What have we done so far!?....

Road to 09 October…Monday 08:00-10:30…

______________________________________________________________________

1. RESEARCH APPROACH:

 QUALITATIVE: non-numerical for the assimilation of social reality.

(CONSTRUCTIVIST DYNAMIC).
 QUANTITATIVE: Scientific & Mathematical. (POSITIVIST
DYNAMIC).
 MIXED METHOD: Combination of both Qualitative & Quantitative.
(PRAGMATIST DYNAMIC).

______________________________________________________________________

2. RESEARCH DESIGN:

 Plan of collecting data and answering the research question.

 5 Research Designs:

C  Case Study  Specific subject, place E.g. Interviews.

C  Cross-Sectional  Diverse group E.g. Diff age groups.

E  Experimental  Cause-and-Effect E.g. Photosynthesis.

Q  Quasi-Experimental  Partially-Experimental E.g. Friendships

L  Longitudinal  Same Individuals/groups for extended period, looking

at changes over-time E.g. Every six months.
______________________________________________________________________

3. RESEARCH STRATEGIES:

 C  Comparative research  Compare 1/2 groups E.g. Compare

Math teaching methods in 2 schools.

 E  Evaluation  Evidence-Based feedback for decision making.

E.g. Effectiveness of policy of Masks.

 G  Grounded Theory  Generation of theory E.g. Virtual Public

Sphere by Hubermas.

 E  Ethnography  Detailed account on a specific culture or

community. E.g. Izikhothane.

______________________________________________________________________

4. SAMPLING:

 Probability Sampling  Random selection… Population has equal

chance at selection.

 Simple Random Sample: Chosen without conscious decision

 Stratified random sample: Split into subgroups then randomly
selected.
 Systematic sampling: Regular intervals
 Cluster Sampling: Split into districts or schools.

 Non-Probability sampling  Personal Judgment… Population

sample is unknown.

 Purposive sample: Intentional

 Theoretical Sample: Grounded Theory
  Convenience: Easy to access…
 Quota: A target sample size…
 Snowball: Recommended…

______________________________________________________________________

5. QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

 Interviews:

Types = Structured (Quantitative), Unstructured (Open)

Semi-structured (Flexible).

 Observations:

Types = Covert (Secret) & Overt (Transparent/Openly).

 Focus Groups:

Interview 6-12 people based on how they make sense of

something.

____________________________________________________

6. QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

Questionnaires  Self-administered & Researcher Adminis...

Rating Scale  Open Questions and Filtered Questions.

____________________________________________________

7. SOCIAL MEDIA DATA COLLECTION:

 • YouTube: Interviews, focus groups, surveys, content analyses

• Twitter: NodeXL, Mozdeh, 4CAT by virtue of web scrapping

• Instagram:

Automated Instagram Data collection CrowdTangle tool,

Instagram’s API (Application Programing Interface), or unofficial third-party
APIs.

 Manual Collection of Data EndNote, Zotero.

 Engaging with Instagram Users “trace interviewing” “social

media scroll back”

• TikTok Screengrabbing, Walktrough method.

______________________________________________________________________

8. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS METHODS.

C Content Analysis = Exam…how messages are conveyed or

constructed.

H Thematic Analysis = Identify Patterns or themes (subject)

I Visual Analysis = Interpretation of art, images etc.

R Narrative Analysis = Examine the meaning of stories.

C Discourse Analysis = Interpretation of language use.

O Grounded Theory = Coming up with a new theory.

CODING  Involves the processes of categorizing and organizing data
into meaningful groups or themes.

Open Coding = Data is broken down into categories or themes.

Theoretical = Categories or themes are that come up merge with theory.

Axial = Grouping of data into categories.