20CE603 Construction Cost Estimation and

1
Valuation

Module 1
Estimation of Buildings and Special Structures

Prepared by

Mr. S. C. Boobalan
AP / Civil Engg.
SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1
 Topic
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1.2 Types of Estimation

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Types of Estimation
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1. Preliminary/Approximate/Abstract/Rough cost estimate

2. Plinth area estimate
3. Cube rate/cubical content estimate
4. Approximate quantity method estimate
5. Detailed/item rate estimate
6. Revised estimate
7. Supplementary estimate
8. Supplementary and revised estimate
9. Annual repair/maintenance estimate

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Preliminary Estimate
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 Required for preliminary studies of various aspects of a

work or project to decide the financial position and policy
for administrative sanction
 For commercial projects such as residential building
projects we have to check the probable income before
investment
 For non commercial projects their necessity, utility,
availability of money, etc. may be considered

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Preliminary Estimate
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 It is prepared from the practical knowledge and cost of the similar

works
 This estimate is prepared showing separately the approximate cost of
all important items of works such as cost of land, cost of each building,
cost of roads, water supply sanitary works, electrification, etc.
 It is accompanied by a brief report explaining the necessity and utility
of the project and showing how the cost of separate items have been
arrived at.

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Preliminary Estimate
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 This estimate is also accompanied with a site plan or

layout plan
 A percentage of about 5% to 10% is added as
contingencies

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Preliminary Estimate
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 This preliminary estimate may be prepared by various ways

for different structures and works:

i. Buildings – per unit basis, plinth area basis, cubic content

basis, approximate quantity method

ii. Roads and Highways – per kilometre basis depending on

the nature of road, width and thickness of metals

iii. Irrigation Channels – per kilometre, area of land

commanded

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Preliminary Estimate
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iv. Bridges and Culverts – per running metre of span depending

on the roadway, nature and depth of foundation, type of
structure, etc.

v. Sewarage Project and Water supply project – on the basis

of per head of population served, on the basis of area
covered

vi. Over head water tank – on the basis of capacity, per litre of
tank depending on the type of structure, height of tank, etc.

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Plinth Area Estimate (P.A. Estimate)
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 It is prepared on the basis of plinth area of the building, the

rate being deducted from the cost of similar building having
similar specification, heights and construction, in the locality
 Plinth area estimate = plinth area of the building x plinth
area rate
 It the plan is not ready or available – just take floor area of
rooms + 30-40% of the total area for walls, circulation

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Cubic Rate Estimate
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 It is prepared on the basis of cubical contents of the buildings,

cube rate being deducted from the cost of the similar building
having similar specification and construction, in the locality
 Cubical content estimate = (LxBxH) x cube rate
 Foundation, plinth and parapet above the roof are not taken into
account
 More accurate than plinth area estimate as the height of the
building is also compared

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
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 Approximate total length of walls is found in running metre

 Approximate estimate = total length x rate per running metre
of wall
 Structure may be divided into two parts (i) foundation
including plinth (ii) super structure
 For this method, plan or line plan of the structure should be
available

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
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 Running metre rate for foundation – approximate quantities of

items such as excavation, foundation, brickwork upto plinth,
DPC are calculated per running metre x rates of these items
 Running metre rate for superstructure – approximate
quantities of items such as brickwork, wood works, roof, floor
finishing, etc. are calculated per running metre x rates of
these items

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Detailed or Item Rate Estimate
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 It is an accurate estimate – consists of working out the

quantities of each items of works and working the cost
 Dimensions, length, breadth and height of each items are
taken out correctly from drawings and quantities of each
items are calculated, abstracting and billing are done
 It is prepared in two stages (i) Details of measurement and
calculation of quantities (ii) Abstract of estimated cost

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Detailed or Item Rate Estimate
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Details of measurement and calculation of quantities –

details of measurement of each item of work are taken out
correctly from plan and drawings and quantities under each item
are computed or calculated in a tabular form named as details of
measurement form

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Detailed or Item Rate Estimate
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ii. Abstract of Estimated cost – cost of each item of work is

calculated in a tabular form known as abstract of estimated
form – 3% of the estimated cost is added for contingencies
and 2% is provided for workcharged establishments
 Detailed estimate is accompanied with report, general and
detailed specifications, drawings, calculations and designs,
analysis of rates

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Revised Estimate
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 It is a detailed estimate and is required to be prepared under

any one of the following circumstances:

i. When the original sanctioned estimate is exceeded or likely to

exceed by more than 5%
ii. When the expenditure on a work exceeds or likely to exceed
the amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%
iii. When there are material deviation from the original proposal,
even though the cost may be met from the sanctioned
amount

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Revised Estimate
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 It should be accompanied by a comparative statement showing

the variations of each items of works, its quantity, rate and cost
under original and revised, side by side, the excess or saving
and reason for variation

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Supplementary Estimate
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 It is a detailed estimate – prepared when additional works are

required to supplement the original works or when further
development is required during the progress of work
 Fresh detailed estimate of additional works in addition to the
original estimate
 Abstract should show original estimate and total amount
including the supplementary estimate amount

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Supplementary and Revised Estimate
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 When a work is partially abandoned and the estimated cost of

the remaining work is less than 95% of the original work –
material deviations – changes in design – which may cause
substantial savings in estimate – then the amount of the original
estimate is revised by the competent authority
 Supplementary and revised estimate is then prepared
 If at any time, it is found that original estimate is excessive then
divisional officer may sanction

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Annual Repair or Maintenance Estimate
(A.M. or A.R. Estimate)
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 It is a detailed estimate – prepared to maintain the structure

or work in proper order and safe condition
 For buildings, this includes white washing, colour washing,
painting, minor repairs, etc.
 For road works, this includes patch repairing, renewals, repair
of bridges and culverts, etc.
 Special repair estimate – monsoon damage repair estimate

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

 Course Contents
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Review Question:
Discuss in detail of about the various types of estimates.

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1

22 Thank You

SKCET / Civil Engg. / CCEV / Module - 1