TOPIC

ACIDIC STRENGTH
Absorption of CO2 by 50% KOH is a:

.c o m
OF m y
d e
c a
ta
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
A Physical change
c a
m d
B Chemical change
w. w
C
w
Both physical and chemical

D None of these 1

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acids Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

▪ Acid → H+ donor

▪ Strong acid → Quickly loose H+ ion o m

▪ Reason: y .c
e m
→ Stable conjugate base a d
c
→ weak conjugate base cata
m d
.
ww H+ ion easily.
▪ Weak acid → doesn’twlose
▪ Reason:
→ Unstable conjugate base
2
→ Strong conjugate base
www.mdcatacademy.com
 Carboxylic acid more acidic than Phenol Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

▪ Carboxylate ion loose hydrogen to form the

carboxylate ion while phenol loose hydrogen to form
phenoxide ion.
o m
▪ Any anion which has negative charge on the more y.c
m
de
electronegative element in their resonatingastructure
a c
c at
is more stable anion and is a weak conjugate base.
m d
▪ So we can say that carboxylicw . which has negative
acid
ww
charge on oxygen (more electronegative element) is
more acidic than phenoxide which has negative
charge on carbon in their resonating structure. 3

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

No of carbon atoms is inversely related with the acidic strength

More number of More electron

carbon atoms
More methyl
groups donating groups o m
y .c
e m
a d
c
ta Difficult for
More satisfied
Less disturbed a
c hydrogen ion to
electron
deficiency of
hydrogen-
m d
oxygen
oxygen bond
w . remove

w w

Lesser will be
acidic 4

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

Straight chain carboxylic acids are more acidic than branched chain.

Straight chain Branched chain

o m
More distance to cover to
reach oxygen atom
Less distance to cover to
reach oxygen atom y.c
e m
a d
Electron deficiency of oxygen
t a c
Electron deficiency of oxygen
will be less satisfied
a
will be more satisfied
c
d
m bond less
Hydrogen-Oxygen bond .
w disturbed
Hydrogen-oxygen
disturbed
w w
Difficult to remove hydrogen
Easy to remove hydrogen ion
ion
5

More acidic Less acidic

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam
Effect of substituent
(Electron withdrawing group > carboxylic acid without any group >
Electron donating group)
Electron withdrawing Electron donating
group m
group
o
.c
y electron to
Withdraw electron from
m
Donate
e oxygen
oxygen
a d
ta c
c a
Oxygen deficiency of Oxygen deficiency of

m d
electron is less satisfied electrons is more satisfied
.
w hydrogen-
w
Disturbs
w oxygen bond
Less disturbed hydrogen-
oxygen bond

Easy to remove hydrogen Difficult to remove

ion hydrogen ion
6

More acidic Less acidic

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

Nature of substituent
(Fluorine > chlorine > bromine > Iodine)
More electronegative Less electronegative
substituent substituent
o m
y.c
Withdraw electron from
oxygen with high strength
Withdraw electron from
oxygen with less strength e m
a d
ta c
Oxygen deficiency of
a
Oxygen deficiency of
c
electron is less satisfied
d
electrons is more satisfied
m
w .
Disturbs hydrogen-oxygen
bond w w
Less disturbed hydrogen-
oxygen bond

Easy to remove hydrogen Difficult to remove

ion hydrogen ion
7

More acidic Less acidic

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam

No of substituent atoms (Cl3 > Cl2 > Cl)

More number of Less number of
electronegative substituent electronegative substituent

o m
Withdraw electron from
oxygen with high strength
Withdraw electron from
oxygen with less strength y.c
e m
a d
Oxygen deficiency of
electron is less satisfied
Oxygen deficiency of
ta c
electrons is more satisfied
c a
m d
Disturbs hydrogen-oxygen
w . hydrogen-
Less disturbed
bond
w w oxygen bond

Easy to remove hydrogen Difficult to remove

ion hydrogen ion
8

More acidic Less acidic

www.mdcatacademy.com
 Acidic Strength Prepared By:
Saeeda Maryam
Distance of halogen atoms
(Less distance more acidic than high distance)
Less distance of More distance of
halogen atoms halogen atom
o m
Withdraw electron from Withdraw electron from
y.c
oxygen with high strength oxygen with less strength
e m
a d
Oxygen deficiency of
ta c
Oxygen deficiency of
electron is less satisfied
c a
electrons is more satisfied

m d
Disturbs hydrogen-oxygen w .
Less disturbed hydrogen-
bond
ww oxygen bond
Easy to remove hydrogen Difficult to remove
ion hydrogen ion
9

More acidic Less acidic

www.mdcatacademy.com
 •Composed
.c o m By:
y
demSAEEDA MARYAM
c a
a ta
c
. m d •Remember me in
w w your prayers
w

10

www.mdcatacademy.com