Chapter 1.

Mathematics in Our
World
Lesson 1.3 Fibonacci Numbers

Lesson 1.4 Golden Ratio

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able
to:
➢ Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the
world;
➢ Articulate the importance of mathematics in
one’s life;
➢ Argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is,
how it is expressed, represented and used; and
➢ Express appreciation of mathematics as a human
endeavor
Lesson 1.3 Fibonacci Numbers

Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa (Leonardo Pisano Bigollo) (c. 1170 – 1250)
What is Fibonacci Sequence?
➢ Fibonacci Sequence - is formed by adding the
preceding two numbers beginning with 0 and 1.
Perhaps this is the most popular and unifying
numeric pattern known to man.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,- - - -- - - - - - - - -

Fibonacci the Man

➢Real Name: Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1170 – 1250)
✓ a great European mathematician of the Middle
Ages.
✓The Fibonacci numbers started when
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, working under the
pseudo name Fibonacci, proposed a problem:
“If a pair of rabbits is placed in an enclosed
area, how many rabbits will be born there if
we assume that every month a pair of rabbits
produces another pair, and that rabbits begin
to bear young two months after their birth?,”
in his book Liber Abaci.
(Rabbit breeding)
➢Fibonacci – is the shortened
word for the Latin term “filius
Bonacci,” which stands for
“son of Bonaccio.”
➢Fibonacci Day: November 23
Lesson 1.4 Golden Ratio

What is Golden Ratio?

✓The golden ratio, also known as the divine
proportion, golden mean, or golden section,
is a number often encountered when taking
the ratios of distances in simple geometric
figures such as the pentagon, pentagram,
decagon, and dodecahedron.
✓It is denoted 𝜑/𝜙/Φ.
 𝐹𝑛
✓ The following table gives values of the ratio as n 𝑛 ≥ 3 approaches ∞.
𝐹𝑛−1

𝑭𝒏 𝑭𝒏
𝒏 𝒏
𝑭𝒏−𝟏 𝑭𝒏−𝟏
𝟑 2 10 55
=2 = 1.617647059
1 34
3 89
𝟒 = 1.5 11 = 1.618181818
2 55
𝟓 5 12 144
= 1.66666667 = 1.617977528
3 89
𝟔 8 13 233
= 1.6 = 1.61805556
5 144
𝟕 13 14 377
= 1.625 = 1.618025751
8 233
𝟖 21 15 610
= 1.615384615 = 1.618037135
13 377
𝟗 34 16 987
= 1.619047619 = 1.618032787
21 610
✓ The ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers as
n becomes large, approaches the golden ratio;
𝐹𝑛
that is, lim = 1.6180339887 …
𝑛→∞ 𝐹𝑛−1
✓This can be verified by measuring some parts of
the human body: the length of the arm, height,
the distance of the fingertips to the elbow. The
ratio between the forearm and the hand also
yields a value close to the golden ratio.
(Ratio of hand to forearm)
The following golden ratio proportions found in
the human face:
• Center of pupil : bottom of teeth : bottom of
chin
• Outer and inner edge of eye : center of nose
• Outer edges of lips : upper ridges of lips
• Width of center tooth : width of second tooth
• Width of eye : width of iris
(Most handsome men according to the phi score)
2023 Most Beautiful Woman in the World

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2023 Most Handsome Man in the World

Regé-Jean Page, who played Simon

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A facial cosmetic surgeon named Dr.
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the Golden Ratio.
 1+ 5
✓𝜑 = = 1.6180339887 …
2
✓ The golden ratio 𝜑 = 1.6180339887 … is
a strange number. It is the only number
that if you subtract 1 from it, 𝜑 − 1 =
0.6180339887 … , you end up with its
1
own reciprocal = 0.6180339887 …
𝜑
Golden Rectangle
✓ A rectangle can be
drawn of such a shape
that if it is cut into
square and a rectangle,
the smaller rectangle
will be similar in shape
to the larger rectangle
Golden Rectangle
✓This is the golden rectangle whose sides are
in the “golden ratio” of 1 + 𝑥: 1, where 𝑥 is a
non-ending decimal whose value can be
calculated in a number of ways, including the
construction of a simple continued fraction.
Since the two rectangles are similar, their
sides are in the same ratio as follows:
𝑥+1 1 1
= or =𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑥+1
Golden Rectangle
Or simply 𝑥 can be replaced on the right-hand side by
1
𝑥= (1)
1+𝑥
or
1
𝑥= 1 (2)
1+
1+𝑥

If we continue replacing 𝑥 by (1), we will get,

1
𝑥= 1 (3)
1+ 1
1+1+𝑥
Golden Rectangle

(Golden Rectangle)
Golden Rectangle

Great Sphinx
References

1. Sobecki, D. Math in Our World, 4th Edition

2. Earnhart, R. et al., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern World
(Outcome Based Module)
3. Baltazar, E.C. et al., (2018) Mathematics in the Modern World
4. Nocon and Nocon (2018) Essential Mathematics for the Modern World
Online Resources:
▪ https://www.livescience.com/38936-mathematics.html
▪ https://www.fi.edu/math-patterns-nature
▪ https://www.google.com/search?q=divine+proportion+in+human+face
&hl=en-
US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwt9LA1dHrAhWCxosB
He6-
BTMQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1366&bih=576#imgrc=DRYwcKSOyuNSCM
References
▪ https://www.google.com/search?q=golden+rectangle&tbm=isch&
ved=2ahUKEwi8tMzE1dHrAhXYzosBHZ0uAoAQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=golden+rectangle&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIFCAAQsQ
MyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgAEE
M6BwgAELEDEENQre8PWMObEGDxoRBoAHAAeASAAZIBiAG5EpIBBDI
uMTmYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAMABAQ&sclient=img&ei
=11VTX_zsDNidr7wPnd2IgAg&bih=576&biw=1366&hl=en-
US#imgrc=K60nHbZRBJa_dM
▪ https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrxgK
CZmFFfYSkAvhKzRwx.;_ylu=Y29sbwNzZzMEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2V
jA3Nj?p=math+pattern+in+nature&fr=yfp-
t#id=82&iurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roberterasmussen.com%2Fwp-
content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F07%2Ffern-fractal-
maxresdefault.jpg&action=click
References
▪ https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GoldenRatio.html
▪ https://www.google.com/search?q=divine+proportion+in+human+
face&hl=en-
US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwt9LA1dHrAhWC
xosBHe6-BTMQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1366&bih=576
▪ https://www.google.com/search?q=breeding+of+rabbits+by+fibon
acci&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiHk5WcztHrAhULAKYKHe06Db4Q2-
cCegQIABAA#imgrc=W8w5ThueSH4wYM
▪ application of golden rectangle in architechtures - Bing images
▪ Regé-Jean Page Declared the Most Handsome Man in the World -
Parade: Entertainment, Recipes, Health, Life, Holidays
▪ 58 Most Beautiful Women In The World (Updated 2023)
(stylecraze.com)