ENGLISH GRAMMAR

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English grammar encompasses a wide range of rules and guidelines that govern the
structure and formation of sentences. Here are some key sentence-related rules in English
grammar :

1. Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject of a sentence (a noun or pronoun) must agree

in number (singular or plural) with the verb. For example, "She reads books" (singular
subject) and "They read books" (plural subject).
1. Complete Sentences: A complete sentence must have a subject and a predicate
(verb), and it should express a complete thought. For example, "She reads books" is a
complete sentence.
1. Capitalization: Sentences begin with a capital letter (uppercase) and end with
appropriate punctuation (period, question mark, or exclamation point).
1. Punctuation: Proper punctuation is essential for clarity. Use periods for statements,
question marks for questions, and exclamation points for strong emotions or
exclamatory sentences.
1. Word Order: In English, the typical word order is subject-verb-object (SVO) in
declarative sentences. For example, "She eats apples."
1. Tense Consistency: Maintain consistency in verb tense within a sentence. For example,
avoid mixing past and present tense in the same sentence unless it's appropriate for
the context.
1. Active and Passive Voice: Choose between active voice (subject performs the action)
and passive voice (subject receives the action) based on the emphasis and clarity
needed in a sentence.
1. Parallelism: When listing items in a sentence, ensure that they are in parallel form. For
example, "She likes swimming, hiking, and reading" (parallel) vs. "She likes swimming,
to hike, and reads" (not parallel).
1. Modifiers: Place modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) near the words they modify to
avoid confusion. For example, "He almost caught the bus" (correct) vs. "Almost he
caught the bus" (awkward).
1. Subject-Predicate Agreement: The predicate (verb and its modifiers) should agree
with the subject in terms of number and person. For example, "He walks" (singular
subject) vs. "They walk" (plural subject).
1. Sentence Fragments: Avoid sentence fragments, which are incomplete sentences that
lack a subject, verb, or complete thought. For example, "Because she was tired"
(fragment) vs. "Because she was tired, she went to bed" (complete sentence).
1. Run-On Sentences: Avoid run-on sentences, which join two or more independent
clauses without proper punctuation or coordination. Use commas, semicolons, or
conjunctions to correct run-ons.
1. Subordination: Use subordinating words (e.g., although, because, since) to create
complex sentences that show relationships between ideas.
1. Conjunctions: Use conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so) to connect words, phrases, or
clauses to create compound sentences.
1. Interrogative Sentences: Form questions by inverting the subject and verb or by using
question words (who, what, when, where, why, how).
1. Imperative Sentences: Give commands or make requests in imperative sentences. The
subject (you) is usually implied and not stated explicitly. For example, "Please pass the
salt."
1. Exclamatory Sentences: Use exclamation points to convey strong emotions or
exclamatory statements. For example, "What a beautiful day!"

English 8 fundamental rules and guidelines for constructing grammatically correct and clear
These are
sentences in English. Adhering to these rules helps ensure effective communication in both
spoken and written language.
 1. Word Order: English typically follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order in
declarative sentences. This means that the subject (the doer of the action) generally
comes before the verb (the action or state) and the object (the receiver of the action).
For example, "She (subject) reads (verb) books (object)."
1. Modifiers: Modifiers, such as adjectives and adverbs, are used to provide additional
information about nouns (adjectives) or verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
(adverbs). Modifiers are typically placed before the words they modify. For example,
"The red car (adjective) drives very fast (adverb)."
1. Agreement: There should be agreement between subject and verb in terms of
number (singular or plural) and person (first person, second person, third person). For
example, "He (singular subject) is (singular verb) here" and "They (plural subject) are
(plural verb) here."
1. Parallelism: When listing items or expressing a series, maintain parallel structure. This
means that items in a list should be in the same grammatical form. For example, "She
enjoys swimming, hiking, and reading" (parallel) vs. "She enjoys swimming, to hike,
and reads" (not parallel).
1. Subordination: Create complex sentences by using subordinating words (e.g.,
although, because, since) to show relationships between ideas. Subordinating clauses
provide additional information but cannot stand alone as complete sentences.
1. Conjunctions: Use conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so) to connect words, phrases, or
clauses and create compound sentences. Conjunctions help link related ideas.
1. Question Formation: In interrogative sentences (questions), English syntax often
involves inverting the subject and verb or using question words (who, what, when,
where, why, how) at the beginning of the sentence.
1. Negation: Form negative sentences by adding "not" after the auxiliary verb (e.g., "I do
not like it") or using contractions (e.g., "I haven't seen him").
1. Clausal Structure: Sentences can include independent clauses (complete thoughts)
and dependent clauses (incomplete thoughts). Dependent clauses may begin with
subordinating words and rely on the main clause for context.
1. Voice: English syntax includes active voice (subject performs the action) and passive
voice (subject receives the action). Passive voice sentences often begin with the
object or the word "by."
1. Sentence Types: English sentences can be declarative (statements), imperative
(commands or requests), interrogative (questions), or exclamatory (expressing strong
emotions).
Understanding English grammar syntax is crucial for constructing clear and grammatically
correct sentences in both spoken and written communication. Adherence to these syntactic
rules ensures effective communication in the English language.
English grammar syntax refers to the set of rules and principles that govern the structure of sentences in the
English language. It encompasses how words are arranged to form meaningful and grammatically correct
sentences. Here are some key aspects of English grammar syntax:

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