machine. Rear jacks may be raised individually or together.
Fig.4-5 Leveling Jack Controls

1. Level Indicator
3a. Left Rear
3b. Right Rear
3c. Front

Re-Leveling Machine
WARNING:
If machine needs to be re-leveled after it is already on all four
jacks:
FIRST level rear (cab end) of machine.
ALWAYS extend front (radiator end) jacks to equalize pressure in
both front jacks after re-leveling machine.
Re-Leveling Procedure
If machine has been leveled and is up on all four jacks and you need to re-level the machine, use the
following procedure (refer to fig. 4-3 for leveling jack controls):
1. Level the rear (cab end) of the machine first using levers 3a and 3b.
2. Level the front (radiator end) of the machine using lever 3c even if it appears level. This must be
done to equalize the hydraulic pressure to the front jacks.

Raising Mast
DANGER:
Refer to chart below for Clearances from High Voltage Lines.
WARNING:
before drilling.
Clearances from High Voltage Lines

Voltage Minimum Clearance
up to 50 kv 10 ft. (3 m)
over 50 to 75 kv 11 ft. (3.4 m)
over 75 to 125 kv 13 ft. (4 m)
over 125 to 175 kv 15 ft. (4.6 m)
over 175 to 250 kv 17 ft. (5.2 m)
over 250 to 370 kv 21 ft. (6.4 m)
over 370 to 550 kv 27 ft. (8.2 m)
over 550 to 1000 kv 42 ft. (12.8 m)
Table 4-1 Minimum safe distances from high voltage lines.
1. Level the machine, using procedure outlined previously.

2. Check mast for loose drilling tools or parts.
3. Be sure mast lock pins are retracted and drill bit will clear work deck area.
4. Look up before raising mast. Be sure you are clear of any overhead obstructions and clear of any
power lines. Raise mast by engaging the Mast Lever (4) to the raise position. The mast should
start to lift; if not, check the auxiliary hydraulic pressure gauge to see if any other functions are
engaged.
5. As the mast approaches the vertical position, the mast raising speed will tend to increase, so it
will become necessary to slow the speed to stop the mast from hitting into the base of the
machine too hard.
6. The mast angle may be set from 70 degrees to the vertical depending on drilling applications.
Use the angle indicator on the mast to set the correct angles.
7. Once the mast has been set at the desired angle, lock the mast into position by pushing the Mast
Lock/Unlock Switch (39) to the Lock position.

Lowering Mast
DANGER:
Refer to chart for Clearances from High Voltage Lines.
WARNING:
before drilling.
1. Retract the drill string from the hole, ensuring that the drill bit will clear the work deck area.
2. Rotate the drill pipe loader to the stored position and swing the loader into the center of the
mast.
3. Unlock the mast by pushing the Mast Lock/Unlock Switch (39) to the Unlock position.
4. Lower the mast by engaging the Mast Lever (4) to the Lower position, controlling the lowering
speed with the mast lever.
Fig. 4-6 Mast Controls

4. Mast Raise & Lower Lever
39. Mast Lock Switch

Loading Drill Pipe
CAUTION:
Load drill pipe using a crane whenever possible, this is
the best and safest method. If a crane is not available
when drill pipe is being loaded, follow the procedure
outlined below.
Equipment Required:
1. Service truck with service winch capable of lifting male end of pipe above the drilling platform of
the machine or front end loader.
2. Adequate lifting straps.
Procedure:
1. Be sure machine is on level and solid ground.
2. Check all pipe rack control functions to be sure they operate according to labels on control panel.
Switch hoses if necessary. Check fluid level in rotary gearbox.
3. Lift the male end of the pipe to approximately the height of the middle railing around the drilling
platform. Be sure pipe is secure and won't slip.
4. Raise mast to the same angle as pipe and back machine up to the pipe.
5. Apply grease to drill pipe threads and lower the rotary head until the top sub-adapter engages the
threads of the pipe. Thread the pipe all the way to the shoulder of the pipe and top sub-adapter.
6. Stabilize machine by lowering all four jacks to the ground. Machine does not have to be lifted off
the ground, but jack pads should be in solid contact with ground.
7. Raise the rotary head up the mast with the pipe, but do not let the pipe go above the deck
bushing in the mast base. Use the pipe support if you have an angle hole machine.
8. When the lower end of the drill pipe approaches the deck bushing, stop the rotary head and raise
the mast to the vertical position. Use the pipe rack controls to rack the pipe (refer to instructions
on "Retracting Drill Pipe" in this section).
9. Repeat steps 3-8 for the remaining pipe sections.

Preparing to Drill
Installing and Removing Drill Bit

Before drilling can commence, you must first install the drill bit sub and the drill bit.
1. Remove the rotary deck bushing from the work deck and insert the drill bit breakout basket into
the work deck.
2. Place the drill bit into the bit basket.
3. Place the bit sub onto the drill bit and make-up thread joint "hand" tight.
4. Engage the drill pipe to the bit sub and rotate drill pipe clockwise slowly until the thread joint
becomes tight. Tighten thread joint to 3000 PSI (207 bar) on the rotation pressure gauge.
5. For removal of drill bit, place bit breakout basket into the work deck.
6. Lower drill bit into the breakout basket and use the breakout wrench to break the thread joint.
7. Once thread joint is loose, simultaneously rotate drill pipe counterclockwise and slowly raise drill
pipe until the drill bit is unscrewed.

Drilling Procedures
DANGER:
coming in contact with electrical power lines will result in
serious personal injury or death.
Refer to chart for Clearances from High Voltage Lines in
Section 1 or under "Raising Mast" in this section.
WARNING:
before drilling.
DO NOT operate machine when wind speed is above 75 MPH
(120.8 Km/h).
Fig. 4-5 Drilling Controls

7. Rotation Lever 29. Hydraulic System Pressure Gauge
8. Pulldown Lever 30. Drilling Air Pressure Gauge
9. Water Injection Flow Control 43. Drilling Air Switch
10. Pulldown System Pressure Control 36. Water Injection/Dust Collector Switch
27. Rotation Pressure Gauge 44. Pulldown System Switch
28. Pulldown Pressure Gauge

Drilling Procedures
Once the drill pipe, bit sub, and drill bit have been coupled up, drilling operations are ready to
commence.
1. Lower the drill bit until it comes in contact with the ground.
2. Zero the drill monitor, if equipped.
3. Turn on the drilling air by engaging the Air On/Off switch (43) to the On position. Note the air
pressure registered on the Drill Air Pressure Gauge (30).
4. Start rotating the drill string forward "slowly" 30-40 RPM using Rotation Lever (7). Forward
rotation is clockwise.
5. Slowly lower the drill string using Pulldown Lever (8) until the drill bit is firmly collared in the drill
hole. Collaring of the hole should be done slowly and carefully to ensure that the hole will stand up
and to help avoid drilling problems as the drill hole gets deeper.
6. Once the hole is collared, engage the Pulldown Switch (44) by pushing the switch to the engage
position, then start increasing the Pulldown Pressure (10) and rotation speed until a satisfactory
rate of penetration is achieved. Pulldown pressure and rotation speed will be dictated by the type
of ground being drilled. Refer to Section 5 - Drilling Practices for more information.
NOTE Applying excessive weight or using too fast of rotation speed will result in damage
to the drill string.
7. Pulldown pressure and rotation speed must be continuously adjusted to suit the drilling conditions.
Monitor the rotation pressure and air pressure gauges for abnormal readings.
NOTE If the drilling air pressure rises 15 PSI (1 bar) higher than normal or the rotation
pressure is higher than normal, disengage the pulldown and lift the drill bit off the
bottom of the hole and allow the hole to clear, if necessary work the drill string up
and down to assist in cleaning the hole. Decrease the amount of pulldown if the
drill bit or hole continues to block up.
8. Switch on either the dust collector or water injection system. Engage Water Injection/Dust
Collector Switch (36) Down for dust collector, Up for water injection. Adjust water flow for
water injection with Flow Control Valve (9).
NOTE Do not use the dust collector if ground water is encountered. Excessive water
injection will reduce drill bit service life.
9. Drill down until the desired depth of the hole is reached, then disengage the Pulldown Switch (44)
and start raising the drill string out of the hole using the Hoist/Pulldown Lever (8). As the drill bit
approaches the top of the hole, turn off the air and stop rotating the pipe. Lift the drill bit clear of
the ground, high enough to allow good clearance when moving to the next hole.
NOTE If depths of more than one drill pipe are required, follow the operating proce-
dures for multiple pass drilling.

Multiple Pass Drilling
When depths of more than one length of drill pipe are required, drill pipe from the drill pipe loader will
need to be used to continue drilling. Follow the procedures outlined on the next page.
Fig. 4-8 Drilling Pipe Rack Controls

7. Rotation Lever 36. Water Injection/Dust Collector Switch
8. Hoist/Pulldown Lever 39. Mast Lock Switch
27. Rotation Pressure Gauge 40. Drill Pipe Loader - Swing
28. Pulldown Pressure Gauge 41. Drill Pipe Loader - Rotate
29. Hydraulic System Pressure Gauge 42. Drill Pipe Loader - Lock
30. Drilling Air Pressure Gauge 43. Drill Air Switch
32. HOBO Wrench - Swing 44. Pulldown System Switch
33. HOBO Wrench - Clamp 45. Deck Wrench Switch

Multiple Pass Drilling
Adding Drill Pipe

1. Drill down until the rotary head stops at the bottom of the mast.
2. Disengage the pulldown system by turning off Pulldown Switch (44), stop rotation with Rotation
Lever (7).
3. Lift the drill string and align the flats on the drill pipe with the deck wrench. Turn off Water Injec-
tion/Dust Collector Switch (36), engage Deck Wrench with switch (45) onto pipe, and turn off
Drilling Air Switch (43).
4. Using reverse rotation, break the thread joint and undo the threads slowly, simultaneously raising
the rotary head clear of the bottom threads.
CAUTION:
DO NOT allow drill pipe to drop in deep holes, thread dam-
age will occur.
5. Apply thread grease to the drill pipe threads.

6. Raise the rotary head to the top of the mast with Hoist/Pulldown Lever (8).
7. Swing the drill pipe loader into the center of the mast using the Drill Pipe Loader Swing Switch
(40). A drill pipe should now be located under the rotary head. If not, you will need to rotate the
loader to align the next pipe.
To Rotate Drill Pipe Loader
a. Unlock the pipe loader by using the Drill Pipe Loader Lock Switch (42). Place switch to
the Unlock position.
b. Index the pipe loader to the next position by using the Drill Pipe Loader Rotate Switch
(41). Once in position, lock the loader by engaging the Drill Pipe Loader Lock Switch (42).
8. Lower the rotary head slowly onto the drill pipe, once the head engages the drill pipe thread, stop
lowering the head. Slowly engage forward rotation, keep rotating until the tread joint becomes
tight, which is indicated by an increase in rotation pressure as seen on the Rotation Pressure
Gauge (27).
CAUTION:
ALWAYS torque the drill pipe joints in the pipe loader.
9. Lift the drill pipe clear of the holder on the pipe loader and swing the loader out to the drilling
position.
10. Lower the drill pipe until it engages with the pipe in the deck wrench. Slowly rotate the drill pipe in
the forward direction until the joint becomes tight, use the Rotation Pressure Gauge (27) to set
the torque on the joint.
11. Retract deck wrench, turn on drilling air, engage dust suppression and engage the pulldown
system, continue drilling until desired depth is reached.

Retracting Drill Pipe
Fig. 4-8 Drilling Pipe Rack Controls

7. Rotation Lever 36. Water Injection/Dust Collector Switch
8. Hoist/Pulldown Lever 39. Mast Lock Switch
27. Rotation Pressure Gauge 40. Drill Pipe Loader - Swing
28. Pulldown Pressure Gauge 41. Drill Pipe Loader - Rotate
29. Hydraulic System Pressure Gauge 42. Drill Pipe Loader - Lock
30. Drilling Air Pressure Gauge 43. Drill Air Switch
32. HOBO Wrench - Swing 44. Pulldown System Switch
33. HOBO Wrench - Clamp 45. Deck Wrench Switch
1. Once the desired hole depth is reached, disengage the pulldown system (44) and raise the
rotary head with lever (8) until the drill pipe thread joint is above the deck wrench.
2. Turn off the water injection/dust collector switch (36) and drilling air (43).
3. Align the flats on the lower drill pipe with the deck wrench, the flats should be approximately 2
inches above the deck wrench. Engage the deck wrench (45).
4. Slowly place the Rotation Lever (7) into reverse and allow the rotation pressure to increase
until the drill pipe joint breaks.
WARNING:
If the upper thread joint becomes loose before the lower joint, re-
tighten the upper joint and use the breakout wrench to loosen the
lower joint.
DO NOT allow the upper drill pipe joint to unscrew unless positioned in
the drill pipe loader.

Retracting Drill Pipe
5. Once the pipe joint has been broken, rotate the drill pipe with lever (7) in the reverse direction,
simultaneously raise the rotary head with lever (8) until the threads are disengaged.
6. Raise the drill pipe until the bottom of the drill pipe will clear the drill pipe holder when the loader
is swung into the center of the mast.
7. Align the flats on the drill pipe to the same position that would be required to engage the deck
wrench.
8. Swing the pipe loader into the center of the mast with switch (40), ensuring that the drill pipe
goes into the pipe loader easily. Do not force the drill pipe into the pipe loader.
9. Once the loader is in position, lower the drill pipe into the holder, stop the pipe approximately 2
inches from the bottom of the holder.
10. Slowly place the Rotation Lever (7) in reverse, allowing the rotation pressure to increase until
the top joint breaks, which can be identified by a decrease in rotation pressure. Once the joint
breaks, continue reverse rotation until the drill pipe drops into the holder.
WARNING:
NEVER use excessive force when breaking joints. Make sure loader
locking pin is locked before attempting to break joints. Make sure drill
pipe is properly secured in loader.
11. Once the rotary head is disengaged from the drill pipe, raise the rotary head at least 8 inches,
so it will clear the top of the drill pipe.
12. Swing pipe loader with switch (40) to the drilling position. Rotate pipe loader with switch
(41) to the next position if required.
13. Lower rotary head to the drill pipe in the tool wrench, use forward rotation to engage and
tighten to full rotation pressure to ensure joint will remain tight.
14. Repeat items 3-12 until all pipes have been removed.
CAUTION:
ALWAYS make sure that all drill pipes have been removed from the
hole before attempting to lower the mast.
NEVER leave the machine unattended with drill pipe in the hole.
Failure to follow these procedures could result in damaged equip-
ment.

Notes

Section 5
Drilling Practices
Drilling Practices 5-1

Drilling Terminology
A.P.I. Thread Stabilizers

American Petroleum Industry Standard type thread. Stabilizers are used to reduce possible hole deflec-
tion.
Beco Thread
A heavy duty thread type used on Blast Hole drill pipe. Substitutes (Subs)
Subs or adapters are used where different thread
Bit Basket sizes or types are required to be joined together.
Used to hold the drill bit when adding or removing the
bit. T.C.I.
Tungsten Carbide Inserts, used on Tri-Cone roller
Blade Bit bits.
A drill bit with three or four fixed cutting edges.
Thread Grease
Bootleg Thread Grease is used to lubricate the threads on the
The portion of the borehole remaining after the blast. pipe.
Carousel Tri-Cone Roller Bit

The carousel or drill pipe loader is used to hold spare A drill bit with three rolling cones, inserted with
drill pipe in the mast for deeper drilling tungsten carbide buttons or milled teeth.
requirements.
U.H.V.
Compressed Air Up Hole Velocity, is the speed at which the drill
Used to blow drilled cuttings from the hole and to cool cuttings are being blown out of the hole,
the bit bearings. this speed is usually referred to in feet per minute.
Drill Bit Water Injection

Drill bits are used to break the rock by a chipping or Used to help with dust suppression and aid hole
cutting action cleaning.
Drill Pipe
Drill pipe is used as a modem to rotate the drill bit,
transfer force to the drill bit and to pass air or water
to the bit to aid in hole cleaning.
Dust Collector
Used to control dust exiting the drill hole.
Nozzles
Orifices in the bit used to control air flow and pres-
sure.
Penetration Rate
The speed at which the drill bit is cutting.
Pulldown
The amount of weight that is being applied to the bit.
5-2 Drilling Practices

Bit Weight & Rotary Speeds
Many variations in formation characteristics can affect the weight on bit and rotary speed require-
ments. Your own field experience is the best guideline for determining the appropriate weight on bit and
rotation speed combination for your particular drilling operation. However, bit force and rotation speeds
must be kept within the safe and economic limits of the drill rig and drill string.
When calculating the pulldown force on the drill bit, you must include the weights of the rotary head
and drill string into your calculation, because when more drill pipes are added, the weight on the bit will
increase and in some cases it may be necessary to reduce the hydraulic pulldown force being supplied to
avoid blocking or damaging the drill bit.
Drill bit manufacturers suggest that a pulldown force of 3500-7000 pounds per inch of drill bit
diameter can be exerted to the drill bit in the right drilling conditions, however this is only a guideline and
ground conditions will dictate how much weight can be applied.
PULLDOWN FORCE CALCULATION
Bit Diameter = 7 7/8"

7.875 x 3500 = 23,600 Pounds Force
7.875 x 7000 = 55,125 Pounds Force
The Reedrill Infinity Series Drills utilize hydraulic pressure to exert pulldown force on the drill bit; this
pressure is indicated on the pulldown system pressure gauge. However, the pressure readings on this
gauge indicate hydraulic pressure only and must be converted into actual Weight on Bit (pounds force)
per square inch of drill bit diameter.
Do not compare or use the same hydraulic pressure settings when using different drill rigs as the
weight or hydraulic pressure may vary. In most cases the hydraulic pressures on varying drill rigs will
indicate different weights on the drill bit. Consult the machine's operator manual to ascertain the correla-
tion between hydraulic pressure and the actual weight on bit.
Laboratory experiments have shown that uniform rock formations, when drilled with rotary drill bits
react as follows:
1. Penetration rate is at least directly proportional to the weight on bit.

2. Penetration rate is directly proportional to the rotary speed.
In principal, the faster that we could rotate and the more weight we put on the drill bit, the higher the
rate of penetration. Although in actual drilling practices it is important to note that the many variations in
formation characteristics, drill bit condition and chip removal affect the rate of penetration, therefore
statements 1 and 2 must only serve as a guideline.
In soft, easily drilled formations, the use of high pulldown pressures are restricted due to the drill bit's
tendency to "Ball Up" thereby reducing its efficiency. However, it is usually possible to offset the reduction
in pulldown force by increasing the rotary speed. The danger of bit damage is reduced in low strength
formations.
The extent to which you can increase the rotary speed is limited by the presence of abrasive prop-
erties and the ability to clear the cuttings immediately from the bit face, which would prematurely erode
the cutting structure or bit bearings under excessive rotary speeds.

Bit Weight & Rotary Speeds
In hard formations, it is necessary to use higher pulldown pressures to overcome the compressive
strength of the rock formation. The operation of tri-cone roller bits in hard rock is complicated by the sliding
and skipping of the bit cutters as the rock breaks away unevenly. Failure to get complete clearing of the drill
cuttings becomes a larger problem when high rotation speeds are used. The use of excessive rotation
speeds can cause increased abrasive wear and create shock loads too great for the drill bit, pipe and drill
rig. Therefore, there may be little advantage in increasing rotary speeds above recommended levels.
Smooth vibration free drilling produces holes most efficiently and possible gains from high rotation speeds
may need to be sacrificed to get a constant rate of penetration and economical bit life.

Rotary Drill Bits
The two main bit types available for rotary blast hole drilling are:
1. Drag or Blade Bits

2. Tri-Cone Roller Bits
Rotary drill bits operate using a combination of two forces:
1. Thrust "Weight on Bit"

2. Torque "Rotation"
Drill bits must make chips or cuttings and combined with air pressure and volume contribute to the
clearing of the drilled cuttings.
Drag Bits
Drag bits are used in soft formations like clay, shale, and soft overburden materials. These bits make
maximum use of rotary torque for chip making.
Drag bits generally have 3 or 4 cutting wings which are tipped with tungsten carbide inserts to resist
heat during drilling.
Advantages of Drag Bits
1. Relatively low in cost compared to tri-cone roller bits.

2. High penetration rates in soft formations.
3. Good penetration of difficult formations such as clay.
Disadvantages of Drag Bits
1. Shorter service life than tri-cone bits.

2. Not good for drilling hard formations.
3. Unstabilized drag bits are prone to drill crooked holes.

Rotary Drill Bits
Tri-Cone Roller Bits

Tri-Cone roller bits are made for four general types of drilling conditions, these are soft, medium, hard
and very hard ground formations.
Roller bits consist of a bit body with three cones equipped with steel teeth or tungsten carbide buttons.
The teeth or buttons are distributed over the three roller cones in such a manner that the entire bottom of
the hole is worked when the bit is rotated.
General characteristics for soft formation bits are that the bits have larger, more widely spaced teeth
or buttons and differing cone centering geometry, while hard formation bits have smaller tungsten carbide
inserts for cutting teeth which are closely spaced to reduce torque and the size of the chips in hard material.
The cones of the drill bit are mounted on bearings which are designed to withstand the thrust and
rotation forces exerted on the bit. The gauge or size for the bit is protected by hard facing or tungsten
compacts on the outer surface of the cones and the shirt tails of the bit body.
Tri-cone bits are fitted with air tubes and nozzles which allow air to pass through the bit. The air tubes
are designed to allow air to pass through the bit. The air tubes are designed to allow air to flow through to
the bit bearings, the air then aids in cooling and cleaning the bearings.
The bit nozzles allow the main volume of air to flow through the bit for cleaning the cuttings from the
hole. These nozzles are designed so that different sized orifices can be installed for different drilling condi-
tions.
To make sure air gets down to the bearing air tubes, ensure a certain amount of working air pressure
at the bit face. Change this pressure by changing the size of the nozzles, which might be needed if the
drilling conditions get softer. The orifice size would probably need to be increased to allow more air to pass
through the bit for better hole cleaning.
Advantages of Tungsten Carbide, Tri-Cone Roller Bits
1. Four to Ten times more footage per bit than conventional hard formation steel tooth bits.
2. The penetration rate will usually equal or exceed that of conventional hard formation bits.
3. Higher feed pressures can be used in hard formations.
4. Bits can be used in both soft and hard formations.
Disadvantages of Tungsten Carbide, Tri-Cone Roller Bits
1. More expensive than conventional bits.

2. Generally not good for drilling clay formations.

Rotary Drill Bits
Tri-Cone Roller Bits (continued)

Tungsten carbide bits may cost more than steel tooth bits and economics must be considered when
choosing the correct bits for each application and should enter into your decision when to use them.
All tungsten carbide bit designs incorporated the use of compacts in the gauge surface or the cones,
and varying combinations of compacts and hard facing on the gauge surface of the bit leg to provide
increased resistance to abrasive wear.
When the formation is relatively uniform, these bits characteristically drill at a constant penetration
rate throughout their life.
Sufficient weight must be applied to the bit to produce an effective chipping-crushing action of the
formation. However, you should be aware that weights in excess of "sufficient" are not necessarily economi-
cal, as they may result in breakage of the compacts as well as reducing the life of the bearings.
Normally the weights used on tri-cone roller bits range from 3,500 to 7,000 pounds per inch of bit
diameter with rotary speeds varying from 100 to 500 revolutions per minute.

Rotary Blast Hole Drill Strings
Drill Pipe
Drill pipe is used as a modem to transfer rotation to the drill bit and to convey air to clean the cuttings
from the hole.
Blast hole drill pipe is selected to suit the diameter of the hole being drilled, the pulldown and hoisting
capacity of the machine, and up-hole velocity requirements to clean the hole.
Standard drill pipe is designed to be run in tension. Drill pipe run in tension is held relatively straight,
bending and wear are therefore kept to a minimum. However, Blast Hole rigs apply pressure to the bit
through the pull-down system on the machine.
Since blast hole pipe is run in compression it must be made from heavy wall tubing to resist forces
which not only may be high, but are also changing rapidly. The pipe must continue to do this in spite of
abrasive wear and continual bending stresses. Drilling operations often place great stresses on the drill
string, therefore the drill pipe must be manufactured to the highest degree to achieve the ultimate service
life.
Periodic inspections should be made of the condition of your drill pipe and should include the following
items:
1. Outside diameter measurement of pipe.

2. Check welded joints for cracks or excess wear.
3. Check threads for excessive wear or galling.
4. Check pipe for bends or eccentric joints.
Fabricated Drill
Blast hole drill pipe design features tool joints made from steels selected specifically for the applica-
tion and heat treated to obtain optimum strength and toughness.
The tool joints are designed with long tangs that are internally tapered, which enables them to be
forced or shrink fitted to the tubing and then welded. Wrench slots or flats are milled to suit the break-out
requirements of the drill.

Pipe Threads
There are many different types of threads available for drill pipe connections most of which are not
acceptable for blast hole drilling because of their vulnerability to damage from excessive forces to the drill
string in blast hole drilling.
The two most commonly used threads are:
1. A.P.I. Regular (American Petroleum Industry Standard)

2. BECO style thread
With the increase in demand for efficient, economical blast hole drilling, it was observed that several
factors caused greater thread wear on blast hole drills.
1. The drilling of multiple pass holes demands frequent pipe changes. This increased frequency greatly
contributes to thread wear.
2. The coupling of the rotary head to a drill pipe in the pipe loader often occurs at an elevation high in
the mast, affording very poor visibility to the operator. This operation is often done by feel and
cross threading is not an uncommon result.
3. Thread loading during joint make-up should be instrument controlled. The rotary head used on blast
hole drills can generate very high torque and the skills of the operator usually determines the actual
magnitude of the axial forces used. A careless operator can destroy the threads if care is not
exercised.
4. All drill pipe that operates in compression has the tendency to bend and rub on the walls of the hole.
These bending forces also act on the threads which increases the possibility of cracks, breaks and
tool joint failures.
A.P.I. Regular Threads

Field experiences have shown that the normal A.P.I. Regular threads have displayed less than satisfac-
tory life under the above conditions. The majority of drill bits are provided with A.P.I. Regular pins, but since
bit changes are less frequent than pipe changes, thread wear is less, making the A.P.I. Regular threads
acceptable for bit connections.
BECO Threads
The primary feature of the BECO thread series is that 2 threads per inch pitch is utilized. This coarser
thread survives much better under adverse conditions. The coarse threads are stronger, less susceptible to
damage, more tolerant of wear and easier to loosen from a tight condition. Since the incorporation of the
BECO thread system in the early 1960's, the thread has become an unofficial world wide standard for drill
pipe used in rotary blast hole drilling operations.

Thread Grease
Precision machined threads and shoulders must be protected from damage. Threads are subjected to
a lot of abuse, therefore it is imperative that they are inspected and greased regularly. Prior to each use,
clean and visually inspect each pin and box for thread and shoulder damage. Check carefully for galls,
burrs, scratches and particularly for cracks. Clean or repair if necessary. Use a zinc, lead or copper based
lubricant that is recommended for rotary connections and apply thoroughly to all thread and shoulder
surfaces. Ensure grease is clean and free of dust and debris.
Substitutes
Substitutes (subs) or adapters are used where threads of one size or type must be coupled with
threads of another size or type. They are also used at points of heat wear to provide readily replaceable
threads. Changes in drill pipe diameter must occur gradually. Subs should be gently tapered.

Drill Bit Stabilizers
Drill bit stabilizers are used to reduce possible hole deflection and to ensure that the drill bit runs
concentrically (evenly in the center of the hole) about its axis and thereby optimizes bit life and penetration
rates.
There are two main types of stabilizers available, blade and roller. Blade stabilizers have fixed wings
that have been either hard faced or mounted with tungsten carbide inserts. Roller stabilizers are mounted
with replaceable rollers which are built up with a special tungsten carbide weld and held in place by long
lasting non grease bearings.
Advantages of Blade Type Stabilizers
1. Generally cheaper.
2. May use replaceable wear bars for rapid rebuilding.
3. Can use replaceable sleeves.
Disadvantages of Blade Type Stabilizers
1. Require rebuilding for each new drill bit.

2. Have relatively high torque requirements.
3. In hard ground they may provide little stabilization after the first couple of holes.
Advantages of Roller Type Stabilizers
1. Lower torque requirements than blades.

2. Better stabilization.
3. Generally give more economical life.
4. Throw away or replaceable rollers.
Disadvantages of Roller Type Stabilizers
1. High purchase cost.

2. Expensive replacement of parts

Compressed Air
Compressed air is the most common method used with blast hole drills for clearing chips from the
hole. The advantages of drilling blast holes with compressed air are fast chip removal, and that holes are
normally left dry.
In some circumstances a controlled amount of water or foam can be injected into the air stream to aid
chip removal, enhance hole stability and control dust problems.
Chips not cleared immediately will be broken into smaller pieces. Secondary breaking wastes energy
and increases bit wear.
Air Requirements
In rotary blast hole drilling we must always be concerned with delivery of air in sufficient volume and at
the proper pressure to assure optimum bit life when drilling with recommended bit weight and RPM. Suffi-
cient air volume should be provided to produce an up-hole velocity of 4,000 to 6,000 feet per minute ( 1220
to 1830 meters per minute).
Up-Hole Velocity Calculations

Cubic Feet Per Minute:
Velocity = Free Air CFM x 183.4

(Bit Diameter 2 - Pipe Diameter 2) in inches
Meters Per Minute:
Velocity = Free Air L.P.M. x 2

(Bit Diameter 2 - Pipe Diameter 2 ) in inches

Drilling Related Problems
The majority of drilling problems originate from errors in judgement or simply from making a bad
decision. Drilling problems generally offer several courses or action to overcome the drilling problem,
therefore we must make a decision to try another method of operation to rectify the problem. Drilling
decisions often avert or accelerate the complex drilling difficulties which we refer to as drilling problems.
EXAMPLE:
a. A decision may be made a long time before the problem is evident, like deciding to use
inadequate up hole air velocity. This may lead to slow, inefficient drilling or stuck drill strings.
b. Or the decision can bring immediate problems, like a decision to increase the pulldown
pressure may result in premature failure of the drill bit.
During drilling operations every action taken may have consequences. Operators must recognize that
their job involves a continuous sequence of making decisions and the quality of these decisions determines
the quality of the operator's performance.
Drilling consists of a continuing sequence of:
1. Being aware
2. Interpreting indicators or messages
3. Making decisions
4. Monitoring results
Many drilling problems are revealed to the operator by an indicator. This indicator can take almost any
form (e.g.: a reduction in the volume of drill cuttings being cleared from the hole). This may not be a problem
in itself, but it could be an indicator of a problem developing down the hole, therefore if the operator knows
the indicators, they are then made aware of the pending problem.
Human Error Problems

These problems have a direct and usually short term connection with a decision (e.g.: The operator
decides to try and drill one more hole with a badly worn bit before changing the bit).
Operational Related Problems

These problems are connected with the failure of the drilling equipment (e.g.: Engine fails while drill
string is in the hole, possibly leading to the drill string becoming stuck while engine is repaired).
Formation Related Problems

Some formations present problems that are not readily solved using the available drilling equipment or
skills (e.g.: Swelling ground formations due to high levels of ground water). These situations should be
viewed as a challenge rather than a problem.

Operating Problems and Indicators
1. Drill Bit Penetration Slows or Stops

This is a statement of an indicator rather than a problem. The solution depends on the correct
diagnosis of the problem, which could be:
a. Formation Change
b. Drill Bit Blocked Up
c. Incorrect Bit Type
d. Dull Drill Bit
e. Incorrect Pulldown Pressure or Rotary Speed
f. Inadequate Hole Cleaning
2. High Drill String Torque

Excessive drill string torque is also an indicator of a pending problem, some of which might be:
a. Excessive Pulldown Pressure
b. Inadequate Hole Cleaning
c. Crooked Hole
d. Damaged or Badly Worn Drill Bit
3. Drill String Vibration

This itself often seems like a problem, but the true problem usually lies in the reason for the vibra-
tion, some of which are:
a. Incorrect Rotary Speed
b. Bent Drill Pipe
c. Eccentric Drill Pipe Joints
d. Incorrect Drill Pipe to Hole Size
e. Crooked Hole
f. Worn Deck Bushing or Stabilizer
4. Stuck Drill Pipe

a. Inadequate Hole Cleaning
b. Crooked Hole
c. Faulty Formations

Solving Drilling Problems
1. Recognize the problem. The operator must be aware of the small problems before they develop into
bigger ones.
2. Analyze the problem. Determine exactly what the problem is, what caused it and what is involved to
rectify the problem.
3. Compare the current problem with others previously encountered to assist in finding the most likely
solution. Decide on a solution.
Experienced operators make decisions almost automatically, they are immediately aware of the signifi-
cance of an indicator. They react spontaneously because their experience tells them the appropriate action
to take. By correctly selecting the desirable action in each situation, an operator will:
1. Maximize the quality of the products of drilling

2. Maximize drilling production

Notes

Section 6
Machine Specifications
and Transport
Specifications and Transport 6-1

SKS Dimensions and Center of Gravity
Fig. 6-1 SKS Mast
6-2 Specifications and Transport

Fig. 6-2 SKS Plan View

Fig. 6-2a SKS Right Side View

SKS Weights and Dimensions

Operating Dimensions - Mast Down Operating Dimensions - Mast Up
Length: 55'-6" (16.92 m) Length: 36'-9" (11.20 m)
Width: 17'-3" (5.26 m) Width: 17'-3" (5.26 m)
Height: 15'-11" (4.45 m) Height: 53'-6" (16.31 m)
(dimensions with 35' [10.67 m] mast)
Approximate Operating Weight with Mast and Drill Pipe: 160,000 lbs. (72,576 kg.)
Shipping Dimensions - *Machine Only Shipping Dimensions - Mast Only
Length: 36'-8 1/4" (11.20 m) Length: 49'-0" (14.95 m)
Width: 14'-0" (4.27 m) Width: 7'-8" (2.34 m)
Height: 12'-4-13/16" (3.78 m) Height: 7'-0" (2.14 m)
* Machine with Operator's Cab Platform removed.
Weight of Machine Only: 115,000 lbs. (52,210 kg.)
Weight of Mast (less pipe): 31,000 lbs. (14,074 kg.)
SKS Maximum Ground Pressure = 11 PSI (.76 bar)

Maximum Wind Speed = 75 MPH (120.8 Km/h) at which time drilling must be stopped,
mast lowered and machine shut-down.

Transporting Machine
Mast Removal and Installation

Generally, when transporting the SKS machine, it will be necessary to remove the mast and ship it
on a separate truck, due to weight and height restrictions. Follow the steps outlined below for removal
and installation.
WARNING:
BE SURE machine is on level and solid ground before
performing any service procedures.
BE SURE hydraulic and pneumatic systems are not
pressurized before removing any fittings or connections.
Mast Removal:
1. Remove drill pipe from mast (refer to "loading and unloading drill pipe" in section 4) and swing
carousel all the way in.
2. Lower mast to horizontal position, so that mast is resting on mast support.
3. Shut down the machine and be sure pressure has been relieved before removing any connections
or fittings. Tag and remove all hydraulic, pneumatic and grease lines to the mast. Use numbered
or lettered caps and plugs to aid in reassembly. Disconnect electrical plug from mast valve bank.
If using one crane for lifting the mast, the lifting slings should be positioned at
NOTE o
about a 45 angle from the mast.
4. Attach four (4) steel cable lifting slings to the mast at the lifting points. Two are located at the
mast crown and two are located at the mast base (fig. 6-3). Use a crane capable of supporting
the weight of the mast and able to lift the mast high enough to clear the height of the machine
(refer to machine specifications on previous pages). Attach two guide ropes to mast to control
swinging of mast.
5. Remove the two capscrews that secure the mast pivot lug cap and remove cap from each side
of mast (fig. 6-3).
6. Support the mast cylinders to prevent movement after the cylinder pins are removed. Raise the
mast slightly to take weight off the mast cylinder pins and remove the cotter pins and cylinder
pins from mast.
WARNING:
Keep all personnel clear of mast when lifting. Do not
allow anyone under mast when lifting.
7. Lift mast clear of machine and tram machine out from under mast. Position trailer under mast and
lower mast onto trailer and secure for transport (refer to loading and unloading procedures).
8. Using a suitable lifting device lean the mast cylinders forward and secure to the "A" Frame if the
machine is being transported.

Fig. 6-3 SKS Mast Assembly (ref. 413241)

1. Lifting Lugs (4)
2. Capscrews (4) Torque to 2371 ft.lbs. (3224.6 Nm)
3. Pivot Lug Cap (2)
Mast Installation:
WARNING:
NOTE If using one crane for lifting the mast, the lifting slings should be positioned at
o
mast crown and two are located at the mast base (fig's. 6-3). Use a crane capable of supporting
the weight of the mast and able to lift the mast high enough to clear the height of the machine
(refer to machine specifications on previous pages). Attach two guide ropes to mast to control
swinging of mast.
2. Be sure area of mast installation is level and ground is solid. Apply a coat of grease to the mast
pivot bushings. Position machine under mast and carefully lower mast, aligning the mast pivot lugs
with the pivot bushings on the "A" Frame. Mast should be resting on the pivot bushings and the
mast rest at the front of the machine.
3. Position the mast lift cylinders to line up with the holes in the mast. The mast may have to be
lifted slightly to align the holes. Install pins, washers and cotter pins.
4. Install the pivot lug caps with capscrews and washers. Torque capscrews to value noted in figure
6-3.
5. Connect all hoses, by matching the numbered or lettered caps and plugs. Be sure all grease lines
are installed (if used). Connect electrical connection to mast valve bank. Be sure all connections
are tight. Start machine and check for any leaks.

Fig. 6-4 Split Cab and Walkway

1. Cab Extension 3. Lifting Eyes
2. Cab Supports 4. Removable Walkway
Loading Machine:
WARNING:
This machine is to be operated only by trained personnel, or a
copy of the SKS Operator Manual must be provided to person-
nel involved with loading and unloading of machine. Operator
must read and understand the safety, start-up, shutdown and
operation sections of the manual.
1. Raise dust curtains and secure with rope to prevent interference with trailer wheels (fig. 6-6).
2. Place any loose items into tool box, such as brass bushings from mast pivot, bit sub, etc.
3. Place mast raise cylinders against mast "A" frame and secure with rope to keep them from
moving.
4. If necessary (due to travel width restrictions in your area) the cab extension and walkway can be
removed for transport (fig. 6-4). Support walkway with forklift or overhead lifting device and
remove the bolts that secure walkway to frame. Load walkway onto trailer with mast (fig. 6-8).
Support cab extension by attaching lifting straps to lifting eyes on roof (item 3, fig. 6-4). Discon-
nect wiring for lights on cab extension. Remove all bolts that secure cab extension to main cab
inside. Remove the bolts that hold the two lower supports (item 2, fig. 6-4) to the cab extension.
Lift cab extension from main cab and load on trailer with mast (fig. 6-8).
Silicone sealant is used when joining the cab extension to the cab to prevent
NOTE
leakage at the joint. Clean old sealant from surfaces and apply new sealant when
joining cab sections together.
5. If cab extension was removed for transport, cover cab opening with plywood. Use same screws
that were removed from cab extension.

6. Cross tape all windows with duct tape.

7. Be sure jacks are raised all the way up. Tram machine onto trailer in reverse for greater visibility.
If possible, lower jacks to trailer floor, but do not raise tracks. If jacks cannot be lowered, then
secure jack pads with chain and nut (provided on each pad).
8. If lifting machine onto trailer or ship, use the lifting lugs welded to the jack housings (fig.6-7). If unit
is not equipped with lifting lugs, contact Reedrill for lifting information for your machine.
9. Tape exhaust(s) closed, clip all chains on handrail openings, check to see that all doors are
closed tight and ignition is turned off. If unit is equipped with a battery disconnect switch, turn
switch OFF.
10. Machine should be secured to trailer at four places on each side (fig. 6-5). Secure frame to trailer
at front and rear and secure track to trailer at front and rear.
Fig. 6-5 Machine ready for transport

1. Tiedown points (4 per side) 2. Tie up dust curtains
Fig. 6-6 Machine ready for transport

1. Lower jacks to trailer floor, but do not raise tracks.
SKS Lifting Points
Fig. 6-7 SKS Lifting Lugs

1. Two rear lugs are welded jack housings, two front lugs are welded to jack housings.
Unloading Machine:
WARNING:
This machine is to be operated only by trained personnel, or a
copy of the SKS Operator Manual must be provided to person-
nel involved with loading and unloading of machine. Operator
must read and understand the safety, start-up, shutdown and
operation sections of the manual.
1. Inspect machine for damage before unloading.

2. Remove tape from exhaust(s) and switch battery disconnect switch on (if so equipped).
3. With all tie-downs removed and jacks raised, propel machine off trailer and position on solid level
ground.
4. Install cab extension and walkway (if removed). Installation is reverse of removal as explained
previously.
5. Install mast (refer to mast installation on previous page).
6. Complete checklist on "Commissioning A New Machine" in section 4 of this manual or complete
the "Pre Start" checklist also in section 4 of this manual.

Loading and Unloading of Mast
Fig. 6-8 Mast ready for transport along with cab extension and walkway (SKF mast shown).
Loading Mast:
WARNING:
If using one crane for lifting the mast, the lifting slings should be positioned at
NOTE o
mast crown and two are located at the mast base. Use a crane capable of supporting the weight
of the mast and able to lift the mast high enough to clear the height of the machine (refer to
machine specifications on previous pages). Attach two guide ropes to mast to control swinging of
mast.
2. Secure mast to trailer in several places, use the lifting lugs as tiedown points whenever possible.
Secure cab extension and walkway (if removed) also as shown in fig. 6-8.
Unloading Mast:
1. Refer to "Mast Removal and Installation" as discussed previously.

SKS Transient Stability Limits
WARNING:
The transient stability limits are approximate values
only to be used as a guide. Actual limits will be based
on mast length, size and quantity of drill pipe, optional
equipment and fluid levels
DO NOT tram with mast up.
Use the figures below as a guide for reference. Your particular machine may be somewhat different.
Above all use good judgement and common sense. Avoid tramming crosswise on slopes if possible, avoid
tramming on loose or broken ground. Always be aware of obstacles on ground and overhead. DO NOT
TRAM WITH MAST UP.
Fig. 6-9 Approximate Transient Stability Limits for Model SKS Machines.
Based on 35 ft. (10.7 m) mast length.

Metric Conversions
CONVERT STANDARD INTO METRIC MULTIPLY BY
Lengths
Inches (") Millimeters (mm) 25.4
Feet (') Meters (m) 0.3
Yards (yds) Meters (m) 0.91
Miles (mls) Kilometers (km) 1.61
Area
Square Inches Centimeters Squared 6.5
Square Feet Meters Squared 0.09
Square Yards Meters Squared 0.084
Volume
Cubic Inches Centimeters Cubed 16.4
Cubic Feet Meters Cubed 0.0283
US Gallons Liters 3.8
Imperial Gallons Liters 4.5
Density
Pounds / US Gallon Kilograms / Liter 0.12
Mass
Ounces (oz) Grams 28.3
Pounds (lbs) Kilograms 0.45
Pounds (lbs) Tons (short) 0.0005
Force
Pounds Newtons 4.4
Kilograms Newtons 9.8
Torque
Foot Pounds Kilogram Meters 0.14
Foot Pounds Newton Meters 1.4
Pressure
Pounds / Square Inch KiloPascals 6.9
Pounds / Square Inch Bars (atmospheres) 0.07
Power
Horse Power Kilowatts 0.746
Temperature
Fahrenheit Celsius C = 5/9 (F-32)

Notes

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Operator

Fig. i-0 Electronic Control Module - Caterpillar 3412E Electronic Engine

SKS Operator Introduction i

Your cooperation in furnishing as much information as possible will

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE MACHINE

2. PART NUMBER AND DESCRIPTION

MAILING ADDRESS SHIPPING ADDRESS

FOR PARTS ORDER ENTRY FOR PRODUCT SERVICE & WARRANTY

ii SKS Operator Introduction

1. Rotary Drill Assembly

SKS Operator Introduction iii

Fig. i-1 SKS Top View with mast removed

iv SKS Operator Introduction

Fig. i-2 SKS Upper Mast

Fig. i-3 SKS Rear View and Lower Mast

SECTION 2 OPERATOR CONTROLS

vi SKS Operator Introduction

SECTION 4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION 5 DRILLING PRACTICES

SKS Operator Introduction vii

SECTION 5 DRILLING PRACTICES

SECTION 6 MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS AND TRANSPORT

viii SKS Operator Introduction

SKS Safety 1-1

In this section and those that follow, the word:

POTENTIAL HAZARD EFFECT PREVENTION

Clearances from High Voltage Lines

• Do study this manual and fully understand the controls.

• Follow Shut Down Procedures given in section 4.

SKS Safety 1-3

1-4 SKS Safety

SKS Operator Controls 2-1

Air Line Lubricator

Breakout Wrench (Manual)

Compressor Discharge Temperature

Drill Stem Thread Lube

DRILL (Drill/Propel Switch)

2-2 SKS Operator Controls

Drilling Air Pressure

Engine STOP (also By-Pass)

Engine Coolant Temperature Fuel Level

Engine Oil Pressure

Hydraulically Operated Breakout

Hydraulically Operated Breakout

Jack - LEFT REAR

Hydraulic System Pressure

Ignition - OFF Jack - RIGHT REAR

Jack - UP Mast Lock

2-4 SKS Operator Controls

PROPEL (Drill/Propel Switch)

Tool Wrench - ENGAGE

Pulldown System Pressure - DECREASE Tool Wrench - RETRACT

Voltage (Battery Charging)

Pulldown System Pressure - INCREASE

SKS Operator Controls 2-5

Water Injection Flow Control - DECREASE

Water Injection Flow Control - INCREASE

Winch - LOWERS HOOK

Winch - RAISES HOOK

2-6 SKS Operator Controls

SKS Operator Controls 2-7

Fig. 2-1 Operator Control Panel

2-8 SKS Operator Controls