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ST. PETER’S COLLEGE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL, INC.
th
15 de Septiembre St., Brgy. 2, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
Module No. 3 (Week 5 and 6)
The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling
LESSON 1: The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling
WHAT IS IN
In the previous chapter, you have developed a comprehensive
definition of counselling as an applied science. You understood the
principles of counseling and the contexts involved in it. We had
clarified how the different factors contribute to the successful
counseling, discussed the core values of counseling and the
principles and determined the life situations that are within the
goals and scope of professional counseling.
WHAT IS NEW
As previously discussed in the previous chapters, counseling
is a process and relationship between the client(s) and counselor. In
this chapter, you will learn about the professionals and the
practitioners in the discipline of counseling.
WHAT IS IT
Defining the Roles, Functions and Competencies of Counselors
Roles of Guidance Counselors
Educator Advocate
Direct Care Supervisor
Program Prevention
Director Specialist
In the Western world, counseling in schools began in the early
twentieth century, focused mainly on preparing students for the
workforce. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, guidance counselors
became more prevalent. In the beginning, many teachers doubled as
guidance counselors; however, this is no longer the case. In the
1960s, counseling in public schools was afforded more funding,
allowing the vocation to flourish. The profession expanded beyond
the focus on academic and career achievement.

Given that the youth are the future of every nation, the role of
providing guidance at critical moments of growth is a serious nation-
building undertaking. Counseling is a process and a relationship
between the client(s) and counselor.
• The role of the guidance counselor is to assist the person or
persons (clients) in realizing change in behavior or attitude, to
assist them to seek achievement of goals, assist them to find
help.
• In some cases, the role of counselors includes teaching social
skills, effective communication, spiritual guidance, decision-
making and career choices.
• A counselor’s role may sometimes include aiding one in coping
with a crisis such as premarital and marital problems, grief
and loss (divorce, death or amputation), domestic violence and
other types of abuse. Special counseling may include
assistance in situations like terminal illness (death and dying
and counseling of emotionally and mentally disturbed
individuals.
• Counseling can be short-term or long-term.
Functions of Guidance Counselors
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• According to Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (Section 2 to 3)
a guidance counselor is a natural person who has been
professionally registered and licensed by a legitimate state
entity and by virtue of specialized training to perform the
functions of guidance and counseling.
• He or she must be a qualified and licensed guidance counselor
at master's level. It is a profession, not a field. This is the only
profession whose primary purpose is counseling; wellness and
strength-based approach to treatment; wellness model rather
than medical model.
The functions of a guidance counselor include:
1. helping a client develop potentials to the fullest;
2. helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest;
3. helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or
her abilities, interests, and needs;
4. sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as
counseling theories, tools and techniques; and
5. administering a wide range of human development services.
Competencies of Counselors
• Seven (7) distinct competence areas of counselors.
(McLeod, 2003)
1. Interpersonal Skills – counselors who are competent display
ability to listen, communicate ; empathize ; be present ; aware of
nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality , responsive to
expressions of emotion, turn taking, structure of time and use of
language .
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2. Personal beliefs and Attitude- counselors have the capacity to Things to Remember:
accept others, belief in potential of change, awareness of ethical and
The following are the key skills of a counselor:
moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and self.
1. Attending and listening skills – This refers to active listening
3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand
which means listening with a purpose and responding with
and assess client’s problem; to anticipate future problems; make
awareness that the client feels he or she has been both heard and
sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to
understood.
remember information about the client.
2. Reflective skills – The key skills are restating, paraphrasing and
4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs
summarizing, capturing what the client is saying and “playing” it
that are destructive to counseling relationships, self-confidence,
back to them.
capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation to
the clients, secure personal boundaries, ability to be a client; must 3. Probing skills – These skills facilitate going deeper, asking more
carry no social prejudice, ethnocentrism and authoritarianism. directed or leading questions that they move the conversation in a
particular direction.
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of
when and how to carry out specific interventions, ability to assess 4. Communication skills – These include the ability to actively listen,
effectiveness of the interventions, understanding the rationale demonstrate understanding, ask appropriate questions and provide
behind techniques, possession of wide repertoire of intervention information as needed.
6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would 5. Motivational skills – This is to influence the client to take action
be compromise of awareness of family and work relationships of after a helping session or consultation.
client the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use
6. Problem-solving skills – These include differentiating between the
support networks and supervision; sensitivity to client from different
symptoms and the problem itself.
gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or age group.
7. Conflict resolution skills – These involve helping the client focus
7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the
on facts rather than personalities.
capacity to be curious about client’s backgrounds and problems;
being open to new knowledge

LESSON: 2 CLIENTELE & AUDIENCES IN COUNSELING
WHAT IS IT
Attributes of Clientele and Audiences of Counseling
• Neurotic - is a long-term tendency to be in a negative
emotional state. Individuals with neuroticism tend to have
more depressed moods- they experience the ill effects of
sentiments of blame, jealousy, outrage and uneasiness more
much of the time and more seriously than others. Neuroticism
is the state of being neurotic.
• Psychotic-Psychotic Disorders are serious mental issue that
cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. Individuals with
psychoses puts some distance between the real world. Two of
the fundamental manifestations are delusions and
hallucinations.
• Personality Disorder- it includes long haul examples of
considerations and practices that are unhealthy and inflexible.
The practices cause significant issues with connections and
work. Individuals with character issue have trouble managing
with everyday stress.
The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come from
different settings. Counselors deal with a mixture of people with
different concerns and issues.
- People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just harmful to our physical
health but to our mental health as well. It cannot be denied that the drug
addiction creates more social problems and contribute to social disintegration.
Consequently, more youth victims cry for help and seek for counselors’
attention.
- People who use Tobacco – slowly our population recognizes the bad effects
of tobacco to our health. However, many people still use and continue use
tobacco even if it is deadly. Users find it difficult to stop smoking. Hence,
smokers who desire to quit tobacco were added to the list of the counselor’s
audiences.
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- People who abuse alcohol – alcoholism is seen as a disease alcoholic find it
difficult to stop drinking on their own. This requires help from a professional as
it requires appropriate treatment. However, an equally important paradigm is
to look at alcoholism as a weakness of self – control and self –discipline.
therefore, this requires intervention other than treatment.
- Women – most men still have less participation in household responsibilities
and childcare. In this case, women’s advancement is constrained. What
complicates this situation is the women’s perception about themselves and the
society’s expectations. Counselors are responsible in helping women
appreciate their own values, abilities, aptitudes, and interests and to utilize
these to develop their full potential. (Gibson and Mitchel ,2003)
- Older Adults – a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must be
instituted. This is a challenge to the counseling profession. other issues that
require attention of counseling include loss of a partner, decline of mental
capacity and mobility, increased loneliness, decline in financial security etc.
- People with AIDS –acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been
labeled as the most feared disease due to its incurability. Victims of this
disease are seeking help to improve their quality of life and to handle their
emotional stress and low self-esteem. Counseling’s approach requires
sensitivity and appreciation of the intricacies of the disease. Counselors may
also help in assisting and educating the victims’ support system.
- Victims of Abuse – this population represents victims of domestic violence
characterized by spouse and child abuses. Spouse abuse is often associated
with poverty, drug abuse and career disappointments. The abuse has also
become rampant and has caused psychological damage to the victims. The
counselors are increasingly utilized to help the victims.
- Gay Men and Lesbian Women- they are usually the victims of harassment,
violence, discrimination, and isolation. Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of
the society, suffer from peer denial, family clash, health uncertainties and
prejudgment. Counseling will focus on self-awareness, self- acceptance and
understanding.
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DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES b. Discipline d. Client

(ANSWER SHEET) 7. This started in the Western World in the early twentieth century,
Module No. 3 focused mainly on preparing students for the workforce.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
NAME: _______________________________DATE: ____________________ 8. Teachers have previously served as this person.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: _______________________________________ b. Discipline d. Client
NAME OF TEACHER: ERNA S. PALARCA 9. People with mental and emotional problems need the help also of this
professional.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
ASSESSEMENT 10. This practitioner administers a wide range of services human
development services.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
LESSON 1: The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling b. Discipline d. Client
11. This is one of the foundational skills of a counsellor in which he or she
ACTIVITY 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
employs active listening.
Choose the best answer to the following questions. Encircle the letter of your a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
answer. b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
1. This is a process and a relationship between the client and the 12. This counsellor skills means helping the client focus on facts and not
counsellor. personalities in conflict.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Conflict resolution d. Problem-solving skills
2. He or she is someone who should be registered and licensed by a 13. This means a counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between
legitimate state and has specialized training to be one. symptoms and the problem itself.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
3. Realizing change in behavior and attitude to assist the client is one of 14. This is a key skill for a counsellor which is concerned with being able
the roles of this professional and/or practitioner. to “capture” what the client is saying and play it back to them.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Reflective Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
4. His or her function as a professional includes the use of approaches to 15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the problem,
help client develop potentials to the fullest. asking more leading questions.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Probing skills
5. He or she perform several roles and can have many functions.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
6. This process and/or relationship can either be short-term or long-term.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
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ACTIVITY 2 LESSON: 2 CLIENTELE & AUDIENCES IN COUNSELING

Go online and research some of the country’s most famous WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
professionals and practitioners in the discipline of counseling. Give
at least five names and the details regarding their person and ACTIVITY 1.
profession. Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.
1. Write the answers in your notebook. (2 points each)

Column A. Column B.

____1. Rehabilitation A. Employees who need to determine

2. Counselor business related issues or concerns
B. Individuals who need assistance in
____2. Bereavement counselor
conquering their issues or alleviate
the negative impacts of medication
____3. School counselor
misuse
____4. Human resource C. Individuals who need assistance in
3. personnel coping with loss
D. Students who need to determine
____5. Job hunting coach individual conflicts or upsetting
circumstances
____6. Marriage counselor
E. Individuals who need assistance in
____7. Conflict manager discovering essential data to get
4.
provider work appropriate for them
F. Individuals who need assistance in
managing conflict to deescalate it, if
not resolve it decidedly
G. Individuals (for example couples and
5. youngsters) who need assistance in
managing family-related issues that
compromise their solidarity