2.

1 Definition of key terms /concepts

Our study has 3 key terms, which are vocabulary, flashcards, and memorization.
We chose these three key terms because they are the key to the field that we
research and study on the topic of "the positive effects of using flashcards in
learning the vocabulary of English-majored freshmen at Faculty of Foreign
Language in Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City." On top of that, each of
these key terms plays an important role in our research when mining data about
them.
2.1.1 Vocabulary
Vocabulary plays an important foundation in learning a language. Some people
always cultivate and improve their vocabulary, and others do not. They were
alarmed by the massive amounts of vocabulary, and they looked to simply learn
the vocabulary they thought was necessary for the process of learning a language.
Experts have researched this area and put forward a lot of different concepts
below:
Firstly, according to education.vic.gov.au , Vocabulary refers to the understanding
of words, including their structure (morphology), use (grammar), meanings
(semantics), and connections to other words (word/semantic interactions.
Secondly, according to oxfordlearnersdictionaries . Vocabulary is all the words
that individual knows or apply .
Thirdly, according to readingrockets
Vocabulary is known terms and their word definition .Then , according to Learning
Teaching vocabulary normally refers to single words and sporadically to highly
closely connected pairs of two or three words (Learning Teaching).
Finally , according to readingrockets.org . In order for kids to communicate
effectively, they need to have a strong vocabulary. It is known as either oral
vocabulary or reading vocabulary in academic parlance.
To summarize, There are the classification of experts . However , The vocabulary
understood in many different ways and it is contributed to related literatures
teachung particularly on how knowledge of vocabulary
2.1.2 Flashcards
Vocabulary is very important in language learning, so understanding and
remembering it is very difficult for learners. And here, we want you to know about
a great tool for remembering vocabulary, which is flashcards. Flashcards are a
useful tool and suitable for all learners and here are some concepts from
researchers and experts.

Firstly, according to twinkl.com.vn, Flashcards are a study or memorisation tool,

with information on one or both sides.
Secondly, according to ‘Learning Teaching’ book, Flashcards is defined as English
learning teaching jargon for picture (or diagrams, words, etc) that you can show to
students, typically something you can hold up when standing in front of the whole
class.
Finnally, according to teachmint.com Flashcards are small note cards used to test
and improve memory by performing practical knowledge recovery. Besides that,
FlashCards are usually double-sided, with clues on one side and clue information
on the other side. Flashcards can include phrases, vocabulary, theories, or
techniques. Flashcards have many benefits, they can be used in a class, they are
used to identify, practice, or modify a vocabulary or grammatical structure. Use it
as a tester of knowledge, supplement, or outline for a related class.
Following the research on the positive effects of using flashcards in learning
vocabulary of E-majored freshmen at IUH, Flashcards is defined as English
learning teaching jargon for picture (or diagrams, words, etc) that you can show to
students, typically something you can hold up when standing in front of the whole
class, that’s the clearest definition.
2.1.3 Memorization
With support from the flashcards tool, memorization is an important activity in
vocabulary learning. Memorization helps you to improve your vocabulary better,
collect many new words, and gain new knowledge in learning the language. There
is some definition of assists in the memorization area.
First, according to the Merriam-webster dictionary, memorization is defined as the
act or process people memorize something, transfer information of something into
long-term memory. Compare with Cambridge dictionary’s definition of
memorization is the act or process of people learning something in order that they
will remember it exactly. Based on those above description, it can be taken general
view that memorization is an act or process of bearing a sort of information into
memory.
Secondly, Black Harvard, a psychology teacher, also supposed that memorization
is considered as a fundamental skill which helps build students’ understanding of
something, before their creations and innovations. The act of remember
background knowledge is essential as a foundation for students to develop and
discover further information.
Thirdly, according to irisreading.com, memorization is a learning technique where
one repeats facts and figures over and over again.
And finally, as defined bokcenter.harvard.edumemory is the ongoing process of
information retention over time.
To summarize, memorization can be considered the process of remembering
something that is done to store in memory so that we can later recall information,
words, images, hearing or tactics when learning english.