This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A380/A380M − 17

Standard Practice for

Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel
Parts, Equipment, and Systems1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A380/A380M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
revision.
ion. A number in parentheses
parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Sco
Scope*
pe* 1.1.1.2
1.1.1. 2 Pas
Passiv
sivatio
ation
n is remremova
ovall of exoexogen
genous
ous iro
ironn or iro
iron
n
1.1 This practice covers recommendations
recommendations and precau
precautions
tions compounds from the surface of a stainless steel by means of a
for cleaning, descaling, and passivating of new stainless steel chemica
che micall dis
dissol
soluti
ution,
on, mos
mostt typ
typica
ically
lly by a trea
treatme
tment nt wit
withh an
parts,
par ts, asse
assembl
mblies
ies,, equ
equipm
ipment
ent,, and ins
install
talled
ed sys
systems
tems.. The
These
se acid solution that will remove the surface contamination but
recommendati
recomm endations
ons are presen
presented
ted as proce
procedures
dures for guida
guidance
nce willl not sig
wil signifi
nifican
cantly
tly afaffec
fectt the stastainle
inless
ss stee
steell itse
itself.
lf. Thi
Thiss
when it is recognized that for a particular service it is desired process is described in a general way in 6.2.11 and defined
to remove surface contaminants that may impair the normal precisely in 6.4 with further reference to the requirements of
corrosion resistance, or result in the later contamination of the Annex A2 and Part II of the table on acid cleaning of steel.
particular stainless steel grade, or cause product contamination. Unless otherwise specified, it is this definition of passivation
The selection of procedures from this practice to be applied to thatt is tak
tha taken
en as the meaning
meaning of a spe specifie
cifiedd req
requir
uireme
ementnt for
passivation.
passiv ation. (See also Specific
Specification
ation A967/A967M
A967/A967M.) .)
the pa
the part
rtss ma
may y be spspec
ecifie
ifiedd up
uponon ag
agre
reem
emenentt be
betw
twee
een
n ththee 1.1.1.3
1.1.1 .3 Passiv
Passivation
ation is the chemical treatment of a stainless
supp
su ppli
lier
er anandd ththee pu
purcrcha
hase
serr. Fo
Forr cecert
rtai
ain
n ex exce
cept
ptio
iona
nall
applications, additional requirements which are not covered by steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the
this practice
practice may be spe specifi
cified
ed upo
uponn agr
agreeme
eement nt bet
betwee
ween n the purpose of enhancing the spontaneous formation of the protec-
supplier and the purchaser. Although they apply primarily to tivee pa
tiv pass
ssiv
ivee met
metal
al ox
oxididee fil
film.
m. SuSuchch ch
chem
emica
icall tr
treat
eatme
mentnt is
materials in the composition ranges of the austenitic, ferritic, generally not necessary for the formation of the passive metal
martensitic,
martens itic, and duple
duplex
x stainles
stainlesss steels, the practic
practices
es descri
described
bed oxide film.
may also be useful for cleaning other metals if due consider- 1.1.1.4
1.1.1 .4 Passiv
Passivation
ation does not indicate the separate process process of
ation is given to corrosion and possible metallurgical effects. descaling as described in Section 5 5,, although descaling may be
1.1.1 The term passivation
passivation is commo
commonly nly applied to several necessary before passivation can be effective. Depending on
distinctly different operations or processes relating to stainless the application, chemical descaling (acid pickling) as described
stee
steels
ls.. In or orde
derr to avavoi
oid
d am
ambi bigu
guit
ity
y in th thee se
sett
ttin
ing
g of in 5.2.1 may pro provid
videe suf
suffficie
icient
nt pas
passiv
sivatio
ation
n as defi defined
ned in
requirements, it may be necessary for the purchaser to define 1.1.1.2..
1.1.1.2
precise
pre cisely
ly the int
intend
ended
ed mea
meanin
ningg of pas
passiv
sivatio
ation.
n. Som
Somee of the 1.2 This practice does not cover decontaminatio
decontamination n or clean-
various meanings associated with the term passivation that are ing of equipment or systems that have been in service, nor does

in common usage include the following: it cover

other descaling
hand, and
some of cleaning
the practicesof may
materials at the mill.
be applicable forOn the
these
1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1 Passiv
Passivation
ation is the process by which a stainles
stainlesss steel
will spontaneously form a chemically resistant surface when purposes.
purp oses. While the practic
practicee provi
provides
des recomm
recommendati
endations
ons and
exposed to air or other oxygen-containing environments. It was information concerning the use of acids and other cleaning and
at one time considered that an oxidizing treatment was neces- descaling agents, it cannot encompass detailed cleaning proce-
sary to establish this passive metal oxide film, but it is now dure
du ress fo
forr sp
speci
ecific
fic ty
type
pess of eq
equi
uipm
pmen
entt or in
inst
stall
allati
ation
ons.
s. It
accepted that this film will form spontaneously in an oxygen- therefore in no way precludes the necessity for careful planning
containing
contain ing environment
environment provi
providing
ding that the surfa
surface
ce has been and judgment
judgment in the sele
selectio
ction
n and implement
implementatio
ation
n of suc
suchh
thoroughly cleaned or descaled. procedures.
1.3 The
These
se pra
practic
ctices
es may be appapplied
lied when free iro
iron,
n, oxi
oxide
de
scale, rust, grease, oil, carbonaceous or other residual chemical
1
This practice is under the jurisd
jurisdiction
iction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel Steel,, films,
film s, soi
soil,
l, par
particl
ticles,
es, met
metal
al chip
chips,
s, dir
dirt,
t, or oth
other
er non
nonvol
volatil
atilee
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee deposits
depos its might adversely affect
affect the metallu
metallurgic
rgical
al or sanitar
sanitaryy
A01.14 on Methods of Corrosion Testing.
condition or stability of a surface, the mechanical operation of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A380/A380M – 13. a part, component, or system, or contaminate a process fluid.
DOI: 10.1520/A0380_A0380M-17. The degree of cleanness required on a surface depends on the

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 A380/A380M − 17

application. In some cases, no more than degreasing or removal F22 Test Meth
Method
od for Hyd
Hydrop
rophob
hobic
ic Sur
Surfac
facee Fil
Films
ms by the
of gro
grossss con
contam
taminat
ination
ion is nec
necess
essary
ary.. Oth
Others
ers,, suc
suchh as foo
food-
d- Water-Break Test
handli
han dling
ng,, pha
pharma
rmaceu
ceutic
tical,
al, aer
aerosp
ospace
ace,, and cercertai
tain
n nu
nucle
clear
ar 2.2 ISO Standards:3
applications, may require extremely high levels of cleanness, ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environ-
including
includ ing removal of all detectable residual chemical films and ments -- Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle
contaminants that are invisible to ordinary inspection methods. concentration
ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environ-
NOTE 1—The term “iron,” when hereinafter referred to as a surface
contaminant, shall denote free iron.
contaminant, ments
men ts -- Pa
Part
rt 2: Mo
Moni
nito
tori
ring
ng to prprov
ovid
idee ev
evid
iden
ence
ce of
cleanroom performance related to air cleanliness by par-
1.4 Att
Attain
ainmen
mentt of sur
surfac
faces
es that are fre
freee of iro
iron,
n, meta
metallic
llic
ticle concentration
deposits, and other contamination depends on a combination of
properr design
prope design,, fabri
fabrication
cation methods, cleaning and descali
descaling,
ng, 3. Desig
Design
n
and protection to preve
prevent
nt recon
recontaminati
tamination
on of cleaned surfaces.
surfaces.
3.1 Con
Consid
sidera
eratio
tionn sho
should
uld be giv given
en in the design of parparts,
ts,
Meanin
Mea ningfu
gfull test
testss to est
establi
ablish
sh the degree of clea
cleanne
nness
ss of a
equipment, and systems that will require cleaning to minimize
surface are few, and those are often difficult to administer and
the pre
presen
sence
ce of cre
crevic
vices,
es, poc
pockets
kets,, blin
blind
d hol
holes,
es, und
undrain
rainable
able
to eva
evalua
luate
te obj
objecti
ectivel
vely
y. Visu
isual
al ins
inspec
pection
tion is sui
suitab
table
le for the
cavities, and other areas in which dirt, cleaning solutions, or
detection of gross contamination, scale, rust, and particulates,
sludge
slu dge might lod lodge
ge or bec
become
ome tra trappe
pped,
d, and to pro
provid
videe for
but may not reveal the presence of thin films of oil or residual
effec
effectiv
tivee cir
circula
culatio
tion
n and remremovaovall of clea
cleanin
ning
g sol
solutio
utions.
ns. In
chem
ch emica
icall film
films.
s. In adaddi
ditio
tion,
n, vi
visu
sual
al in
insp
spect
ectio
ion
n of ininter
terna
nall
equipment and systems that will be cleaned in place or that
surfaces is often impossible because of the configuration of the
cannot be immersed in the cleaning solution, it is advisable to
item. Methods are described for the detection of free iron and
slope lines for drainage: to provide vents at high points and
transparent chemical and oily deposits.
drain
dr ainss at lo
low
w popoin
ints
ts of th
thee ite
item
m or sy syst
stem
em;; to ar
arra
rang
ngee fo
forr
1.5 This practice provides definitions
definitions and descr
describes
ibes prac- removal or isolation of parts that might be damaged by the
tices for cleaning, descaling, and passivation of stainless steel cleanin
clea ningg sol
soluti
ution
on or fum
fumeses fro
fromm the clea
cleanin
ningg sol
soluti
utions
ons;; to
parts.
par ts. Test
estss with acc
accepta
eptance
nce cri
criter
teria
ia to dem
demons
onstrat
tratee tha
thatt the provid
pro videe mea
meansns for atta
attachi
ching
ng temp
tempora
orary
ry fill and circircula
culatio
tion
n
passivation
passiv ation procedures
procedures have been successful
successful are listed in 7.2.5 lines; and to provide for inspection of cleaned surfaces.
and 7.3.4
7.3.4,, an
and
d can alalso
so be fo
foun
undd in Sp
Speci
ecific
ficati
ation
on A967/
3.2 In a co
3.2 comp
mple lex
x pi
pipi
ping
ng sy
syst
stem
em it ma may
y be didiffficu
icult
lt to
A967M..
A967M
determine how effective a cleaning operation has been. One
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
inch-pound units method of designing inspectability into the system is to provide
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in a sh
shor
ortt fla
flang
nged
ed len
lengt
gth
h of pipe (that
(that is
is,, a sp
spoo
ooll pi
piece
ece)) at a
each system may not be exa exact
ct equ
equiva
ivalen
lents;
ts; the
theref
refore
ore,, each location where the cleaning is likely to be least effective; the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining spool piece can then be removed for inspection upon comple-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance tion of cleaning.
with the standard.
1.7 This standar
standard d doe
doess not purport
purport to add
addre
ress
ss all of the 4. Precle
Precleaning
aning
safet
safetyy co
conc
ncer
erns
ns,, if an
anyy, as
asso
socia
ciate
ted
d wit
with
h its us
use.
e. It is th
thee 4.1 Preclea
Precleaning
ning is the removal of grease,
grease, oil, paint, soil, grit,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and oth
other
er gro
gross
ss con
contami
taminati
nation
on pre
prepar
parato
atory
ry to a fabfabrica
ricatio
tion
n
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- process or final cleaning. Precleaning is not as critical and is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific generally not as thorough as subsequent cleaning operations.
safety precautions
precautions see 7.2.5.3
7.2.5.3,, 7.3.4
7.3.4,, Section 8, A1.7
A1.7,, and Material
Mater ialss are us usua
ually
lly prprecl
eclean
eaneded bebefo
fore
re hohot-f
t-for
ormin
ming,g,
A2.11..)
A2.11 anneali
ann ealing,
ng, or oth other
er hig
high-t
h-temp
empera
eratur
turee ope
operat
ration
ion,, bef
before
ore any
1.8 This int
intern
ernati
ationa
onall sta
standa
ndard
rd was dev
develo
eloped
ped in acc
accor
or-- descaling operation, and before any finish-cleaning operation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- wher
wh eree ththee pa
parts
rts wi
will
ll be immimmererse
sedd or wh wher
eree th
thee cl
clean
eanin
ingg
izatio
ization
n es
esta
tabl
blis
ishe
hed
d in th
thee De
Decis
cisio
ion
n on PrPrin
incip
ciple
less fo
forr th
thee solu
solutio
tions
ns wiwill
ll be rereus
used
ed.. It
Item
emss th
that
at ar
aree su
subj
bjec
ectt to se
seve
vera
rall
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- redraws or a series of hot-forming operations, with intermedi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical ate anneals, shall be cleaned after each forming operation, prior
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. to ann
anneali
ealing.
ng. Pre
Precle
cleanin
aningg may be acco accompl
mplish
ished
ed by vap vapor
or
degreasing; immersion in, spraying, or swabbing with alkaline
2. Referenc
Referenced
ed Documents
Documents
or emulsi
emulsion on cleane
cleaners;
rs; steam; or high-
high-press
pressure
ure water-jet (see
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 6.2).
6.2).
A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treat-
ments for Stainless Steel Parts 5. Desc
Descaling
aling
F21 Test Met
Method
hod for Hyd
Hydrop
rophob
hobic
ic Sur
Surfac
facee Film
Filmss by the 5.1 General—Des
Descali
caling
ng is the rem
remova
ovall of hea
heavy
vy,, tig
tightl
htly
y
Atomizer Test adhere
adherent
nt ox
oxide
ide film
filmss res
result
ulting
ing fr
from
om hot
hot-fo
-form
rming
ing,, hea
heat-
t-

2
treatment,
treatment, weldin
welding,
g, and other high-temperatur
high-temperaturee operat
operations.
ions.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Availab
vailable
le from Intern
Internationa
ationall Orga
Organizati
nization
on for Stan
Standardiz
dardization,
ation, ISO Centr
Central
al
the ASTM website. Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.

2
 A380/A380M − 17

Because
Beca use mil
milll pro
produc
ducts
ts are usu
usually
ally supplied
supplied in the des
descale
caled
d tions (such as the presence of crevices). If used, neutralization
condition, descaling (except removal of localized scale result- is usually also followed by rinsing with clean water to remove
ing from welding) is generally not necessary during fabrication all tra
traces
ces of the neu
neutral
tralizin
izingg age
agent
nt and tho
thorou
rough
gh dry
drying
ing.. To
of equipment or erection of systems (see 6.3
6.3).
). When necessary, mini
mi nimiz
mizee sta
stain
inin
ing,
g, su
surf
rfac
aces
es shshall
all no
nott be pe
perm
rmitt
itted
ed to dr dry
y
scale may be removed by one of the chemical methods listed betwee
bet weenn suc
success
cessive
ive step
stepss of the acid des descali
caling
ng and rin rinsin
sing
g
below, by mechanical methods (for example, abrasive blasting, procedure (see A1.5
A1.5).).
sanding,
sandin g, grinding, power brushing),
brushing), or by a combi
combination
nation of 5.2.6 Chemical descaling methods, factors in their selection,
these. and
an d pr
prec
ecau
autio
tions
ns in ththeir
eir ususee ar
aree de
desc
scri
ribe
bed
d in th thee Metals
5.2 Chem
Chemical
ical Des
Descali
caling
ng (Pic
(Pickling)—Chem
kling)—Chemical
ical desc
descalin
aling
g Handbook.4 When chemical descaling is necessary, it should

agents include aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, or nitric and be done

before while thefabrication
subsequent part is in its
or simplest
installationpossible geometry,
steps create inter-
hydrofl
hyd rofluor
uoric
ic acid
acids,
s, as des
describ
cribed
ed in Anne
Annex x A1
A1,, Tab
Table
le A1.1
A1.1,,
molten alkali or salt baths, and various proprietary formula- nal cre
crevic
vices
es or und
undrai
rainab
nable
le spa
spaces
ces tha
thatt may trap descaling
descaling
tions. The safety precautions of 8.6 shall be observed in the use agents
agents,, slu
sludge
dge,, par
particl
ticles,
es, or con
contam
tamina
inated
ted rin
rinse
se wat
water
er that
of the
these
se meth
methods
ods.. Par
Particu
ticular
lar car
caree sha
shall
ll be exe
exercis
rcised
ed whe
whenn might either result in eventu
eventual
al corro
corrosion
sion or adver
adversely
sely affect
affect
pickling
pick ling closed sys
systems
tems and item
itemss wit
with
h cre
crevic
vices
es or int
intern
ernal
al operation of the item after it is placed in service.
voids to prevent retention of pickling solutions and residues. 5.3 Mechanical Descaling—Mechanical descaling methods
5.2.1 Acid Pick
Pickling —Nit
ling— Nitric-
ric-hyd
hydrofl
rofluor
uoric
ic acid sol
soluti
ution
on is include abrasive blasting, power brushing, sanding, grinding,
most widely used by fabricators of stainless steel equipment and chi
chippi
pping.
ng. Pro
Proced
cedura
urall req
requir
uiremen
ements
ts and pre
precaut
caution
ionss for
and rem
remove
ovess bot
both
h met
metalli
allicc con
contam
tamina
ination
tion,, and weld
welding
ing and some of these methods are given in the Metals Handb ook.4
Handbook
heat-treating scales. Its use should be carefully controlled and Mechanical descaling methods have the advantage that they do
is not recommended for descaling sensitized austenitic stain- not pro
produc
ducee suc
suchh phy
physica
sicall or che
chemic
mical
al con
conditi
ditions
ons as inte
inter-
r-
less steels or hardened martensitic stainless steels or where it granular
granu lar attack, pitting, hydr
hydrogen
ogen embrittlement,
embrittlement, cracks
cracks,, or
can com
comee into contact
contact witwithh carb
carbonon ste
steel
el par
parts,
ts, ass
assemb
emblies
lies,, smut deposits. For some materials, in particular the austenitic
equipment, and systems. See also A1.3 A1.3.. Solutions of nitric acid stain
stainle
less
ss st
steel
eelss wh
when
en in th thee sen
sensit
sitize
ized
d co
cond
nditi
ition
on an
and
d ththee
alone are usually not effective for removing heavy oxide scale. martensiti
marten siticc sta
stainle
inless
ss stee
steels
ls whe
whenn in the har
harden
dened
ed con
condit
dition
ion,,
5.2.2 Surfa
Surfaces
ces to be descale
descaled
d shall be precleaned to remove mechanical
mechan ical descaling may be the only suitable method. Grind-
oils and greases prior to acid treatment (see A1.5 A1.5)), and are ing is usually the most effective means of removing localized
usually precleaned prior to other chemical treatments. scale such as that which results from welding. Disadvantages
5.2.3 When size and shape of product permit,permit, total immer- of mec
mechanhanical
ical des
descali
caling
ng are cos
cost,
t, as com
compar
pareded to che
chemica
micall
sion in the pickling solution is preferred. Where immersion is descaling, and the fact that surface defects (for example, laps,
impractical,
impract ical, descaling may be accomp
accomplished
lished by ( 1) wetting the pits, slivers) may be obscured, making them difficult to detect.
surfaces by swabbing or spraying, or ( 2) by partially filling the 5.3.1
5.3 .1 Sur
Surfac
faces
es to be descaled
descaled may have to be pre preclea
cleaned
ned..
item with picklin
picklingg solution and rotating or rocki
rocking
ng to slosh the Particular care must be taken to avoid damage by mechanical
solutio
solution
n so thathatt all sur
surfac
faces
es rec
receiv
eivee the req
requir
uired
ed che
chemica
micall methods when descaling thin sections, polished surfaces, and
treatment. The surface should be kept in contact with agitated close-
clo se-tol
toleran
erancece par
parts.
ts. Aft
After
er mec
mechan
hanical
ical des
descali
caling,
ng, sur
surfac
faces
es
solution for about 15 to 30 min or until inspection shows that shou
shouldld be cl clean
eaned
ed by scr scrub
ubbi
bing
ng wiwith
th ho
hott wa
water
ter an
andd fib
fiber
er
comp
co mplet
letee sca
scale
le rem
remov
oval
al ha
hass be
been
en accaccom
ompl
plish
ished
ed.. With
ithou
outt brushes, followed by rinsing with clean, hot water.
agitation, additional exposure time may be required. If rocking 5.3.2
5.3 .2 Gri
Grindi
nding
ng whe
wheelsels and san
sandin
ding
g mate
materia
rials
ls sho
should
uld not
or rotation are impracticable, pickling solution may be circu- contain iron, iron oxide, zinc, or other undesirable materials
lated through the item or system until inspection shows that that may cause contamination of the metal surface. Grinding
descaling has been accomplished. wheels, sanding materials, and wire brushes previously used on
5.2.4 Over
Over-pick
-pickling
ling must be avoid
avoided.
ed. Uniform removal of other metals should not be used on stainless steel. Wire brushes
scale
sca le wi
with
th acacid
id pi
pick
cklin
ling
g de
depe
pend
ndss on th thee aci
acid
d us
used
ed,, ac
acid
id shou
should
ld be of a st stain
ainle
less
ss st
steel
eel wh
which
ich is eq
equauall in co
corr
rros
osio
ion
n
concen
con centra
tratio
tion,
n, sol
soluti
ution
on tem
temper
peratu
ature,
re, and concontact
tact time (se
(seee resistance to the material being worked on.
Annex
Ann ex A1
A1).). Con
Contin
tinuou
uouss exp
exposu
osure
re to pic
picklin
klingg sol
soluti
utions
ons for 5.3.3
5.3.3 Clean, preprevio
viousl
usly
y unu
unused
sed abr
abrasiv
asives,
es, suc
suchh as gla
glass
ss
more than 30 min is not recommended. The item should be beads or iron-free silica or alumina sand, are recommended for
drained and rinsed after 30 min and examined to check the abrasiv
abr asivee bla
blastin
sting.
g. Ste
Steel
el sho
shott or gri
gritt is gen
genera
erally
lly not rec
recom-
om-
effective
effectiveness
ness of the treatment. Additional
Additional treatme
treatment
nt may be mended because of the possibility of embedding iron particles.
required. Most pickling solutions will loosen weld and heat- The use of stainless steel shot or grit reduces the danger of
treating scale but may not remove them completely. Intermit- rusting and iron contamination, but cannot completely elimi-
tent scrubbing with a stainless steel brush or fiber-bristle brush, nate the possi
possibility
bility of embed
embedding
ding residues of iron-
iron-oxide
oxide scale.
in conjunction with pickling or the initial rinse, may facilitate 5.3.4 If a totally iron and scale free surface
surface is required,
required, most
thee re
th remo
mova
vall of sca
scale
le pa
part
rticl
icles
es an
andd pr
prod
oducucts
ts of ch
chem
emica
icall abrasiv
abr asivee bla
blastin
sting
g may be fol follow
loweded by a bri
brief
ef acid dip (se
(seee
reaction (that is, pickling smut). Annex A2)A2) or passivation treatment (see 6.4 6.4)).
5.2.5 After chemical
chemical descaling, surfaces
surfaces shall be thoro
thoroughly
ughly
rinsed
rinsed wi
with
th cl
clean
ean wa
water
ter to re
remo
move
ve al
alll tr
trace
acess of re
resid
sidua
uall
chemicals and thoroughly dried after the final water rinse. A 4
“Surface
“Surf ace Clean
Cleaning,
ing, Finis
Finishing,
hing, and Coati
Coating,”
ng,” Metals Handbook, Am. Soc.
Handbook,
neutralization treatment may be necessary under some condi- Metals, 9th ed., Vol 5, 1982.

3
 A380/A380M − 17

6. Clea
Cleaning
ning 6.2.2 Emulsio
Emulsion n Cleanin
Cleaning g is a pr
proc
oces
esss fo
forr re
remo
moviving
ng oi
oily
ly
6.1 General—Cleaning includes all operations necessary for deposits and other common contaminants from metals by the
the removal of surface contaminants from metals to ensure (1) use of comcommon
mon or organ
ganic
ic sol
solven
vents
ts dis
disper
persed
sed in an aqu aqueou
eouss
maximum corrosion resistance of the metal, (2) prevention of solution with the aid of a soap or other emulsifying agent (an
product contamination, and (3) achievement of desired appear- emulsif
emu lsifyin
yingg age
agent
nt is one which increases
increases the stab stabilit
ility
y of a
ance. Cleanness is a perishable condition. Careful planning is dispersion of one liquid in another). It is effective for removing
necessary to achieve and maintain clean surfaces, especially a wi
wide
de vavari
riety
ety of cocont
ntam
amin
inan
ants
ts in
inclu
cludi
ding
ng pi pigm
gmenente
tedd an
andd
where
whe re a hig
high
h deg
degree
ree of clea
cleanne
nness
ss is req
requir
uired.
ed. Selection
Selection of unpigme
unp igmented
nted draw
drawing
ing comp
compoun
ounds
ds and lubrlubrican
icants,
ts, cutti
cutting
ng
cleaning processes is influenced mainly by the type of con- fluids,, and residues resul
fluids resulting
ting from liquid penetrant
penetrant inspec
inspection.
tion.

taminant to be removed, the required degree of cleanness, and Emulsion cleaning is used when rapid, superficial cleaning is
cost. If careful control of fabrication processes, sequencing of required and when a light residual film of oil is not objection-
cleaning and fabrication operations, and measures to prevent able.
recontamination of cleaned surfaces are exercised, very little 6.2.3 Solvent Cleaning is a process for removing contami-
spec
specia
iall cl
clea
eani
ning
ng of th thee fin
finis
ishe
hed
d it
item
em or sysyst
stem
em mamay y be nants
nan ts fro
fromm met
metal
al sur
surfac
faces
es by imm
immers
ersion
ion or by spr sprayi
aying
ng or
necessary to attain the desired level of cleanness. If there is a swabbing with common organic solvents such as the aliphatic
question
questio n concer
concerning
ning the ef effective
fectiveness
ness of cleanin
cleaningg agents or petroleums, chlorinated hydrocarbons, or blends of these two
procedures, or the possible adverse effects of some cleaning classes of solvents. Cleaning is usually performed at or slightly
agents or procedures on the materials to be cleaned, trial runs above
abo ve roo
roomm temp
temperat
erature
ure.. Exc
Except
ept for par
partsts with ext
extrem
remely
ely
using test specimens and sensitive inspection techniques may heavy contamination or with hard-to-reach areas, or both, good
be desira
desirable.
ble. Descriptions,
Descriptions, processes, and precau
precautions
tions to be agitation will usually eliminate the need for prolonged soaking.
obse
ob serv
rveded in clclean
eanin
ing
g ar
aree gi
give
ven
n in th
thee Metals Hand book.4
Handbook Virtually all metal can be cleaned with the commonly used
Proprietary cleaners may contain harmful ingredients, such as solvents unless the solvent has become contaminated with acid,
chlorides or sulfur compounds, which could adversely affect alkali, oil, or other foreign material. Chlorinated solvents are
the performance of a part, equipment, or system under service not recommended for degreasing of closed systems or items
condition
conditions.
s. It is reco
recomme
mmende
ndedd tha
thatt the man
manufa
ufactu
cturer
rer of the with crevices or internal voids.
cleaner be consulted if there is reason for concern.
6.2.4 V apor Degreasing is a ge
Vapor gene
neri
ricc te
term
rm ap
appl
plie
ied
d to a
NOTE 2—Instances are known where stainless steel vessels have stress cleaning process that employs hot vapors of a volatile chlori-
cracked
cracked be
befo
fore
re st
star
art-
t-up
up du
duee to st
stea
eami
ming
ng ou
outt or bo
boil
ilin
ing
g ou
outt wi
with
th a nated
nat ed sol
solven
ventt to rem
remove
ove con
contami
taminan
nants,
ts, and is parparticu
ticular
larly
ly
chloride-containing detergent.
effective against oils, waxes, and greases. The cleanness and
6.2 Cleanin
Cleaningg Method
Methods— s—Deg
Degreareasin
singg and gen genera
erall clea
cleanin
ning
g chemical stability of the degreasing solvent are critical factors
may be acc accomp
omplis
lished
hed by imm immersersion
ion in, swa swabbi
bbing
ng wit
with,
h, or in the efficiency of the vapor and possible chemical attack of
spraying with alkaline, emulsion, solvent, detergent, chelate, or the metal. Water in the degreasing tank or on the item being
acid cleaners or a combination of these; by vapor degreasing; cleaned may react with the solvent to form hydrochloric acid,
by ultrasonics using various cleaners; by various mechanical which is usually harmful to the metal. No water should be
methods
meth ods;; by steam, with or with without
out a clea
cleaner
ner;; or by highigh-
h- present in the degreasing tank or on the item being cleaned.
pressure water-jetting. The cleaning method available at any Acids, oxidizing
oxidizing agents
agents,, and cyanides must be prevented from
given time during the fabrication or installation of a component contaminating the solvent. Materials such as silicones cause
or system is a function of the geometric complexity of the item, foam
fo amining
g at ththee liq
liqui
uid-
d-va
vapo
porr in
inter
terfa
face
ce an andd may re resu
sult
lt in
the type of contamination present, the degree of cleanliness recontamination of the workpiece as it is removed from the
requir
req uired,
ed, and cos
cost.
t. Met
Methodhodss com
commonmonly ly use
used d for remremovi
oving
ng degreaser. Vapor degreasing with chlorinated solvents is not
deposi
dep osited
ted con
contami
taminan
nantsts (as opp
oppose
osedd to scascale)
le) are desdescri
cribed
bed recommended for closed systems or items with internal voids
briefly
briefly below and in gre greater
ater detail (includin
(including g fac
factor
torss to be or crevic
crevices.
es.
considered
consid ered in their selectio
selection n and use) in the Metals Handbook4
6.2.5 Ultrasonic Cleaning is often used in conjunction with
and the SSPC Steel Structures Painting Handbook.5 The safety
certain solvent and detergent cleaners to loosen and remove
precautions
precau tions of 8.6 sh shal
alll be obobse
serv
rved
ed in th thee ususee of th thes
esee
methods
meth ods.. Par
Particu
ticular
lar care shashall
ll be exe
exercis
rcised
ed whe
when n clea
cleanin
ning
g contaminants from deep recesses and other difficult to reach
closed systems and items with crevices or internal voids to areas,
are as, par
particu
ticularl
larly
y in smal
smalll wor
work-p
k-piece
ieces.s. Cavi
Cavitati
tation
on in the
prevent retention of cleaning solutions and residues. liquid
liquid pro
produc
duceded by the highighh fre
freque
quency
ncy sousound
nd cau
causes
ses micr
micro o
6.2.1 Alkaline Cleanin
Cleaning g is usused
ed fo
forr th
thee re
remo
mova vall of oioily
ly,, agitation of the cleaner in even tiny recesses of the workpiece,
semisol
semi solid,
id, and sol
solid
id con
contami
taminan
nantsts fro
fromm meta
metals.
ls. To a gre great
at making the method especially desirable for cleaning parts or
extent the solutions used depend on their detergent qualities for assemblies
assemb lies havin
havingg an intric
intricate
ate config
configuratio
uration.n. For extremely
cleaning action and effectiveness.
effectiveness. Agitation and temperature of high levels of surface cleanness, high-purity solvents (1 ppm
the solution are important. total nonvolatile residue) are required.
6.2.6 Synthetic Detergents are extensively used as surface-
active agents because they are freer rinsing than soaps, aid in
5
soils dispersion, and prevent recontamination. They are effec-
Good Paint
Painting
ing Prac tices,, Stee
Practices Steell Struc
Structures
tures Painting Council, Vol
Vol 1, 1982,
Chapters 2.0–2.9, 3.1–3.2. tive for softening hard water and in lowering the surface and
interfacial
interfacial tensions of the solutio
solutions.
ns. Synth
Synthetic
etic deter
detergents,
gents, in

4
 A380/A380M − 17

particu
particular
lar,, sho
should
uld be che
checke
cked
d for the pre
presen
sence
ce of har
harmfu
mfull shall not be permitted to dry between successive steps of the
ingredients as noted in 6.1
6.1.. acid cleaning
cleaning and rinrinsin
sing
g pro
proced
cedure
ure.. Aci
Acidd clea
cleanin
ning g is not
6.2.7 Chelate Cleaning—Chelates are chemicals that form recommended
recomm ended where mechan
mechanicalical cleanin
cleaning g or other chemical
soluble, complex molecules with certain metal ions, inactivat- methods will suffice on the basis of intended use and, as may
ing the ions in solution so they cannot normally react with be necessary, on inspection tests (see 7.2 and 7.3 7.3).
). Require-
another element or ions to produce precipitates or scale. They ments for superfluous cleaning and inspection testing can result
enhance the solubility of scales and certain other contaminants, in excessive costs. Acid cleaning, if not carefully controlled,
do not precipitate different scales when the cleaning solution may damage the surface and may result in further contamina-
becomes spent, and can be used on some scales and contami- tion of the surface.
6.2.12 Rinsing—After cleaning with an aqueous chemical
nants
used
use thatelating
d (ch even
(chelat ing mineral
agents
age acids
nts mus
must willcon
t be not
contin attack.
tinuou sly When
uously circul
cir properly
culated
ated and cleanin
clea ning
g sol
soluti
ution,
on, sur
surfac
faces
es sha
shall
ll be tho
thorou
roughl
ghlyy rin
rinsed
sed wit
withh
must be maintain
maintaineded within carefully controlled
controlled temper
temperature
ature clean
clea n wat
water
er to rem
remove
ove all tra
traces
ces of res residu
idual
al che
chemica
micalsls and
limits), intergranular attack, pitting, and other harmful effects thoroughly dried after the final water rinse. A neutralization
aree min
ar minima
imal.l. Ch
Chela
elatin
ting
g agagen
ents
ts ar
aree pa
part
rticu
icular
larly
ly ususef
eful
ul foforr treatment may be necessary under some conditions (such as the
cleaning installed equipment and systems. presen
pre sence
ce of cre
crevice
vices).
s). If use
used,
d, neu
neutra
traliza
lizatio
tion
n is usu
usually
ally als
also
o
6.2.8 M Mechanica
echanicall Cleanin
Cleaning g (al
(also
so see 5.3 5.3)) — Abrasive followed by rinsing with clean water to remove all traces of the
blastin
blas ting,
g, vap
vapor
or bla
blastin
stingg usi
using
ng a fine abr abrasi
asive
ve sus
suspen
pended
ded in neutralizing agent and thorough drying. (See A2.10 A2.10.) .)
water
wa ter,, gr
grin
indi
ding
ng,, or wiwire
re br
brus
ushi
hing
ng araree of
often
ten de
desi
sira
rabl
blee fo
forr 6.3 Cleaning of Welds and Weld-Joint Areas—
Areas—The joint area
removing surface contaminants and rust. Cleanliness of abra- and surrounding metal for several inches back from the joint
sives and cleaning equipment is extremely important to prevent prepar
pre paratio
ation,
n, on bot
both
h fac
faces
es of the weld, sho
should
uld be clea
cleaned
ned
recontamination of the surfaces being cleaned. Although sur- immediately before starting to weld. Cleaning may be accom-
faces may appear visually clean follo following
wing such proceprocedures
dures,, plis
plishe
hed
d by br brus
ushi
hing
ng wi
with
th a cle
clean
an sta
stain
inle
less
ss st
steel
eel br
brus
ush
h or
residual films which could prevent the formation of an opti- scrubbing with a clean, lint-free cloth moistened with solvent,
mum
mu m pa pass
ssiv
ivee co
cond
nditi
ition
on mamayy st
still
ill be prpres
esen
ent.
t. Su
Subs
bseq
equeuent
nt or both. When the joint has cooled after welding, remove all

treatment
treatm ent suc
such
h as add
additio
itional
nal iro
iron-f
n-free
ree abrabrasi
asive
ve cle
cleani
aning
ng accessible weld spatter
accessible spatter,, weldin
welding
g flux, scale, arc strikes
strikes,, etc., by
methods, acid cleaning, passivation, or combinations of these grindi
grinding.
ng. Accordi
Accordingng to the app
applica
lication
tion,, som
somee scal
scalee or hea
heatt
is, therefore, required for stainless steel parts, equipment, and temper may be permissible on the nonprocess side of a weld,
systems to be used where corrosion
corrosion resistance
resistance is a prime factor but should be removed from the process side if possible. If
to sat
satisf
isfy
y per
perfor
forman
mance
ce and ser
servic
vicee req
requir
uireme
ements
nts,, or whe
where
re chemical cleaning of the process side of the weld is deemed
product contamination must be avoided. necessary, the precautions of this standard shall be observed.
6.2.9 Steam Cleanin
Cleaningg is use
used
d mos
mostly
tly for cleaning
cleaning bul
bulky
ky Austenitic
Austen itic stainle
stainless
ss steels in the sensitized condition should
objects
obj ects that are too larlarge
ge for soak tan
tanks
ks or spr
spray-
ay-was
washin
hingg generally not be descaled with nitric-hydrofluoric acid solu-
equi
eq uipm
pmenent.
t. It ma
mayy be usused
ed wi
with
th cle
clean
anin
ing
g ag
agen
ents
ts su
such
ch as tions. Welds may also be cleaned as described in Table A2.1, A2.1,
emulsions, solvents, alkalis, and detergents. Steam lances are Part III, Treatment
Treatment P and Q (also see 5.2.4 and 5.2.55.2.5).
).
frequently
frequ ently used for cleaning piping assemblies. Steam pres- 6.4 Final Cleaning or Passivation, or Both—If proper care
sures from 345 to 515 kPa [50 to 75 psi] are usually adequate hass be
ha been
en tak
taken
en in ear
earlie
lierr fa
fabr
brica
icatio
tion
n an
andd cle
clean
anin
ing,
g, fin
final
al
(see 6.1
6.1).
). cleaning may consist of little more than scrubbing with hot
6.2.10 Water-Jetting at water pressures of up to 70 MPa water or hot water and detergent (such as trisodium phosphate,
[10 000 psi] is effective for removing grease, oils, chemical TSP), using fiber brushes. Detergent washing shall be followed
deposits (except adsorbed chemicals), dirt, loose and moder- by a hohot-
t-wa
water
ter ri
rins
nsee to reremo
moveve re
resid
sidua
uall ch
chem
emica
icals.
ls. Sp
Spot
ot
ately
ately ad
adhe
here
rent
nt sc
scale
ale,, an
andd ot
othe
herr co
cont
ntam
amin
inan
antsts th
that
at ar
aree no
nott cleaning
cleanin g to remov
removee localiz
localized
ed contamination
contamination may be accom-
actua
actually
lly bo
bond
nded
ed to ththee me
metal
tal.. Th
Thee me
meth
thod
od is pa part
rtic
icul
ular
arly
ly plished by wiping with a clean, solvent-moistened cloth. If the
applicable for cleaning piping assemblies which can withstand purchaser specifies passivation, the final cleaning shall be in
the high pressures involved;
involved; self-p
self-propell
ropelled
ed nozzles or “moles
“moles”” accordance with the requirements of T Table
able A2.1
A2.1,, Part II, or one
are generally used for this purpose. of the treatments listed in Specification A967/A967M
A967/A967M.. Unless
6.2.11 Acid Cleaning is a process in which a solution of a specified by the purchaser, the chemical treatment applied to
mineral or organic acid in water, sometimes in combination the parts shall be selected by the supplier from among the listed
with
wit h a we
wetti
tting
ng ag
agen
entt or de
dete
terg
rgen
entt or bo
both
th,, is em
emplploy
oyeded to passivation treatments. When the stainless steel parts are to be
remove
rem ove iro
iron
n and oth
other
er met
metalli
allicc con
contam
taminat
ination
ion,, ligh
lightt oxi
oxide
de used
use d for app
applica
lication
tionss whe
wherere cor
corros
rosion
ion res
resist
istanc
ancee is a pri
prime
me
films, shop soil, and similar contaminants. Suggested solutions, factor
fac tor to ach
achiev
ievee sat
satisf
isfact
actor
ory
y per
perfo
forma
rmance
nce and serservic
vicee
contact times, and soluti
solution
on temperatures
temperatures for various alloys are requ
requir
ireme
ementnts,
s, or whwhere
ere prprod
oduct
uct cocont
ntami
aminat
nation
ion mumustst be
given in Annex A2.A2. Acid cleaning is not generally effective for avoide
avo ided,
d, pas
passiv
sivatio
ation
n fol
follow
loweded by thothorou
rough
gh rin
rinsin
singg sev
severa
erall
removal of oils, greases, and waxes. Surfaces shall be pre- times with hot water and drying thoroughly after the final water
cleaned to remove oils and greases before acid cleaning. (See rinse is recommended, whenever practical.
A2.10.) Common techniques for acid cleaning are immersion,
A2.10. 6.5 Precision Cleaning—Certain nuclear, space, and other
swabbi
swabbing,
ng, and spr
sprayi
aying.
ng. Max
Maximu
imum
m sur
surfac
facee qua
quality
lity is bes
bestt especially
especia lly cri
critica
ticall app
applica
licatio
tions
ns may reqrequir
uiree that onl
only
y ver
very
y
achieved by using a minimum cleaning time at a given acid high-p
high-puri
urity
ty alco
alcohol
hols,
s, acet
acetone
one,, ket
ketone
ones,
s, or oth
other
er precision
concentration and temperature. To minimize staining, surfaces ng agents be use
cleaning
cleani used
d for final clea
cleanin
ning
g or recl
reclean
eaning
ing of

5
 A380/A380M − 17

critical
critical sur
surfac
faces
es aft
after
er fab
fabric
ricatio
ation
n adv
advanc
ances
es to the poi
point
nt tha
thatt 6.6.4 When cleaning critical
critical installed systems, do not per-
internal crevices, undrainable spaces, blind holes, or surfaces mit the process surfaces to dry between successive cleaning
that are not acce
accessi
ssible
ble for tho
thorou
roughgh scr
scrubb
ubbing
ing,, rin
rinsin
sing,
g, and and rinsing steps, or between the final rinse and filling with the
inspection are formed. Such items are often assembled under layup solution.
clean-room conditions (see 8.5.5
8.5.5)) and require approval, by the
purchaser, of carefully prepared cleaning procedures before the 7. Inspe
Inspectio
ction
n After Cleaning
Cleaning
start of fabrication.
7.1 General— Ins Inspecti
pection
on tech
techniqu
niqueses shou
shouldld repr
represen
esentt
6.6 Clea
Cleaning
ning of Ins
Install
talled
ed Sys
Systems
tems——ThTher
eree ar
aree tw
twoo apap-- careful, considered review of end use requirements of parts,
proaches to cleaning installed systems. In the first, which is equi
eq uipm
pmen
ent,
t, an
and
d sy
syst
stems
ems.. Th
Thereree is no susubs
bstit
titut
utee fo
forr gogood
od,,
probably adequate for most applications, cleaning solutions are unifor
uni form,
m, clea
cleanin
ningg pra
practic
ctices
es whi
whichch yie
yield
ld a meta
metallur
llurgic
gically
ally
circulated through the completed system after erection, taking sound and smooth surface, followed by adequ adequate
ate prote
protection
ction to
care to remove or protect items that could be damaged during preserve that condition. Establishment of the most reliable tests
the cleaning operation. In the second approach, which may be and test sta
standa
ndards
rds for clea
cleanne
nness ss are hel
helpfu
pfull in atta
attaini
ining
ng the
required for gaseous or liquid oxygen, liquid metal, or other desired performance of parts, equipment, and systems. Testing
reactive-process solutions, piping and components are installed should be sufficiently extensive to ensure the cleanness of all
in a manner to avoid or minimize contamination of process- surf
surfac
aces
es ex
expo
posed
sed to prproc
oces
esss flufluid
idss wh
when
en in se serv
rvice
ice.. Th
Thee
solu
so lutio
tion
n su
surf
rfac
aces
es du
duri
ring
ng ererect
ectio
ion
n so th that
at lit
little
tle ad
addi
ditio
tiona
nall follow
following
ing rep
repres
resent
ent som
somee test
testss tha
thatt hav
havee bee
been n suc
succes
cessfu
sfully
lly
cleaning is necessary after erection; post-erection flushing, if applied to stainless steels. The purchaser shall have the option
necessary, is done with the process fluid. If process surfaces are of spe
specif
cifyin
ying g in his purchase
purchase doc docume
umentsnts that any of thes thesee
coated with an appreciable amount of iron oxide, a chelating quality assurance tests be used as the basis for acceptability of
treatmentt or high-
treatmen high-pressu
pressure
re water
water-jettin
-jetting
g treatme
treatmentnt shou
should
ld be the cleanness of the stainless steel item, the absence of iron on
considered in place of acid treatment (see 6.2.7 aand nd 6.2.10
6.2.10).
). the surface, or both.
6.6.1 Post-Erection Cleaning—Circula Circulate
te hot water to which 7.2 Gross Inspection:
a detergent has been added, for at least 4 to 8 h. A water
temperature of at least 60 to 70°C [140 to 160°F] is recom- 7.2.1 Visual—Items cleaned in accordance with this practice
should
shou ld be fr free
ee of pa pain
int,
t, oi
oil,
l, gr
grea
ease
se,, we
weld
ldin
ing
g flu
flux,
x, sl
slag
ag,,
mended (see 6.1
6.1).
). Rinse by circulating clean hot water until the heat-tr
hea t-treati
eating
ng and hot
hot-fo
-formi
rming
ng sca
scale
le (ti
(tight
ghtly
ly adh
adhere
erent
nt sca
scale
le
effluent is clear. If excessive particulate matter is present, the resulting
result ing from weldin
welding g may be permissible on some surfaces),
surfaces),
cleaning cycle may be preceded with a high-pressure steam dirt, trash, metal and abrasive particles and chips, and other
blow, repeating as necessary until a polished-aluminum target gross contamination.
contamination. Some depo deposited
sited atmospheric dust will
on the outlet of the system is no longer dulled and scratched by normal
nor mallyly be pre
presen
sentt on ext
exterio
eriorr sur
surfac
faces
es but sho
should
uld not be
particulates loosened by the high-velocity steam. Valves and present on interior surfaces. Visual inspection should be carried
similar items must be protected from damage during a steam out under a lighting level, including both general and supple-
blow. mentary lighting, of at least 1080 lx [100 footcandles], and
6.6.
6. 6.2
2 If me
metal
tallic
lic ir
iron
on is de detec
tected
ted by on
onee of th
thee me
meth
thod
odss prefer
pre ferabl
ably
y 270
27000 lx [25
[2500 foo
footcan
tcandle
dles]
s] on the sursurfac
faces
es bei
being
ng
suggested in Section 7 7,, it can be removed by circulating one of inspec
inspected
ted.. Visu
isual
al ins
inspec
pectio
tion
n sho
should
uld be supsupple
plemen
mented
ted wit
withh
the acid passivation solutions
solutions sugg
suggested
ested in 6.4 until laboratory borescopes, mirrors, and other aids, as necessary, to properly
determination for iron, made on samples of the solution taken examine inaccessible or difficult-to-see surfaces. Lights should
hourly, indicates no further increase in iron content, after which be positioned to prevent glare on the surfaces being inspected.
circulation may be stopped and the system drained. After this 7.2.1.1 Gro
Gross
ss Indic
Indication
ationss of Iro n—When iron contam
Iron— contamina-
ina-
treatment, circulate clean hot water (that is, without detergent) tion is clearly visible, items should be cleaned in accordance
through the system for 4 h to remove all traces of acid and with this practice.
corrosion product resulting from the acid treatment, or until the 7.2.2 Wipe Tests—Rubbing of a surface with a clean, lint-
pH of the rinse water returns to neutral. free, white cotton cloth, commercial paper product, or filter
6.6.3 In critical systems where
where post-erection
post-erection cleaning is not paper moistened (but not saturated) with high-purity solvent
desir
de sirab
able
le (f
(for
or ex
exam
ampl
ple,
e, li
liqu
quid
id ox
oxyg
ygen
en or nunucl
clear
ear re
react
actor
or (see 6.5
6.5),
), may be used for evaluating the cleanness of surfaces
primary coolant systems), on-site erection may be conducted not accessible for direct visual inspection. Wipe tests of small
under clean-room conditions. Erection instructions may require diameter tubing are made by blowing a clean white felt plug,
that wrapping and seals of incoming materials and equipment slightly larger in diameter than the inside diameter of the tube,
be kept intact until the item is inside the clean area, and that throug
throughh the tub
tubee with clea
clean,
n, dry
dry,, filte
filtered
red com
compre
presse
ssed
d air
air..
careful surveillance be exercised to prevent foreign materials Cleanness in wipe tests is evaluated by the type of contamina-
(for example, cleaning swabs or tools) from being dropped or tion rubbed off on the swab or plug. The presence of a smudge
leftt in th
lef thee sy
syst
stem.
em. Wh
Whereree co
cont
ntam
amin
inati
ation
on do
does
es oc
occu
curr, th
thee on the cloth is evidence of contamination. In cases of dispute
cleaning procedure usually is developed through consultation concerning the harmful nature of the contamination, a sample
between the erector and the purchaser (or his site representa- of the smudg
smudgee may be transferred
transferred to a clean quart
quartzz microscope
tive). Frequently,
Frequently, post-
post-erectio
erection
n flushin
flushing
g is accomp
accomplished
lished by slide for infrared analysis. The wipe test is sometimes supple-
circulating the process fluid through the system until contami- mented
men ted by rep
repeati
eating
ng the test with a blac
black
k clot
cloth
h to dis
disclos
closee
nation is reduced to tolerable levels. contaminants that would be invisible on a white cloth.

6
 A380/A380M − 17

7.2.3 Res
Residua
iduall Patter n—Dr
Pattern— Dryy th
thee cl
clea
eane
ned
d susurf
rfac
acee af
afte
terr copper
copper su
sulfa
lfate
te in th
thee fo
follo
llowi
wing
ng pr
prop
opor
ortio
tions
ns (Warning—
finish-cleaning at 50°C [120°F] for 20 min. The presence of Always add acid to cold water.):
stain
stainss or wa
water
ter sp
spot
otss on th
thee dr
dried
ied su
surf
rface
acess in
indi
dicat
cates
es th
thee Distilled water 90 mL
presence of residual soil and incomplete cleaning. The test is 95–100 % Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 5.4 mL
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) 4g
rapid but not very sensitive.
7.2.4 W ater-Break Test— This is a test for the presence of
Water-Break 7.3 Precision Inspection:
hydrophobic contaminants on a cleaned surface. It is applicable 7.3.1 Solvent-Ring Test is a test to reveal the presence of
only for items that can be dipped in water and should be made tightly adherent transparent films that may not be revealed by
with high-purity water. The test procedure and interpretation of visual
vis ual ins
inspec
pection
tion or wip wipee test
tests.
s. A comcompar
pariso
ison n stan
standar
dardd is
prepared by placing on a clean quartz microscope slide a single
results are described
ately sensiti
sensitive.
ve. in Test Method F22F22.. The test is moder- drop of high-purity solvent and allowing it to evaporate. Next
place another drop on the surface to be evaluated, stir briefly,
7.2.5 Tests for Free Iron:
and transfer, using a clean capillary or glass rod, to a clean
7.2.5.1 Water-Wetting and Drying— Formation of rust stains
quartz microscope slide and allow the drop to evaporate. Make
may be accelerated by periodically wetting the surface with as many test slides as necessary to give a reasonable sample of
preferably distilled or deionized water or clean, fresh, potable
thee su
th surf
rface
ace be beining
g ex exam
aminined
ed.. If fo fore
reig
ign
n ma
mateteria
riall ha
hass be
been
en
tap water. Application via a hand held sprayer or atomizer that
dissolved by the solvent, a distinct ring will be formed on the
produces small droplets that do not coalesce is optimal. The
outer
ou ter edge of th thee dr
drop
op as it ev evap
apor
orat
ates.
es. The na natu
ture
re of ththee
sampl
sam plee sh
shou
ould
ld be re rewe
wett as neneed
eded
ed bu
butt all
allow
owed
ed to aiairr dr
dryy
contaminant can be determined by infrared analysis, compar-
comp
compleletel
tely
y at lea
least
st 8 tim
times
es,, re
remai
maini
ning
ng drdryy fo
forr at lea
leastst 45
ing the infrared analysis with that of the standard.
minutes each, and totaling 7 to 9 h in a 24-h test period. After
7.3.2 BlBlack
ack Lig Light
ht Ins
Inspec
pectio
tionn is a te test
st su
suit
itab
ablele for th thee
completion
comple tion of this test, the surface should show no eviden
evidence ce of
detection of certain oil films and other transparent films that are
rust stains or other corrosion products.
not detectable under white light. In an area that is blacked out
7.2.5.2 High-Humidity Test—Su Subj
bjec
ectt th
thee su
surf
rfac
acee to 95 to to white light, inspect all visible accessible surfaces with the
100 % humidity at 40 to 45°C [100 to 115°F] in a suitable aid of a newnew,, flooflood-td-type
ype,, ult
ultrav
raviol
iolet
et lamp
lamp.. For inacinacces
cessib
sible
le
humidity cabinet for 24 to 26 h. After completion of this test, areas, use a wipe test as described in 7.2.2 and subject the used
the surface should show no evidence of rust stains or other cloth or plug to ultraviolet lamp inspection in a blacked-out
corrosion products. area. Fluorescence of the surface, cloth, or plug indicates the
7.2.5.3 Copper Sulfate Test—This highly sensitive method presence of contaminants. The nature of the contamination can
is recommended for the detection of metallic iron or iron oxide be determined by subjecting a sample of the contaminant, that
on the surface of austenitic 200 and 300 Series, duplex, the has been tra transf
nsferr
erred
ed to a clea
cleann qua
quartz
rtz micr
microsc
oscope
ope slide, to
precip
pre cipitat
itation
ion har
harden
dening
ing allo
alloys,
ys, and the fer
ferriti
riticc 400 Ser
Series
ies infrared
infrar ed analys
analysis.is. The test will not detect straigstraight-ch
ht-chainain hydro-
stainless steels containing 16 % chromium or more. It is not carbons such as mineral oils.
recommended for the martensitic and lower chromium ferritic 7.3.3 Atomizer Test is a test for the presence of hydrophobic
stainless steels of the 400 Series since the test may show a films. It is applicable to both small and large surfaces that are
positive reaction on these materials irrespective of the presence accessi
acce ssible
ble for dirdirect
ect vis
visual
ual exa
examin
minatio
ation,
n, and is abo aboutut 100
100× ×
or absence of anodi
anodicc surfa
surface
ce contam
contaminants
inants.. The test solution is more sensitive than the water-break test. The test procedure
prepared by first adding sulfuric acid to distilled water and then and interpretation of results are described in Test Method F21 F21..
dissol
dis solvin
vingg cop
copper
per sul
sulfat
fatee in the fol
follow
lowinging pro
propor
portio
tions
ns High-purity water should be used for the test.
(Warning—
Warning—AlwaysAlways add acid to cold water.): 7.3.4 Ferroxyl Test for Free Iron is a hypersensitive
hypersensitive test and
Distilled water 250 mL should be used only when even traces of free iron or iron oxide
95–100 % Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 1 mL
might be objectionable. The test can be used on stainless steel
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) 4g
to detect iron contamination from sources including, but not
Appl
Ap ply
y th
thee tes
testt so
solu
lutio
tion
n to ththee su
surf
rfac
acee to be in insp
spect
ected
ed,, limited to, iron-
iron-tool
tool marks, residu
residual-iro
al-ironn salts from picklin
pickling g
applying additional solution if needed to keep the surface wet soluti
sol utions
ons,, iro
iron
n dusdust,t, atmo
atmosph
spheric
eric exp
exposu
osure,
re, iro
iron n dep
deposi
osits
ts in
for a period of 6 min. The specimen shall be rinsed and dried welds,
wel ds, embedded
embedded iro ironn and iron oxi oxide.
de. The tes testt sol
soluti
ution
on is
in a manner not to remove any deposited copper. A copper prepared by first adding nitric acid to distilled water and then
deposit indicates the presence of free iron. adding potassium ferricyanide, in the following proportions:
7.2.5.4 Martensitic Grade Adherent Copper Sulfate Test— Distilled water 94 weight % 1000 mL [1 gal]
The copper sulfate test as set forth in 7.2.5.3 is not applicable Nitric acid (60–67 %) 3 weight % 20 mL [0.2 pt]
to surgical and dental instruments made of hardened marten- Potassium ferricyanide 3 weight % 30 g [4 oz]

sitic stainless steels. Instead,

Instead, a specia
specialized
lized copper sulfate test is The test solution shall be mixed fresh the day the tests are
extensi
exte nsivel
vely
y use
used
d for the pur purpos
posee of det
detecti
ecting
ng fre
freee iro
iron
n and made since it changes color on standing. Apply solution with
determining overall good manufacturing practice. Copper de- an aluminum, plastic, glass, or rubber atomizer having no iron
posi
po sits
ts on ththee su
surfrfac
acee of susuch
ch in
inst
stru
rume
ment
ntss ar
aree wi
wipeped
d wi
with
th or steel parts, or a swab (atomizer spray is preferred).
modera
mode rate
te vi
vigo
gorr to de
dete
term
rmininee if th
thee co
copp
pper
er is ad
adhe
here
rent
nt or 7.3.
7.3.4.
4.1
1 Th
Thee ap
appe
pear
aran
ance
ce of a bl
blue
ue st
stai
ain
n wi
with
thin
in 15 s of
nonadherent. Instruments with nonadherent copper are consid- application is evidence of surface iron contamination. Several
ered acceptable. The specialized test solution is prepared by minute
min utess may be req
requir
uired
ed for detection
detection of oxi
oxide
de scal
scale.
e. The
first adding sulfuric acid to distilled water and then dissolving soluti
solution
on sho
should
uld be rem
remove
oved
d fro
from
m the sur
surfac
facee as qui
quickly
ckly as

7
 A380/A380M − 17

possible after testing using water or, if necessary, white vinegar sludge in the bottom of cleaning tanks; the formation of oil,
or a solution of 5 to 20 weight % acetic acid and scrubbing scums,
scums, and und
undiss
issolv
olved
ed mat
matter
ter on liq
liquid
uid sur
surfac
faces;
es; and hig
highh
with a fiber brush. Flush the surface with water several times concentrations of emulsified oil, metal or chemical ions, and
after use of vinegar or acetic acid. suspended solids in the liquids. Periodic cleaning of vats and
degreasing
degre asing tanks
tanks,, decanti
decanting,
ng, period
periodic
ic bottom
bottom-drain
-drain,, agitatio
agitation
n
NOTE 3—Potassium ferricyanide is not a dangerous poison as are the
simple cyanides. However, when heated to decomposition or in contact of solutions, and similar provisions are essential to maintain
with concentrated acid, it emits highly toxic cyanide fumes. the effectiveness of solutions. Care must be taken to prevent
NOTE 4—Ru
4—Rubber
bber gloves, clothing,
clothing, and face shield
shieldss shoul
should
d be worn water contamination
contamination of trichlo
trichloroethy
roethylene
lene and other haloge-
when applying the test solut
solution,
ion, and inhala
inhalation
tion of the atomized spray nated solvents, both while in storage and in use. Redistillation
should
should be avoid
avoided.
ed.
NOTE 5—The test is not recommended for process-surfaces of equip- and filterin
filte
necessaryringg of reuse.
before solven
solvents
ts and vap
Makeup vaporor-de
-degre
is often greasin
asing
requiredg toagents
age nts are
maintain
ment that will be used for processing food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, or
other products for human consumption unless all traces of the test solution concentrations and pH of cleaning solutions at effective levels.
can be thoro
thoroughly
ughly removed. Do not oveoverus
rusee che
chemica
micall clea
cleaner
ners,
s, par
particu
ticular
larly
ly acid
acidss and
vapor-degreasing solvents; if light films or oily residues remain
8. Pre
Precaut
cautions
ions on th
thee me
metal
tal su
surf
rfac
aces
es af
after
ter us
usee of susuch
ch ag
agen
ents,
ts, ad
addi
ditio
tiona
nall
scrubbing with hot water and detergent, followed by repeated
8.1 Minimizing Iron Contamination— Iron contamination on
rinsing with large quantities of hot water, may be necessary.
stainless steel parts, components, and systems is almost always
confi
co nfine
ned
d to th thee su
surf
rfac
ace.
e. If rereas
ason
onab
able
le ca
care
re is ta
take
kenn in 8.3 Rinse Water—Ordinary industrial or potable waters are
fabrication, simple inexpensive cleaning procedures may suf- usually suitable for most metal-cleaning applications. Biologi-
fice for its removal, and very little special cleaning should be cally tested potable water should be used for final rinsing of
required.
requir ed. Fabrication
Fabrication should be confin
confined
ed to an area where only food-handling, pharmaceutical, dairy, potable-water, and other
the one grade of matematerial
rial is bei
being
ng wor
worked
ked.. Pow
Powder
der cutting
cutting sanitar
san itaryy equ
equipm
ipment
ent and sys
systems
tems.. Rin
Rinsin
sing
g and flus
flushin
hing
g of
should be minimized or prohibited. Handling equipment such critica
criticall com
compon
ponent
entss and sys
systems
tems aft
after
er fini
finish-
sh-clea
cleanin
ning
g oft
often
en
as slings, hooks, and lift-truck forks should be protected with requires
requi res high-
high-purity
purity deionized water, having strict controls on
clean wood, cloth, or plastic buffers to reduce contact with the halide content, pH, resistivity, turbidity, and nonvolatile resi-
iron surfa
surfaces.
ces. Walking on corro
corrosion-r
sion-resistan
esistantt alloy surfa
surfaces
ces dues. Analytical
Analytical methods that may be used for establishing
establishing the
should be avoided; where unavoidable, personnel should wear puri
pu rity
ty of ririns
nsee wa
wate
terr sh
shou
ould
ld be de
demo
mons
nstr
trate
ated
d to ha
have
ve th
thee
clean shoe covers each time they enter. Kraft paper, blotting sensitivity
sensiti vity necessary to detect specified impurity
impurity levels; the
paper
pap er,, pap
paperb
erboar
oard,
d, flan
flannel
nel,, vin
vinyl-
yl-bac
backed
ked adh
adhesi
esive
ve tape or analy
an alytic
tical
al met
methohods
ds gi
give
venn in th
thee An
Annu
nual
al Bo
Bookok of AS
ASTM
TM
paper, or other protective material should be laid over areas Standards, Vol 03.05, are recommended for referee purposes in
where personnel are required to walk. Shearing tables, press casee of dis
cas disput
pute.
e. To min
minimi
imize
ze the use of cos
costly
tly hig
high-p
h-puri
urity
ty
breaks
breaks,, lay
layout
out stan
stands,
ds, and oth
other
er car
carbon
bon-st
-steel
eel wor
work k sur
surfac
faces
es water, preliminary rinses can often be made with somewhat
should be covered with clean kraft paper, cardboard, or blotting lesser quality water, followed by final rinsing with the high-
paper to reduce the amount of contact with the carbon steel. purity water. It is also possible in many cases to use effluent or
Hand
Ha nd to tool
ols,
s, br
brus
ushe
hes,
s, mo
mold
ldin
ing
g totool
ols,
s, an
andd ot
othe
herr to
tool
olss an
and
d overflow
overfl ow from the final rinse operation
operation for preliminary
preliminary rinsin
rinsing
g
supplies
suppl ies requir
required
ed for fabrication should be segregsegregated
ated from of other items.
similar items used in the fabrication of carbon steel equipment, 8.4 Circulation of Cleaning Solutions and Rinse Water—For
and should be restricted to use on the one material; tools and restricted internal surfaces (for example, small diameter piping
supplies used with other materials should not be brought into syst
system
emss or th thee sh
shel
elll or tu
tube
be si
side
de of a he
heat
at ex
exch
chan
ange
ger)
r),,
the fab
fabric
ricatio
ation
n area
area.. Tool
oolss and fixtures
fixtures sho
should
uld be mad
madee of high-velocity
high-veloci ty,, turbu
turbulent
lent flow of cleanin
cleaning
g soluti
solutions
ons and rinse
hardened tool steel or chrome-plated steel. Wire brushes should water may be necessary to provide the scrubbing action needed
be stainless steel, or of an alloy composition similar to the steel for effective cleaning and rinsing. The velocity required is a
being cleaned, and should not have been previously used on function of the degree of cleanness required and the size of
other materials. Only new, washed sand that is free of iron particles that are permissible in the system after the start of
particles should be used for casting. operation. For example, if particles between 500 and 1000 µm
8.2 Reu
Reuse
se of Clea
Cleanin
ning
g and Pick
Pickling
ling Sol
Soluti
utions—Cleaning
ons— [0.002 and 0.004 in.] are acceptable to remain, a mean flushing
and pickling agents are weakened and contaminated by mate- velocity of 0.3 to 0.6 m/s [1 to 2 ft/s] may be sufficient for pipe
rials and soil being removed
removed from surfaces as they are cleaned. diameters of DN 50 [NPS 2] and smaller; to remove 100 to
Solutions
Solutio ns may become spent or deplet
depleteded in concen
concentratio
tration
n after 200 µm [0.004 to 0.008 in.] particles, a mean flushing velocity
extended use, and it is necessary to check concentrations and to of 0.9 to 1.2 m/s [3 to 4 ft/s] may be required.
replace or replenish solutions when cleaning or pickling action 8.5 Pr
Protectio n of Cleaned Surfaces—Measu
otection Measuresres to prote
protect
ct
slows. A1.2 and A2.6 give limits for iron content in descaling cleaned surfaces should be taken as soon as final cleaning is
and passivation solutions respectively. It may be impractical or completed,
comple ted, and shoul
shouldd be maintained during all subseq
subsequent
uent
uneconomical to discard solutions after a single use, even in fabrication,
fabrication, shipp
shipping,
ing, inspec
inspection,
tion, storag
storage,
e, and install
installation.
ation.
precision cleanin
precision cleaningg operat
operations
ions (that is, finish
finish-cleani
-cleaning
ng using 8.5.1
8.5 .1 Do not remove
remove wra
wrappi
ppings
ngs and seal
sealss fro
from
m inc
incomi
oming
ng
very high-purity solvents and carried out under clean-room and materials and components until they are at the use site, ready to
rigidly controlled environmental conditions). When solutions be used or installed. If wrappings and seals must be disturbed
are re-used, care shall be taken to prevent the accumulation of for receiving inspection, do not damage them, remove no more

8
 A380/A380M − 17

than necessar
necessaryy to car
carry
ry out the ins
inspec
pection
tion,, and rewrap
rewrap and 8.5.7 Instal
Installed
led piping systems
systems are often laid up wet, that is,
reseal as soon as the inspection is complete. For critical items they ar
they aree fill
filled
ed wi
with
th wa
water
ter (o
(orr pr
proc
oces
esss flu
fluid
id)) af
after
ter in
in-p
-pla
lace
ce
that were cleaned by the supplier, and that will not be given cleanin
cleaningg unt
until
il rea
ready
dy to be plac
placed
ed in ser
servic
vice.
e. Sto
Storag
ragee wat
water
er
furt
furthe
herr cle
clean
anin
ing
g at ththee us
usee sit
sitee or af
afte
terr in
inst
stall
allat
atio
ion,
n, th
thee should be of the same quality as the makeup water for the
condition of seals and wrappings should be inspected regularly system, and should be introduced in a manner that it directly
and at fairly short intervals while the item is in storage. replaces the final flush water without permitting the internal
8.5.2 Finish
Finish-cleane
-cleanedd materia
materials
ls and components
components shoushouldld not surfaces of the system to dry.
be stored directly on the ground or floor, and should not be 8.5.8
8.5.8 Equ
Equipm
ipment
ent and asse
assembl
mblies
ies for cri
critica
ticall app
applica
licatio
tions
ns
permitt
per mitted,
ed, ins
insofa
ofarr as pra
practic
cticabl
able,
e, to com
comee in concontact
tact with may be sto stored
red and shishippe
pped
d wit
withh pre
pressu
ssuriz
rized,
ed, dry
dry,, filte
filtered
red,,

asphalt,
low-me
low galvanized
-meltin
ltingg poi
point or carbon
nt meta ls, orsteel,
metals, mercury,
alloys
alloys or com zinc,
compou
poundslead,
nds ofbrass,
such
suc h oil-fr
oil-free
ee nitrogen
installed. Means to prevent
preve
shall bent corrosion
provided foruntil they are ready
maintaining to be
and moni-
materials. Acid cleaning of surfaces that have been in contact toring the gas press
pressure
ure during shipping
shipping and storag
storage.
e. If the item
with such materials may be necessary to prevent failure of the is to be shipped to or through mountains or other areas where
item when subsequently heated. The use of carbon or galva- the altitude varies greatly from that where it was pressurized,
nized steel wire for bundling and galvanized steel identification consideration must be given to the effect of that change in
tags should be avoided. altitudee on the pressure inside
altitud inside the item, and possible rupture or
8.5.3 Store materials
materials and equip
equipment,
ment, when in process, on loss of seals.
wood
wo od sk
skid
idss or pa
palle
llets
ts or on met
metalal su
surf
rface
acess th
that
at ha
have
ve be
been
en 8.5.9
8.5 .9 Pre
Pressu
ssure-
re-sen
sensit
sitive
ive tap
tapee is oft
often
en use
used
d for seal
sealing
ing or
protected to prevent direct contact with stainless steel surfaces. protec
pro tectiv
tivee cov
covers
ers,, sea
seals,
ls, cap
caps,s, plu
plugs,
gs, and wra wrapppping
ings.s. If
Keep openings of hollow items (pipe, tubing, valves, tanks, possible, the gummed surface of the tape should not come in
pumps, pressure vessels, and so forth) capped or sealed at all contact with stainless steel surfaces. If tape has come in contact
times except when they must be open to do work on the item, with the metal, clean it with solvent or hot water, and vigorous
using polyethylene,
polyethylene, nylon
nylon,, TFE-fl
TFE-fluoro
uorocarbon
carbon plastic, or stain- scrubbing.
less steel cap
caps,
s, plu
plugs,
gs, or seal
seals.
s. Whe
Wherere clea
cleanne
nnessss of ext
exteri
erior
or 8.5.10
8.5.1 0 Protec
Protective
tive adhesive papers
papers or plastic
plasticss are often used
to protect the finish of sheet stock and parts. These materials
surface
surf acess is imimpo
portrtan
ant,
t, ke
keep
ep ththee ite
item
m wr wrap
appe
pedd wi
with
th cl
clear
ear may
ma y ha
hard
rden
en or de deter
terio
iora
rate
te wh
whenen susubj
bject
ected
ed to prpres
essu
sure
re or
polyet
pol yethyl
hylene
ene or TFE-
TFE-fluofluoroc
rocarb
arbonon pla
plastic
stic she
sheet
et at all time
timess
except
exc ept whe
when n it is actu
actually
ally being wor worked
ked on. Avoi
Avoid d asp
asphal
halt-
t- sunlight, and damage the surface. These materials may also
containing materials. Canvas, adhesive paper or plastics such decompose in time to form substances as described in 8.5.3 8.5.3..
as po
polyly(v
(vin
inyl
yl ch
chlolori
ride
de)) may de decocomp
mpososee in tim
timee to foform
rm Protect
Pro tective
ive mat
materia
eriall sho
should
uld be remremove
ovedd whe
when n its fun
functio
ctionn is
corrosive substances, for example, when exposed to sunlight or comple
com plete
te or its concondit
dition
ion mon
monitor
itored
ed for decdecomp
omposi
ositio
tionn or
ultra
ultravi
viol
olet
et lig
light
ht.. Th
Thee rereus
usee of ca caps
ps,, pl
plug
ugs,
s, or papack
ckag
agin
ing
g deterioration until it is removed.
material
mate rialss sho
should
uld be avo avoide
idedd unl
unless
ess the
theyy hav
havee bee
beenn clea
cleaned
ned 8.6 Safety—Clea
Cleanin
ning g ope
operat
ration
ionss oft
often
en pre
presen
sentt num
numero
erous
us
prior to reuse. hazards to both personnel and facilities. [Material] Safety Data
8.5.
8.5.4
4 Cle
Clean
an st
stain
ainles
lesss ste
steel
el wiwire
re br
brus
ushe
hess an
andd ha
hand
nd totool
olss Sheets
She ets (MS
(MSDS/
DS/SDS
SDS)) sho
should
uld be con
consul
sulted
ted to dete
determi
rmine
ne the
before reuse on corrosion-resistant materials; if they have not hazards of handling specific chemicals.
been cleaned and if they could have been used on electrolyti- 8.6.1
8.6 .1 Precau
Precautio
tions
ns sha
shallll be tak
taken
en to proprotec
tectt per
person
sonnel
nel,,
cally different
different materials, the surf surfaces
aces contacted by the tools equipment,
equip ment, and faciliti
facilities.
es. This includ
includeses prov
provisions
isions for ventin
ventingg
should be acid-cleaned. The use of soft-face hammers or terne of explosive or toxic reaction-product gases, safe disposal of
(lead)-coated, galvanized, or unprotected carbon steel tables, used solutions,
solutions, prov
provision
ision of barrie
barriers
rs and warnin
warningg signs
signs,, prov
provi-
i-
jigs, racks, slings, or fixtures should be avoided (see 8.5.2
8.5.2).
). sions for saf
sions safee tran
transfe
sferr of dan
danger
gerous
ous che
chemic
micals,
als, and main
mainte-
te-
8.5.
8.5.5
5 If clo
close
se co
cont
ntro
roll of pa
part
rticu
iculat
latee co
conta
ntamin
minati
ation
on is nance of constant vigilance for hazards and leaks during the
required, particularly of internal surfaces, the latter stages of cleaning operation.
assembly and fabrication may have to be carried out in a clean 8.6.2
8.6.2 The physica
physicall cap
capabi
ability
lity of the item or sys
system
tem to be
room. For most large items, an air cleanliness class (see ISO cleaned, together with its foundations, to withstand the loads
14644-1 and ISO 14644-2) at the work surface of Class 8 (that produced by the additional weight of fluids used in the cleaning
is, a maximum of 3 520 000 per m 3 [100 000 per ft 3] particl
particles
es operati
ope ration,
on, sha
shall
ll be est
establ
ablish
ished
ed bef
before
ore the star
startt of clea
cleanin
ningg
0.5 µm [20 µin.] or larger suspended in the air) is probably operations.
sufficient. 8.6.3 Insof
Insofarar as possib
possible,
le, chemicals having explosive,
explosive, toxic,
or obnoxious fumes should be handled out of doors.
NOTE 6—C
6—Clean
lean room is a specia
specially
lly constructed
constructed enclos
enclosure
ure in which
8.6.4
8.6.4 The area in whi which
ch the cleaning
cleaning ope
operati
ration
on is bein
beingg
intake air is filtered so that the air at a work station contains no more than
a specified number of particles of a specified size; special personnel and conducted should be kept clean and free of debris at all times,
housekeeping procedures are required to maintain cleanness levels in a and should be cleaned upon completion of the operation.
clean room (see ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2).
8.7 Disposal of Used Solutions and Water—Federal, state,
8.5.6 Workme
orkmen n handl
handling
ing finished cleaned surfaces of criti- and local safety and water pollution control regulations should
cal items should wear clean lint-free cotton, nylon or dacron be con
consul
sulted
ted,, par
particu
ticular
larly
ly whe
whenn lar
large
ge vol
volume
umess of che
chemic
mical
al
cloth or polyethylene film gloves. Rubber or plastic gloves are soluti
solutions
ons mus
mustt be dis
dispos
posed
ed of. Con
Contro
trolled
lled rel
release
ease of lar
large
ge
suitabl
suitablee dur
during
ing pre
preclea
cleanin
ning
g ope
operat
ration
ionss or clea
cleanin
ning
g of non
non-- volumes of rinse water may be necessary to avoid damaging
critical surfa
surfaces.
ces. sewers or stream beds.

9
 A380/A380M − 17

9. Keyw
Keywords
ords
9.1 austen
austenitic
itic stainless steels; cleaning; corrosion;
corrosion; corrosive
service applications;
applications; descali
descaling;
ng; duple
duplexx stainle
stainless
ss steels; ferritic
stainless steels; martensitic stainless steels; pickling; stainless
steels

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. RECOMMEND
RECOMMENDA
ATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR ACID DESCALING (PICKLING) OF ST
STAINLESS
AINLESS STEEL
(See Table A1.1.
A1.1.)

A1.1 Whe
A1.1 Wherere size and shape
shape per
permit,
mit, immersio
immersion n in the acid heat treatment or by welding. Crevices resulting from inter-
solution is preferred; when immersion is not practicable, one of granul
granular
ar atta
attack
ck can col
collect
lect and con
concen
centra
trate
te hal
haloge
ogens
ns und
under
er
the following room-temperature methods may be used: service conditions or during cleaning or processing with certain
A1.1.1
A1.1. 1 For interior
interior surfaces, partially
partially fill item with solution chemicals; these halogens can cause stress-corrosion cracking.
and rock, rotate,
rotate, or cir
circul
culate
ate so tha
thatt all ins
inside
ide surfaces
surfaces are These alloys should generally not be acid-pickled while in the
thoroughly wetted. Keep surfaces in contact with acid solution sensitized condition. Consideration should be given to stabi-
unti
untill in
insp
spec
ectio
tion
n sh
show
owss th
that
at sc
scale
ale is cocomp
mple
letel
tely
y re
remo
move
ved.
d. lized or low-carbon grades if acid pickling after welding is
Additional exposure without agitation may be needed. Treat unavoidable.
exterior surfaces in accordance with A1.1.2
A1.1.2..
A1.4
A1 .4 Some
Some lalati
titu
tude
de is pe perm
rmis
issisibl
blee in ad
adju
just
stin
ing
g ac
acid
id
A1.1.2 Sur
A1.1.2 Surfac
faces
es tha
thatt can
cannot
not be pic
pickle
kled
d by filling the item concentrations,
concentrations, tempera
temperatures,
tures, and contac
contactt times. In gener
general,
al,
may be descaled by swabbing or spraying with acid solution lower values in this table apply to lower alloys, and higher
forr ab
fo abou
outt 30 min
min,, or ununtil
til in
insp
spect
ectio
ion
n sh
show
owss th
that
at sc
scale
ale is
values to higher alloys. Close control over these variables is
completely removed.
nece
necess
ssar
ary
y on
once
ce pr
prop
oper
er va
valu
lues
es ar
aree es
estab
tablis
lishe
hed
d in ororde
derr to
A1.2 Severe pitting
pitting may result from prolonged
prolonged exposure
exposure to preserve desired finishes or close dimensional tolerances, or
certain acid solutions
solutions if the solution becomes depleted
depleted or if the both.
concentration of metallic salts becomes too high as a result of
A1.5 Materi
Materials
als shall be degre
degreased
ased before acid pickling,
pickling, and
prolonged
prolonged use of the solutio
solution;
n; the concen
concentration
tration of iron shou
should
ld
shall be thoroughly rinsed after completion of pickling; pH of
not exceed 5 weight %; take care to prevent over-pickling.
final
final ririn
nse wa
wate
terr sh
sho
oul
uld
d be bebetw
twee
eenn 6 an
andd 8 foforr mo
most
st
A1.3 Nitric-
Nitric-hydr
hydrofluor
ofluoric ic acid solutions may inter
intergranu
granularly
larly applica
applicatio
tions,
ns, or 6.5 to 7.5 for crit
critical
ical app
applica
lication
tions.
s. Whe
Whenn
corrode certain alloys if they have been sensitized by improper applicable, materials may be vigorously brushed with hot water

TABLE A1.1 Acid Descaling (Pickling) of Stainless Steel

Treatment
AlloyA ConditionB C Time,
Code
Code Solu
Soluti
tion
on,, Vol
olum
ume,
e, % Temperature °C [°F]
Minutes
200, 300, and 400 Series, duplex, precipitation fully annealed only A H2SO4, 8–11 %D , Follow by 65–80 [150–180] 5–45E
hardening,
harden ing, and maragi
maraging
ng alloys (except free- treatment D or F, Annex A2,
A2,
machining alloys) as appropriate

200 and 300 Series, 400 Series containing Cr fully annealed only B HNO3, 15–25 % plus HF, 20–60 [70–140] 5–30E
16 % or more, duplex, and precip
precipitatio
itation-hard
n-hardening
ening 1–8 %F,G
alloys (except free-machining alloys)

All free-machining alloys and 400 Series fully annealed only C HNO3, 10–15 % plus HF, 20 (up to 60 with caution) 5–30E
containing less than Cr 16 % 0.5–1.5 %F,G [70–140]
A
This table is also applicable to the cast grades equivalent to the families of wrought materials listed.
B
Other heat treatments may be acceptable if proven by experience: see 5.2.1 5.2.1,, A2.4
A2.4,, and A2.5 for further information.
C
Solution prepared from reagents of following weight %: H 2SO4, 98 %; HNO 3, 67 %; HF, 70 %.
D
Tight scale may be removed by a dip in this solution for a few minutes followed by water rinse and nitric-hydrofluoric acid treatment as noted.
E
Minimum contact times necessary to obtain the desired surface should be used in order to prevent over-pickling. Tests should be made to establish correct procedures
for specific applications.
F
For reasons of conven
convenience
ience and handli
handling
ng safety, commercial
commercial formulations
formulations contai
containing
ning fluoride salts may be found useful in place of HF for preparing nitric-hydroflu
nitric-hydrofluoric
oric
acid solutions.
G
After pickling and water rinsing, an aqueous caustic permanganate solution containing NaOH, 10 weight % and KMnO 4, 4 weight %, 70 to 80°C [160 to 180°F], 5 to 60
min, may be used as a final dip for removal of smut, followed by thorough water rinsing and drying.

10
 A380/A380M − 17

and a bristle brush or with high-pressure water jet on comple- mended where possible. If acid pickling is unavoidable, parts
tion of pickling; an initial low pressure rinse to minimize acid should be heated at 120 to 150°C [250 to 300°F] for 24 h
splashing is permissible. To minimize staining, surfaces shall immediately following acid treatment to drive off the hydrogen
not be permitted to dry between successive steps of the acid and reduce the susceptibility to embrittlement.
descali
des caling
ng and rin
rinsin
sing
g pro
proced
cedure
ure.. Tho
Thorou
rough
gh dry
drying
ing sho
should
uld
follow the final water rinse. A1.7 Proper perso
personnel
nnel protection,
protection, includ
including
ing face shields
shields,,
rubber
rub ber glo
gloves
ves,, and rub
rubber
ber pro
protec
tective
tive clo
clothi
thing,
ng, mus
mustt be pro
pro--
A1.6
A1. 6 Har
Harden
denabl
ablee 400 Ser
Series
ies allo
alloys,
ys, mar
maragi
aging
ng allo
alloys,
ys, and vided
vided whe
when n han
handli
dling
ng acid
acidss and oth
other
er cor
corros
rosive
ive che
chemica
micals.
ls.
precipitation-hard
precipitation-hardening
ening alloys in the harden
hardened
ed condit
condition
ion are Adequate ventilation and strict personnel-access controls must
subject to hydrogen embrittlement or intergranular attack by
pickling
pickling acid
acids.
s. Des
Descali
caling
ng by mech
mechani
anical
cal meth
methods
ods is rec
recom-
om- be maintained in areas where such chemicals are being used.

A2. RECOMMEND
RECOMMENDA STAINLESS STEEL (See Table A2.1.)
ATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR ACID CLEANING OF STAINLESS A2.1.)

A2.1 Trea
Treatments
tments shown are generally
generally adequate for removal A2.5 Nitric-
Nitric-hydro
hydrofluori
fluoricc acid soluti
solutions
ons may inter
intergranu
granularly
larly
of contamination without seriously changing surface appear- corrode certain alloys if they have been sensitized by improper
ance of parts. Passivated parts should exhibit a clean surface heat treatment or by welding. Crevices resulting from inter-
and should show no etching, pitting, or frosting. The purchaser granul
granular
ar atta
attack
ck can col
collect
lect and con
concen
centrat
tratee hal
haloge
ogens
ns und
under
er
shall
shall spe
specif
cify
y whe
whethe
therr a slig
slight
ht dis
discol
colora
oration
tion is accaccepta
eptable
ble.. service conditions or during cleaning or subsequent processing;
Passivated parts should not exhibit staining attributable to the these halogens can cause stress-corrosion cracking. Such alloys
presence of free iron particles embedded in the surface when should not be cleaned with nitric-hydrofluoric acid solutions
subjected to one of the tests described in 7.2.5 or 7.3.4 7.3.4.. For while
whi le in the sen
sensiti
sitized
zed con
condit
dition
ion.. Con
Consid
sidera
eration
tion sho
should
uld be
specific requirements for items to be used in corrosive service given to use of stabilized or low-carbon alloys if this kind of
or wh
wher
eree su
surf
rfac
acee ap
appe
pear
aran
ance
ce is cr
criti
itical
cal,, tr
trial
ialss sh
shou
ould
ld be cleaning after welding is unavoidable.
conducted
condu cted to establ
establish
ish satisfa
satisfactory
ctory proce
procedures
dures..
A2.6 Sever
Severee pitting may resul
resultt from prolonged exposure
exposure to
A2.2 The hig
A2.2 high-c
h-carb
arbon
on and fre
free-m
e-mach
achini
ining
ng allo
alloys
ys may be cert
certai
ain
n ac
acid
idss if th
thee so
solu
luti
tion
on be
becocome
mess de
depl
plet
eted
ed or if ththee
subjectt to etching or discol
subjec discoloratio
oration
n in nitric acid. This tendency concentration of metallic salts becomes too high as a result of
can be minimized by the use of high acid concentrations with prolonged
prolo nged use of the soluti
solution;
on; the concen
concentration
tration of iron shoul
should
d
inhibitors such as Na2Cr2O7·2H2O or CuSO4·5H2O. Oxidizing not exceed 2 weight %; take care to avoid overexposure.
action increases with increasing concentration of nitric acid;
additional oxidizing action is provided by Na 2Cr2O7·2H2 O. A2.7 Nitric acid solutions are effective
effective for remov
removing
ing free
Avoid acid cleaning when possible; use mechanical cleaning iron
iron and othother
er met
metalli
allicc con
contam
taminat
ination
ion,, but are not ef
effec
fective
tive
follow
followed
ed by scrscrubb
ubbing
ing with hot watwater
er and dete
deterg
rgent
ent,, fina
finall agains
aga instt sca
scale,
le, hea
heavy
vy dep
deposi
osits
ts of cor
corros
rosion
ion pro
produc
ducts,
ts, tem
temper
per
thorough water rinsing and drying. films, or greasy or oily contaminants. Refer to Annex A1 for
recommended practices where scale, heavy deposits of corro-
A2.3 Inh
A2.3 Inhibi
ibitor
torss may not alw
always
ays be req
requir
uired
ed to main
maintain
tain
brig
bright
ht fin
finis
ishe
hess on 20
200
0 anand
d 30
300
0 Se
Seri
ries
es,, ma
mara
ragi
ging
ng,, an
andd sion products, or heat-temper
Use conventional discoloration
degreasing methods must be
for removal of removed.
greasy or
precipitation-hardening alloys. oil contaminants before any acid treatment.
A2.4 Harden
Hardenable
able 400 Series
Series,, maragi
maraging,
ng, and precip
precipitation
itation-- A2.8
A2. 8 The citr
citric
ic acid
acid-so
-sodiu
diumm nit
nitrate
rate treatment
treatment is the lea
least
st
harden
har dening
ing allo
alloys
ys in the har
harden
deneded con
condit
dition
ion are sub
subject
ject to hazardous for remov
hazardous removalal of free iron and other metallic contami-
hydrogen embrittlement or intergranular attack when exposed natio
na tion
n and lig
light
ht su
surf
rface
ace con
contam
tamina
inatio
tion.
n. Sp
Spray
rayin
ing
g of the
to acids that can cause the generation of hydrogen on the item solution, as compared to immersion, tends to reduce cleaning
being
bein g clea
cleaned
ned.. Clea
Cleanin
ning
g by mech
mechanic
anical
al meth
methods
ods or othother
er time.
chemic
che micalal met
metho
hods
ds is re
reco
comme
mmend nded
ed.. If aci
acid
d tre
treatm
atmenentt is
unavoidable, parts should be heated at 120 to 150°C [250 to A2.9
A2 .9 Some
Some la lati
titu
tude
de is pe
perm
rmis
issi
sibl
blee in ad
adju
just
stin
ing
g ac
acid
id
300°F] for 24 h immediately following acid cleaning to drive concentrations, temperatures, and contact times; close control
off hydrogen and reduce susceptibility to embrittlement. The over these variables is essential once proper values have been
cleaning methods described in Parts II and III of Table A2.1 established. Care shall be taken to prevent acid depletion and
will not lead to the generation of hydrogen on hardenable 400 buildup of metallic salt concentrations with prolonged use of
Series,
Ser ies, mar
maragi
aging,
ng, and pre
precip
cipitat
itation
ion-ha
-harde
rdenin
ning
g allo
alloys
ys in the solutions. In general, increasing the treatment temperature may
hardened condition. Therefore, the post-cleaning thermal treat- accelerate or improve the overall cleaning action but it may
ment is not required when these solutions are used for cleaning. also increase the risk of surface staining or damage.

11
 A380/A380M − 17
TABLE A2.1 Acid Cleanin
Cleaning
g of Stainl
Stainless
ess Steel
Treatment
Alloy Condition A Time,
Code
Code Solu
Soluti
tion
on,, Vol
olum
ume
e% Temperature °C [°F]
MinutesB
PART I—Cleaning with Nitric-Hydrofluoric Acid

Purpose—For use after descaling by mechanical or other chemical methods as a further treatment to remove residual particles of scale or products of chemical action
(that is, smut), and to produce a uniform “white pickled” finish.

200 and 300 Series, 400 Series containing Cr fully annealed only D HNO3, 6–25 % plus HF, 20–60 [70–140] as necessary
16 % or more, duplex, and precip
precipitatio
itation-hard
n-hardening
ening 0.5–8 %C,D
alloys (except free-machining alloys).

Free-machining alloys, maraging alloys, and 400 fully annealed only E HNO3, 10 % plus HF, 20 (up to 60 with caution) 1–2
Series containing less than Cr 16 %. 0.5–1.5 %C,D [70–140]

PART II—Cleaning-Passivation with Nitric Acid Solution (see also Specification A967/A967M for additional passivation methods)

Purpose—For removal of solubl

solublee salts, corrosion
corrosion products, and free iron and other metall
metallic
ic contamination
contamination resulting from handli
handling,
ng, fabrication,
fabrication, or exposu
exposure
re to contam
contami-
i-
nated atmospheres (see 6.2.11
6.2.11)).

200 and 300 Series, 400 Series, duplex, precipita- annealed, cold-rolled, F HNO3, 20–50 %D 50–70 [120–160] 10
tion hardening and maraging alloys containing Cr thermally-hardened, or 20–40 [70–100] 30
16 % or more (except free-machining alloys). E work-hardened, with
dull or non-reflective
surfaces

SameE annealed, cold-rolled, G HNO3, 20–40 % plus 50–70 [120–160] 10

thermally hardened, or Na2Cr2O7·2H2O, 2–6 20–40 [70–100] 30
work-hardened with weight %D
bright-machined or pol-
ished surfaces

400 Series, maraging and precipitation-hardening annealed or hardened H HNO3, 20–50 % 45–55 [110–130] 20
alloys containing less than Cr 16 % high-carbon- with dull or non reflec- 20–40 [70–100] 60
straight Cr alloys (except free-machining alloys)E tive surfaces

SameE annealed or hardened I HNO3, 20–25 % plus 50–55 [120–130] 15

with bright
bright machin
machined
ed Na2Cr2O7·2H2O, 2–6 20–40 [70–100] 30
or polished surfaces weight %F

200, 300, and 400 Series free-machining alloys. E annealed or hardened, J HNO3, 20–50 % plus 20–50 [70–120] 25
with bright
bright machin
machined
ed Na2Cr2O7·2H2O, 2–6
or polished surfaces weight %F,G

SameE same K HNO3, 1–2 % plus 50–60 [120–140] 10H

Na2Cr2O7·2H2O, 1–5
weight %

SameE same L HNO3, 12 % plus 50–60 [120–140] 10

CuSO4·5H2O, 4 weight %F

Special free-m
Special free-machini
achining
ng 400 Series alloys with annealed or hardened M HNO3, 40–60 % plus 50–70 [120–160] 20
more than Mn 1.25 % or more than S 0.40 %E with bright
bright machin
machined
ed Na2Cr2O7·2H2O, 2–6
or polished surfaces weight %F

PART III—Cleaning with Other Chemical Solutions

Purpose—General cleaning.

200, 300, and 400 Series (except free-machining full

fully
y an
anne
neal
aled
ed on
only
ly N citric
citric ac
acid
id,, 1 we
weig
ight
ht % pl
plus
us 20 [70] 60
alloys), duplex, precipitation hardening and marag- NaNO3, 1 weight %
ing alloys

Same same O ammonium citrate, 5–10 50–70 [120–160] 10–60

weight %

Assemblies of stainless and carbon steel (for sensitized P inhibited solution of hydroxy- 95 [200] 6h
example,
exampl e, heat exchanger with stainl
stainless
ess steel tubes acetic acid, 2 weight % and
and carbon steel shell) formic acid, 1 weight %

12
 A380/A380M − 17
LE A2.1 Continued
TABLE
TAB
Same same Q inhibited ammonia up to 120 [250] 6h
neutralized solution of EDTA
(ethylene-diamene-
tetraacetic acid) followed by
hot water rinse and dip in
solution of 10 ppm
ammonium hydroxide plus
100 ppm hydrazine
A
Solution prepared from reagen
Solution reagentsts of follow
following
ing weight %: HNO3, 67 %; HF, 70 %.
B
Minimum,
Minimu m, unless range is indica
indicated
ted
C
For reasons of convenience and handling safety, commercial formulations containing fluoride salts may be found useful in place of HF for preparing nitrichydrofluoric
acid solutions.
D
After acid cleaning and water rising, a caustic permanganate solution containing NaOH, 10 weight %, and KMnO4, 4 weight %, 70 to 80°C [160 to 180°F], 5 to 60 min,
may be used as a final dip for removal of smut, followed by thorough water rinsing and drying.
E
The purchaser shall have the option of specifying in his purchase documents that all 400 Series ferritic or martensitic parts receive additional treatment as follows: Within
1 h after the water rinse following the specified passivation treatment, all parts shall be immersed in an aqueous solution containing 4 to 6 weight % Na 2Cr2O7 · 2H2O,
at 60 to 70°C [140 to 160°F], 30 min. This immersion shall be followed by thorough rinsing with clean water. The parts then shall be thoroughly dried.
F
See A2.2
A2.2..
G
If flash attack (clouding of stainless steel surface) occurs, a fresh (clean) passivating solution or a higher HNO 3 concentration will usually eliminate it.
H
Shorter times may be acceptable where established by test and agreed upon by the purchaser.

A2.10 Materi
Materials
als shall be degreased before
before acid treatme
treatment,
nt, A2.11 Prope
A2.11 Properr perso
personnel
nnel protection,
protection, includ
including
ing face shields
shields,,
and
an d sh
shall
all be th thor
orou
ough
ghly
ly ri
rins
nsed
ed af
after
ter co
comp
mple
letio
tion
n of ac acid
id rubber
rub ber glo
gloves
ves,, and rub
rubber
ber pro
protec
tective
tive clo
clothi
thing,
ng, mus
mustt be pro
pro--
treatment; pH of final rinse water should be between 6 and 8 vided
vided whe
when n han
handli
dling
ng acid
acidss and oth
other
er cor
corros
rosive
ive che
chemica
micals.
ls.
for most applications, or 6.5 to 7.5 for critical applications. Adequate
Adequ ate ventil
ventilation
ation and strict personnel
personnel access controls must
When applicable, materials may be vigorously brushed with be maintained where such chemicals are being used.
hot water and a bristle brush or with high-pressur
high-pressuree water jet on
completion of pickling; an initial low pressure rinse to mini- A2.12 Picklin
Picklingg and cleanin
cleaningg or passiv
passivating
ating solutions
solutions con-
mize acid spl
splash
ashing
ing is per
permis
missib
sible.
le. To min
minimiz
imizee stai
stainin
ning,
g, taining
taining ni
nitr
tric
ic ac
acid
id wi
will
ll se
seve
vere
rely
ly att
attack
ack car
carbo
bon
n st
steel
eel ite
items
ms
surfaces shall not be permitted to dry between successive steps including the carbon steel in stainless steel-clad assemblies.
of the aci
acid
d clea
cleanin
ningg or pas
passiv
sivatio
ation
n and rin
rinsin
sing
g pro
proced
cedure
ure..
Thorough drying should follow the final water rinse.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committ
Comm ittee
ee A0
A01
1 ha
hass id
iden
entifi
tified
ed th
thee lo
loca
catio
tion
n of se
selec
lected
ted ch
chan
ange
gess to th
this
is st
stan
anda
dard
rd sin
since
ce th
thee la
last
st iss
issue
ue
(A380/A380M – 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2017/)

(1) Fed. Std 209E replaced by ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2 (5) Removed contents of previous 7.2.5 and placed them in
due to its cancellation. new 7.2.1.1.
(2) 5.2.2 and 6.2.11 precleaning made a requirement in accor- (6) Revised 7.2.5.1 and 7.2.5.3.
dance with A1.5 and A2.10. (7) Added duplex grades to Tables A1.1 and A2.1.
(3) Re
Revis
vised
ed 5.2
5.2.2
.2 and add
added
ed new 5.2
5.2.3.
.3. Ren
Renumb
umbere
ered
d sub
subse-
se- (8) Added low press
pressure
ure initial rinse option and reduc
reduced
ed scrub-
quent sections accordingly. bing requirement in A1.5 and A2.10.
(4) Revised 6.2.11 and added new 6.2.12. (9) Changed time spans to minimums in Table A2.1 Part II.

ASTM International
International takes no positi
position
on respecting the validi
validity
ty of any patent rights assert
asserted
ed in connec
connection
tion with any item mentio
mentioned
ned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible
respon sible technical
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv
received
ed a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This States.
United standard is copyrighted
Individual by ASTM
reprints (singleInternational, 100 Barr
or multiple copies) of Harbor Drive, PO
this standard mayBox
be C700, West
obtained byConshohocken, PA at
contacting ASTM 19428-2959,
the above
address
address or at 610-
610-832-
832-9585
9585 (pho
(phone),
ne), 610-
610-832-
832-9555
9555 (fax
(fax),
), or serv
service@
ice@astm
astm.org
.org (e-m
(e-mail)
ail);; or thro
through
ugh the ASTM webswebsite
ite
(www.astm.
(www .astm.org).
org). Permission
Permission rights to photocopy the standastandard
rd may also be secure
secured
d from the Copyri
Copyright
ght Clearance Center,
Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

13