Handout-1 Terminology For Esimating, Costing and Tendering

ESTIMATION &
COSTING
tsheringtobgyel.cst@rub.edu.bt,
College of Science & Technology
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Esimating & Costing,
Complete Structure of Estimate(Factors)
Cost of main contract Engineering Miscellaneous viz
Cost of Land or material, labour, Fees Transportation cost of
and supervision owner with his parties
Cost of legal expenses Contingency 5% Permit fee for water
Required between the of the work and electricity
owner and the contractor for extra works during construction
Cost for preparation of plan, design, Cost of supervision work

estimate and sanction fee
Cost of surveying Defaulting taxes of land, street

improvement if any
First cost or actual Cost of examination of deeds, title of
cost of land land and execution of deeds
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Definition of Estimate
An estimate is a computation or calculation of the

quantities required and expenditure likely to be
incurred in the construction of a work. The estimate is
the probable cost of a work and is determined
theoretically by mathematical calculation
based on the plans and drawing and current rates.
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Recommendation for degree of accuracy in
measurements
➢ Dimensions of works shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.01 m.

➢ Thickness of R.C. works shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.0005
m.
➢ Areas of works shall be calculated to the nearest 0.01 m2.
➢ Volumes of work shall be calculated to the nearest 0.01 m3.
➢ Volumes of wood shall be calculated to the nearest 0.001 m3.
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What are the types of estimate?
1. Cube Rate Estimate or Cubical Content Estimate (Rough cost

estimate based on cubic contents)
2. Revised Estimate
3. Supplementary Estimate
4. Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
5. Plinth area estimate(Rough cost estimate based on plinth area).
6. Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate
7. Annual Repair or Maintenances Estimate
8. Special repair estimate.
9. Preliminary Estimate or Rough cost estimate or Approximate
estimate.
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Cubic Contents Estimate (Based on Rough Cost)
The cubic contents of a building means plinth area x height of the building. The height is taken
from top of floor level to top of roof.
The cubic contents of the proposed building are multiplied with cubic rates arrived at for the
similar construction i.e. total cost of construction divided by cubic contents = cost per cubic
metre. Documents attached are as in Plinth area Estimate (Based on Rough Cost)
(Administrative approval is granted on rough cost estimate)
Revised estimate
When the sanctioned estimate exceeds by 5% either due to the rate being found insufficient or
due to some other reasons, a fresh estimate is prepared which is called a Revised Estimate. A
comparative statement on the last page of the estimate is attached giving there in the reasons of
the increase of cost in case of each item.
Supplementary Estimate
This is fresh detailed estimate in addition to the original sanctioned estimate prepared when
additional works are deemed necessary during the progress of a work to supplement the original
works. The abstract of cost should show the amount of the original sanctioned estimate as well as
the supplementary amount of the original sanctioned estimate as well as the supplementary
amount for which sanction is required.
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Preliminary or Approximate or rough estimate
This estimate is prepared to decide financial aspect, policy and to give idea of the cost
of the proposal to the competent sanctioning authority. It should clearly show the
necessity of the proposal and how the cost has been arrived at.
The calculations for approximate estimate can be done with the following data. The
data can be had from a similar construction already complete in the nearby area,
executed by the department.
For example: To calculate approximate estimate for a Hospital, per bed cost is
calculated from the recent completed hospital and is multiplied with the number of beds
required. Similarly for a house, per square meter plinth area is calculated and is
multiplied with the proposed covered area. The specifications should also be same. For
a road, expenditure of per kilometer length is taken, width also plays the role.
The following documents should be attached with it.

(a) Detailed report.
(b) Site plan of the proposal.
(c) It should also clearly mention about the acquisition of land, Provision of
electric and water supply etc.
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Plinth area Estimate (Based on Rough Cost)
Plinth area of a building means Length x Breadth ( roofed portion only ) excluding plinth offsets.
The estimates are prepared on the basis of plinth areas of the various buildings proposed to be
constructed. The rates are being arrived at the dividing the total cost of construction with its
plinth area. For example if total cost of a building is Rs. 2 lac and its plinth area is 50 sq. m. then
plinth area rate =2,00,000 = Rs.4000/- per sq.m. Using this rate as basis of the next construction,
approximate or rough cost of the proposal can be arrived at by multiplying the plinth area of the
proposed building with this plinth area rate.
The following documents are attached with the estimate.

(a) Line plan with brief specifications.
(b) Cost of various services added i.e. electric and water supply etc.
(c) North line should be shown clearly on line plan.
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Detailed Estimate
After getting Administrative approval on rough cost estimate, detailed estimates are prepared.
In this, the estimate is divided in to sub-heads and quantities of various items are calculated
individually.
In the end of the detailed quantities, an abstract of cost giving quantities of each item and rate of
every item according to the sanctioned schedule of rates shall be attached. In case of non-
schedule rates i.e. rates which are not given in the sanctioned schedule of rates, proper analysis of
rates shall be attached. If however the work proposed to be constructed is located in a remote
place, the provision for the carriage of the material shall be added in the estimate to avoid any
excess over the administratively approved estimate later on. Detailed specifications & report
should also be attached with the estimate. Technical sanction is given on detailed estimate.
The detailed estimate shall also provide for the cost of approach road, water supply, electric
installations and acquisition of land etc. so as to call it a comprehensive estimate
Annual repair estimate

In order to keep building and roads in perfect condition, annual repairs should be carried out as
follow:-
(i) In case of a building-white washing, oiling and painting of doors and windows, cement plaster
repairs (inside & outside), repairs of floors etc. In no case this annual repair amount should
increase more that 1.5% to 2% of the capital cost of the building.
(ii) In case of a road-filling patches, maintenance of berms etc.
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Special repair estimate
If the work cannot be carried out of the annual repair funds due to certain reasons resulting in the
genuine increase in cost, then special repairs estimate is to be prepared.
The reason of increase may be:-
(i) In case of a building-opening of new doors, change of floors, replastering walls etc.
(ii) In case of roads-if the whole surface is full of corrugation & patches, then the total surface is
to be scarified. The old metal is taken out, consolidation by adding more metal is done and top
surface is repainted.
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METHODS OF TAKING OUT ESTIMATES
The calculations of quantities of materials can be done using various methods of estimates. The
application of an individual method depends upon the design and shape of the building. The
different methods are as under:
1. Centre line method.
2. Crossing method.
3. Out to out and in to in /separate/individual/ long wall short wall method.
4. Bay method.
5. Service unit method.
1. Centre line method

This method is suitable only if the offsets are symmetrical and the building is more or less
rectangular in shape. The centre line of the building is determined carefully after doing
deductions for repeated measurements (as explained in the class problem). This centre line acts
as length for the complete calculations of the estimate. If the deduction is not cared for the results
of estimates may be wrong. All the walls should have the same section.
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2. Crossing Method
In this method, lengths and breadths of the masonry walls at plinth level are taken (internal
dimension of the room + thickness of the walls) for calculating quantities. The symmetrical
offsets are a must as in the case of centerline method.
3. Out to out & in to in Method (L/wall S/wall )

This method is most practicable under all circumstances and is generally followed in the P.W.D.
for computing the quantities of various items. The estimation in this book has been done using
this method.
4. Bay Method
This method is useful and is generally followed in case of building having several bays. The cost
of the one class room is worked out and then multiplied by the number of bays in that building.
The extra cost of the end walls and difference in framing. If there is any, should be made, so as to
arrive at the correct cost.
5. Service Unit Method.

This method is followed in cases such as school building where there are so many class rooms.
The cost of one class room is worked out and then multiplied by the number of class rooms to be
constructed. In case of Hospitals, the service
College of unit is&aTechnology
Science bed, in case of Water Tank, it is a litre and
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in case of Cinema Hall, the service unit is Esimating
a seat. & Costing,
DETAILED ESTIMATE
• It is the accurate estimate prepared by working out quantities of
each items of work.
• It is prepared in two stages –
– Details of measurements and calculation of quantities.
– Abstract of estimated cost – 3% to 5% of estimated cost is added to
• cover miscellaneous expenditure
• Detailed estimate is prepared work-wise.
• Detailed estimate consists of –
– Report
– General Specifications
– Detailed specifications
– Drawings
– Calculation and designs
– Analysis of rates
• Detailed estimate is prepared for technical sanction, for arranging contract and for
execution of project.
TERMINOLOGY ADOPTED
IN ESTIMATES
CONTD
• Contingencies – Indicates incidental expenses of
miscellaneous character which cannot be
classified under any distinct item. (3% to 5% of
the estimated cost is provided to allow for
contingencies)
• Work-charged Establishment – Work-charged
employees are temporary staff whose services
are terminated at the expiry of sanctioned period
but usually one month notice is given. (1.5% to
2% of the estimated cost is added)
CONTD
• Tools and Plants – Normally contractor has to
arrange tools and plants. (1% to 1.5% of
estimated cost is provided)
• Centage charges or Departmental charges –
Also known as Supervision charges for works.
To meet the expenses of establishment,
designing, planning, supervision etc. (10% to
15% of the estimated cost) . When engineering
department takes up work of other department.
REPORT
• Report gives brief information of whole project .
It should consist of the following :
➢ Brief history (with proposal)
➢ Necessity and feasibility of project
➢ Selection of site
➢ Survey
➢ Brief description of works
➢ Nature of soil, topography of land etc.
➢ Basis of design calculations
CONTD
➢ Arrangement for water supply, sanitation and
electrical installations etc.
➢ Roads and drains
➢ Temporary accommodations for staff, labour etc
included in misc.
➢ Manner of execution
➢ Total cost and how to be financed
➢ Return or revenue income
➢ Rent statement
➢ Time of execution
CONTD
Sub-Head items of work – Works like earthwork,
concrete work, brick work etc. Under
each sub head there are different items of
work.
Sub-Work – Large project may consist of small
buildings.
Detailed estimate of each sub-work is prepared
separately.
CONTD
Schedule of Rates – It is a list of rate of various
items of works maintained by engineering
department under the name “ Bhutan
schedule of rates ” . “Building and roads”
maintained by MoWHS.
Administrative Sanction/ Approval – It is the formal
acceptance by the department concerned of
the proposal. After the approval, design,
estimates etc. are prepared and thereafter
execution of work.
CONTD
Expenditure Sanction – It represents
allotment of money to meet the expenditure.
It is usually accorded by Finance
Department.
Technical Sanction – It is the sanction of the
detailed estimate, design calculation,
quantities of work etc. Technical
sanction is accorded by engineering
department and execution of work is
carried out thereafter.
CONTD
Quantity Survey – It means estimating of
quantities of different items of works.
Plinth Area – It is the built up covered area of
a building measured at floor level of any
storey by taking external dimensions of
the building at the floor level.
CONTD
Floor Area – It is obtained after deducting area of
walls from the plinth area of building. It should
include:
– Door and other openings
– Intermediate pillars and supports
Circulation Area – It is the floor area of verandahs,
passages, corridors, balconies, staircases, lift
etc. which are used for movements of persons
using the building. It is further classified into
Horizontal and Vertical .
CONTD
Carpet Area – It is the useful area of the
building. It is determined after deducting :
– Circulation Area
– Sanitary Accommodations
– Kitchen, Pantry, Stores
– For office building approximate 60% to 75% of
plinth area
– For residential buildings approximate 50% to 65%
of plinth area
CONTD
Site Plan – Plan showing orientation of building,
boundaries of
– land, position of roads, drains, sewer line, water
pipe lines and
– adjoining plots of lands. North direction is also
shown on one corner of site plan)
Layout Plan –
– Plan showing proposed buildings, structures etc.
showing their locations, size and orientations.
CONTD
– Roads, drains, pipe lines , electric lines, parks etc are
shown.
– The boundary, main approach roads and adjoining
areas are also indicated.
Index Plan –
– Plan is usually drawn for Roads, Irrigation, Water
supply etc.
– It shows alignment with position of culverts, main
outline of whole work to give idea of the project
– For big project it is drawn with much small scale and
is known as key plan
Detail items of work for Building estimates include:
❑ Earthwork ❑ WARE SUPPLY AND SANITATION
❑ FOUNDATION ❑ DOORS AND WINDOWS
❑ P.C.C WORKS ❑ ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND
❑ R.C.C BEAM FITTINGS
❑ R.C.C SLAB ❑ POINTING
❑ R.C.C COLUMN
❑ SEPTIC TANK
❑ R.C.C RETAINING WALL
❑ BRICK MASONRY
❑ SCAFFOLDING
❑ PAINTING, DISTEMPERING AND WHITE WASHING
❑ PLASTERING
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Main items of work for Building estimates:
Earthwork in filling
(a) For foundation filling:
(b) Plinth filling:
Concrete in foundation:
Soling:
Damp Proof Course:
Masonry:
R.C.C work:
Centering and shuttering (Form work):
Flooring:
Plastering:
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Main items in building work:
Sl. Particulars Unit Remarks
No.
1 Earthwork Cum Earthwork in excavation and in filling should be taken out separately under different
types. Foundation trenches are usually dug to the exact width of foundation with
vertical sides.
2 Bed concrete in foundation Cum It is calculated by taking length, breadth and thickness of concrete bed.
3 Soiling sqm When the soil is soft, one layer of brick or stone is laid below the bed concrete.
4 Damp proof course Cum It is a course provided at the plinth level under the wall for the full width of plinth
wall. It is not provided at the sill of door and verandah openings for which deduction
is made which calculating length of D.P.C.
5 Masonry stone or brick Cum Masonry for foundation and plinth is taken under one item and masonry for
superstructure is taken under separate item. In case of wall footing, masonry for steps
is calculated separately and added together. In buildings having more one floor, the
masonry for superstructure for each floor is computed separately. Deductions for
openings like lintels, doors, windows, cupboards, etc. is done. Thin partition walls of
thickness less than 10 cm, honeycomb brickwork is taken under separate item in
square meter and no deduction for holes is done.
6 R. C. C. works Cum R.C.C. Work is calculated for beams, lintels, columns, footing, slabs etc. No
deduction for steel is done while calculating the quantity of concrete, which includes
centering, shuttering and fixing of reinforcement in position. Reinforcement (quantity
of steel) is taken under separate item.
7 Reinforcement Ton The reinforcement quantity is taken off from detail drawing and bar bending
schedule. If detail drawings are not available 0.8 to 3% of concrete may be taken by
volumes as a quantity of steel which is further multiplied by density.
8 Flooring Sqm/Cum For grounds floor, cement concrete and floor finishing of stone, marble or mosaic
tiles taken under one item and quantity is calculated in square meter. For upper
floors, bed of R.C.C. is taken cubic meter and other member is calculated in cubic
meter.
Continued:
9 Roof Cum/Sqm In case of roof, flat roofs are calculated in cubic meter like slab and for pitched roof.
Quantity of trusses and other members is calculated in cubic meter. In case of
roofing material tiles, G.I. sheets or A.C. sheets are measured in square meter. Tiles
on hip and valley are measured running meter.
10 Plastering and pointing Sqm Plastering is expressed with specified thickness. For masonry the measurements are
taken for whole face of wall for both sides as solid and deduction for openings are
made. External and internal plastering for building are taken out separately, under
different items.
11 Doors and Windows Cum/Squm It consists of frame and shutter. Doors and windows framers are calculated in cubic
meter. Quantity is obtained by calculating length including jamb, head and sill and
multiplied by cross-section of frame. Doors and window shutters are calculated in
square meter. Shutter of different types should be taken separately because the rates
differ. Hold-fast are taken as a separate item.
12 Painting, Varnishing,
white washing and Sqm
distempering
13 Electrification LS Generally 8% of estimated cost of building works is taken for this item.
14 Sanitary and water LS Generally 8% of estimated cost of building works is taken for this item.
supply works
What are the methods of measurements of earthwork?
The work shall be measured as given below
• Each dimension shall measured nearest to 0.01
• Area shall be worked out nearest to 0.01 𝑀2
• Volume shall be worked out nearest to 0.01 𝑀3
What are methods to be adopted for volume

calculating?
• From cross-section
• From spot level
• From contours
What are the types of culvert?

i) Arch culvert ii) Slab culvert iii) Pipe culvert iv) Box culvert
What are the main components of culvert?

Abutments Wing walls Arch
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Define quantity surveyor
A qualified or experienced person who does the above mentioned works (taking
off, squaring, abstracting and billing) is called a quality surveyor.
Write the duties of quantity surveyor.

❑ Preparing bill of quantities (Taking off, squaring, Abstracting and billing)
❑ Preparing bills for part payments at intervals during the execution of work.
❑ Preparing bill of adjustment in the case of variations ordered during the execution of work.
❑ Giving legal advice in case of court proceedings.
Write the essential qualities of a good surveyor.

• The quality surveyor must be will versed with the drawings of work.
• He should be able to read the drawing correctly and bill the qualities accurately.
• He should have a through knowledge of the construction procedure to be
adopted, the various items of works involved in the execution: and the different
materials to be used in the work.
• He should be able to prepare schedule to be priced by tenderer.
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Define floor area
It defined as covered area i.e plinth area excluding area of walls (generally 10%
- 15%) sills of the doors are not included in floor area. The floor area of very storey
shall be measured separately.
Define Carpet Area

This means area in a building which is useful one i.e. area of drawing room,
dining room bedroom etc. Areas of kitchens, staircase, stores, verandahs, entrance
hall, bathroom, basement etc. are excluded. It is generally 50% to 60% of the plinth
area.
Define Plinth area

It is defined area of a building measured at floor level. It is measured by taking
external dimensions excluding plinth offset if any.
What are the methods of taking our estimates?

• Center line method
• Crossing method
• Out to Out and in to in method
• Bay method
• Service unit method
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SPECIFICATIONS
Specification: A specification is a specific description of a particular subject. specifies
or describes the nature and the class of the work, materials to be used in the work,
workmanship etc. and is very important for the execution of the work. The cost of a
work depends much on the specifications.
Necessity of specifications:
❑ The cost of an unit quantity of work is govern by its specifications.
❑ Required to describe the quality and quantity of different materials required for a
construction work and is one of the essential contract document.
❑ A work is carried out according to its specification and the contractor is paid for the
same.
Specification includes:
a) Description of materials
b) Workmanship
c) Tools and plants
d) Protection of new work
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General specifications of a first class building:
1. Foundation and plinth: Brickwork in foundation and plinth shall be of the first
class brick in cement mortar over cement concrete.
2. Filling: Foundation trenches and plinth shall be filled up with course sand.
3. D.P.C: shall be 2.5 cm thick cement concrete. Mix ratio is 1 : 1.5: 3
4. Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of the first class brickwork in cement
mortar.
5. Flooring: Mosaic flooring shall be provided in to all floors including staircase.
6. Roofing: The roof shall be 10 cm R.C.C Slab with 10 cm average lime terracing
over it.
7. Finishing: Inside and outside shall be 12mm cement plastered. The inside of
drawing, dining and bed rooms shall be distempered and rest portions
white washed three coats.The outside shall be color washed over three
coats of white wash.
8. Doors and windows: Doors and windows frames shall be of seasoned teak wood
and shutters of 3cm thick wood paneling, Brass fitting shall be provided.
Doors andwindows shall be varnished with French polish.
9. Miscellaneous: Rain water pipes shall be of Asbestos cement or cast iron,
finished with paint. All sanitary, water supply and electrical fittings shall
be of first class materials.
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What is in TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR GENERAL BUILDING WORK include:
1.0 EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK :
1.1 GENERAL
1.2 EXAMINE THE SITE
1.3 SETTING OUT
1.4 GROUND LEVEL AND SITE LEVEL
1.5 EXCAVATION & PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION FOR CONCRETE

1.6 SHORING
1.7 PROTECTION
1.8 STACKING OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
1.9 BACKFILLING
1.10 DEWATERING
1.11 SURPLUS EXCAVATED MATERIALS:
1.12 RATES TO INCLUDE FOR EXCAVATION ITEMS
1.13 MEASUREMENT FOR EXCAVATION
1.14 RATES TO INCLUDE FOR BACKFILLING ITEM
ii) Earth filling in Plinth tsheringtobgyel.cst@rub.edu.bt,
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2.0 CONCRETE
2.1 GENERAL
A.1 SUPERVISION
A.2 APPROVAL OF CONCRETING ARRANGEMENT ETC.
A.3 SAMPLE AND TESTS
A.4 REJECTED MATERIALS
A.5 LOADING OF FLOOR SLABS
A.6 ORDINATION
A.7 INSERTS TO CONCRETE
A.8 EQUIPMENT
2.B MATERIALS
B.1 CEMENT
B.2 AGGREGATE
B.3 FINE AGGREGATE : SAND
B.4 COARSE AGGREGATE
B.5 WATER
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2.C MIXING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE
C.1 CEMENT
C.2 AGGREGATE
C.3 WATER
C.4 MIXING OF CONCRETE
C.5 TRANSPORTING, PLACING, COMPACTION AND CURING OF
CONCRETE
C.6 TRANSPORTING
C.7 DROPPING OF CONCRETE
C.8 DEBRIS ETC. REMOVED
C.9 PROTECTION AND PLACING IN LAYERS
C.10 COMPACTION
C.11 CONTINUOUS CONCRETING
C.12 PACKING ROUND REINFORCEMENT
C.13 CURING
C.14 TRAINED SUPERVISOR
2.D CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
D.1 GENERAL
D.2 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN SUPERSTRUCTURES :
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2.E EXPANSION JOINTS:
2.F TESTS FOR CONCRETE
TEST CUBES
2.G VIBRATION OF CONCRETE :
2.I CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE OF LOWER OR HIGHER STRENGTH
THAN SPECIFIED :
2.J WATERTIGHT CONCRETE :
J.1 SAMPLE SIZE AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA :
J.2 CEMENT CONCRETE MUDMAT
J.3 WATERPROOF OF CONCRETE
2.K FORM WORK
K.1 MATERIALS AND DESIGN
K.2 WATER TIGHTNESS :
K.3 CLEANING AND TREATMENT OF FORMS
K.4 STRIPPING
K.5 STRIPPING TIME
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K.6 FORMWORK IN LIFTS FOR CONTINUOUS SURFACE :
K.7 POROCEDURE WHILE REMOVING THE FORMWORK :
K.8 TOLERANCE
2.L DEFECTIVE OR POOR CONCRETE - PROCEDURE FOR DEALING WITH
L.1 GENERAL
L.2 WHERE CONCRETE IN STRUCTURE IS ALLOWED TO BE RETAINED
L.3 CONCRETE ORDERED TO BE DISMANTLED
L.4 CONCRETE RETAINED WITH RECTIFICATION
L.5 QUALITY OF DEFECTVE CONCRETE REPRESENTED BY CUBES
L.6 HONEY COMBING
L.7 LOAD TESTING
L.8 OTHER DEFECTS
2.M CONTRACTOR'S RATES TO INCLUDE
2.N STEEL REINFORCEMENT
N.1 MILD STEEL BARS
N.2 HIGH STRENGTH DEFORMED BARS
N.3 CLEANING OF REINFORCEMENT
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N.4 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT
N.5 CUTTING OF REINFORCEMENT
N.6 PLACING AND SECURITY
N.7 BINDING WIRE
N.8 WELDING
N.9 BENDS ETC
N.10 INSPECTION OF REINFORCEMENT
N.11 NETT MEASUREMENT
N.12 STOCK PILING OF STEEL
N.13 COVER FOR REINFORCEMENT :
N.14 RATES QUOTED FOR REINFORCEMENT IN ADDITION TO ANY
FACTORS MENTIONED in BSR SHALL ALSO INCLUDE FOR
2.0 DAMP PROOF COURSE :
3.0 BRICK WORKS :
3.1 BRICKS
3.2 MORTAR
3.3 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
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3.4 SCAFFOLDING
3.5 CURING
3.6 EXPOSED BRICK WORK
3.7 HALF BRICK/BRICK ON EDGE WORK
3.8 RATES TO INCLUDE :
3.9 MEASUREMENTS :
3.10 BRICK FLAT SOLING
4.0 FLOOR FINISHING WORKS
4.A ARTIFICIAL STONE FLOORING, DADO & SKIRTING
4.A.1 ARTIFICIAL STONE FLOORING :
4.A.2 ARTIFICIAL STONE DADO AND SKIRTING :
5.0 WOOD WORK AND JOINERY
5.1 TIMBER
5.2 HOLDFASTS
5.3 WORKMANSHIP AND CONSTRUCTIONS
5.4 WOODEN FLUSH SHUTTERS : (Solid Core Type)
5.5 FACTORY MADE PANELLED SHUTTERS
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5.6 WOODEN HANDRAIL
5.7 HARDWARE FITTINGS
5.8 RATES TO INCLUDE :
5.9 MODE OF MEASUREMENT :
6.0 STEEL DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS :
6.1 SPECIFICATION
6.2 OPENING
6.3 FABRICATION
6.4 HANDLES, PEGSTAYS
6.5 TOP/BOTTOM HUNG VENTILATORS
6.6 CENTRE-HUNG-VENTILATORS
6.7 BEADING
6.8 SAMPLES OF WINDOWS
6.9 OWNER/ARCHITECTS' APPROVAL
6.10 AS PER DRAWINGS
6.11 FIXING TO BRICK WORK/CONCRETE
6.12 STRUCTURAL SUFFICIENCY OF WINDOWS
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6.13 IMPORT LICENCE
6.14 ALL TYPES OF WINDOWS
6.15 GLAZING
6.16 RATES TO COVER
6.17 MEASUREMENT
7.0 CEMENT PLASTER (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
Mode of Measurement
Deductions :
8.0 WHITE WASHGING
a) Materials :
i) White Washing
b) Scaffolding :
c) Preparation of Surface
d) Application of White Wash :
e) Rates to Include :
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9.0 CEMENT BASED PAINTING :
10.0 PAINTING, FRENCH POLISHING
10.A PAINTING :
11.0 WATER PROOFING TREATMENT TO ROOFS

11.B WATER PROOFING TREATMENT TO SUNKEN FLOOR, COVERED
TERRAC ETC WITH POLYURETHANE COATINGS
B.1 Water Proofing Treatment to Roofs with Polyurethane Coatings
B.1 Material
B.2 Preparation of Surface
B.3 Rates to Include
B.4 Mode of Measurement
B.5 Guarantee
12.0 M.S. GRILLS, RAILING & GATES :
13.0 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
7/26/2022 47

Handout-1 Terminology For Esimating, Costing and Tendering

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Handout-1 Terminology For Esimating, Costing and Tendering

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ESTIMATION &

Cost for preparation of plan, design, Cost of supervision work

Cost of surveying Defaulting taxes of land, street

An estimate is a computation or calculation of the

➢ Dimensions of works shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.01 m.

1. Cube Rate Estimate or Cubical Content Estimate (Rough cost

The following documents should be attached with it.

The following documents are attached with the estimate.

Annual repair estimate

1. Centre line method

3. Out to out & in to in Method (L/wall S/wall )

5. Service Unit Method.

What are methods to be adopted for volume

What are the types of culvert?

What are the main components of culvert?

Write the duties of quantity surveyor.

Write the essential qualities of a good surveyor.

Define Carpet Area

Define Plinth area

What are the methods of taking our estimates?

1.5 EXCAVATION & PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION FOR CONCRETE

11.0 WATER PROOFING TREATMENT TO ROOFS

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