Document No.

: HC0306-REV00 DHIM C/S

Basic Concept

Hydraulics

Customer Support Team

Preface DHIM C/S

Left blank intentionally

Excavator System DHIM C/S

Oil flow

Supply & Return

Pilot Signal
Return

Discharge
Power Tra
nsmit

Suction Coupling
Excavator System DHIM C/S
Pressure DHIM C/S

F1 = (A1/A2) * F2

P
P
Pressure DHIM C/S

Pressure = Force / Area [kgf/ ㎠ ]

P2
P1 = F/A1, P2 = F/A2
P1 < P2 ∵ A1 > A2 @ Same F

P1
Pressure DHIM C/S
Pressure DHIM C/S

If the rod is in equilibrium condition,

P2 = P1 x (A1/A2)
Pressure DHIM C/S

V = S1 * A1 = S2 * A2

∴ S2 = (A1/A2) * S1
Pressure DHIM C/S
Pressure DHIM C/S
Pressure DHIM C/S
Pressure DHIM C/S

300k * 100cm^2 = 20000kgf + P * 50cm^2 300k * 100cm^2 = 30000kgf + P * 50cm^2

∴ P = 200 k ∴P=0k
Flow DHIM C/S

Q = V/t Where V = liter, t = min, Q = liter/min or lpm

Flow DHIM C/S

The function of main pump

To determine discharging oil amount, Q (strictly speaking, displacement q)
under certain working condition.
Flow DHIM C/S
Flow DHIM C/S

n
Q = (q * n)/1000
Where q = cc/rev,
n = rev/min

▷ Displacement of pump ?
Oil amount in cc discharged
at 1 revolution of pump shaft.
n
▷ Displacement of motor ?
Oil amount in cc necessary
to rotate motor shaft 1 turn.
Flow DHIM C/S

Motor Shaft Speed = (Displacement ratio) x (pump shaft speed)

Ref) Motor shaft torque = Motor Acting pressure * Motor Displacement
Flow DHIM C/S

Cylinder Speed = input flow / chamber area

Ref) Cylinder Force = Chamber area * Chamber Pressure
Flow DHIM C/S
Flow DHIM C/S

If m1 ≪ m2, then V1 ≫ V2 Why ?

Flow DHIM C/S

▶ Out of V1 and V2, which one is faster? Why ?

☞ Can we say the faster one has priority over the other one?
Flow DHIM C/S

Priority Valve Priority Valve

▶ Difference between 2 cases ?

☞ Relative speed between A & B or A1 & B1 ?
Flow DHIM C/S

▶ Out of V1 and V2, which one is faster?

☞ It depends…. Controllability Design

Power DHIM C/S

Power = work / time = (force x Distance) / time

1 PS = 75 kgf .m / sec
Power DHIM C/S

▣ Power – Lifting Capacity – Working Speed

Poor lifting capacity, fast moving

High lifting capacity, slow moving

☞ Same power, but…
Power DHIM C/S

PS = f (T,n) PS = f (F,v) PS = f (T,n)

Power flow

PS = f (T,n)
PS = f (P,Q)
Power
PS = (Te * ne)/716.2
Te : output torque (kgfm)
Ne : engine rpm
PS = (Tm * nm)/716.2
Nm : shaft speed (rpm)
Tm : Output torque (kgfm)
Tm = (P * q )/200π
P : (kgf/cm^2)
q : displacement (cc/rev)
DHIM C/S
PS = (P * Q)/450
P : pressure(kgf/cm^2)
Q : lpm (l/min)
PS = (F * v)/75
V : speed (m/sec)
F : force (kgf)
= Pressure * Area
Power DHIM C/S

▣ Power
Match▶
? Engine Output Power ≥ Pump Input Power

☞ (T * n)/716.2 ≥ (P * Q)/450
1) Pressure = 200kgf/cm^2
2) Pump Input Power = 40PS

3) So, Engine Power ≥ 40 PS

in order not to be overloaded…
By the way, can the pump control the pressure
caused by external load on the cylinder ?
If not, what can the pump control ?

▣ Engine Speed drop ?

Case 1. Engine output power is lower than normal
Case 2. Pump input power is higher than normal
Power DHIM C/S

▣ Power = Torque * Speed = Constant

Case 1. High speed, low torque

Case 2. Low speed, high torque

Which one do you prefer ?

If you want high speed and high torque together, what is needed ?
Power DHIM C/S

▣ Hyd motor input Power = Torque * Speed = Constant

Where
Torque = Max pressure * Displacement
Speed = Input Flow / Displacement

S300LC-V S290LC-V
Engine Power 200PS @1900 rpm 197PS @1900 rpm
Pump max Flow 246 lpm 250 lpm
Torque 10312 kgf.m 8986 kgf.m
Swing Performance
Speed 10.1 rpm 12.1 rpm

☞ Which one is preferable, especially if an operator complains of poor

swing performance on the slope ?

☞ Function of Reduction Gear Box ?

Flow DHIM C/S

▣ Cylinder Digging Power = Cylinder force * Cylinder speed

P : cylinder acting pressure

A : cylinder chamber area
F : cylinder force ( P * A )
V : cylinder speed ( Q / A )

If available digging power is constant, F and V have trade off each

other. I.e if F increases, V decreases and reversely.
For example, if the chamber area is incresed, digging force F will
increase but V decrease..Which way is better for working ?
Excavator System DHIM C/S
Enclosure DHIM C/S
DAEWOO CAT KOMATSU HITACHI VOLVO HYUNDAI
DESCRIPTION UNIT
S470LC-V S450LC-V 345BL PC450-6 EX450-V EC460BLC R4500LC-3A

Operating Weight kg 46,900 46,200 46,700 44,890 45,700 46,300 44,300

General
Engine Horse Power ps/rpm 316/2000 295/2,000 294/2,000 320/2,050 305/ 310/1,900 310/2,000
Specification
Bucket Capacity(CECE) 3 1.9 1.9 1.96 1.82 1.6 1.8 1.8
m
Maker - -> DAEWOO CAT KOMATSU ISUZU VOLVO CUMMINS
Model - DE12TIS DV15T 3176 SA6D125E-2 A-6RB1T D12C EAE2 M11-C
Engine Aspiration - ATA T/C ATA ATW T/C ATA
Dispalcement cc 11,051 14,618 10,308 11,040 13,740 12,130 10,800
Max Torque kg.m/rpm 133/1,400 124/1,400 125/1,400 158/1,400 126/1,300
System Pressure(Front) 2 -> 320/350 350 355 320 320(350) 325(350)
kg/cm
Hydraulic
System Pressure(Travel) kg/cm2 -> 320 350 355 320 330
system
Max Pump Flow l/min 2 x 359 2 x 364 2 x 320 2 x 326 2 x 345 2 x 360
Max Digging Reach mm 12,100 12,175 12,020 13,385 12,000 12,010

Working Max Digging Depth mm 7,900 7,845 7,770 7,760 9,245 7,570 7,790
Range Max Digging Height mm 11,080 11,130 10,920 11,735 11,110 10,890
Min Swing Radius mm 5,170 5,235 4,770 4,825 5,090 4,660
Travel Speed km/hr 5.0/3.1 5.1/3.2 4.4 5.5/4.5/3.2 5.5 4.8/2.9 5.1
Gradeability DEG 35 35 35 35 35 35 40
Ground Pressure 2 0.81 0.79 0.64 0.79 0.82 0.61
kg/cm
Performance Swing Speed rpm 10.3 10.7 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.5 10.0
BKT Digging Force(SAE) ton -> 25.2/27.2 23.7 22.9 23.4 22.7/24.9 20.8/22.4
Arm Digging Force ton -> 20.2/22.1 19.6 19.6 19.3 19.4/21.3 17.8/19.2
Drawbar Pull ton -> 36.9 32.85 34.0 33.1
Enclosure DHIM C/S
DAEWOO CAT KOMATSU HITACHI VOLVO HYUNDAI
DESCRIPTION UNIT
S470LC-V S450LC-V 345BL PC450-6 EX450-V EC460BLC R4500LC-3A

Overall Length mm 12,110 12,080 11,760 11,835 11,010 12,070 11,700

Overall Height mm 3,705 3,670 3,620 3,635 3,450 3,790 3,540

Overall Width:Extended 3,900 3,640 3,490
mm -> 3,397 3,340 3,490
Dimension (Retracted) (3,340) (3,140) (2,990)
Rear Swing Radius mm 3,665 3,580 3,610 3,500 3,470 3,730 3,400

Ground Clearance mm -> 760 510 555 496 746 555

C/W Clearance mm 1,460 1,450 1,320 1,385 1,335

Tumbler Distance mm -> 4,470 4,360 4,350 4,370 4,470

Track Length mm -> 5,465 5,360 5,356 5,050 5,370 5,465

Track Gauge:Extended 3,300 2,890 2,870 2,890
mm -> 2,740 2,740
(Retracted) (2,740) (2,390) (2,372) (2,390)
Track
STD. Shoe Width mm -> 600 750 700 600 600 750

No. of Upper Roller mm -> 3 2 2 3

No. of Lower Roller mm -> 9 9 8 9

No. of Shoe mm -> 53 49 52

Boom Length mm -> 7,100 6,900 7,500 7,000 7,060

Front
Arm Length mm -> 3,350 3,350 3,400 3,350 3,380

Tank Fuel Tank Lit 620 670 600 605 685

Capacity Oil Tank(Level) Lit 265 340 210 270 270
Operator(95/27/EC) dBA 72 75 73
Noise
Machine(95/27/EC) dBA 108 109 109
DHIM C/S