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Ship Construction 1
Ship Construction 1
Framing Systems
Double Bottom Construction
Stem & Stern Construction
Many, closely-
Transverse Framing: spaced Frames
n Deck Beams tie
upper ends of
frames
n Fewer, deeper &
more widely
spaced
Longitudinals …
n Support Inner
Bottom & give
longitudinal
strength
n Longitudinals
supporting Decks are called
(Deck) Girders
n Additional Decks (supported by
Beams & Girders) increase
Transverse & Longitudinal strength
n Transverse Bulkheads provide watertight boundaries, contribute significantly to
transverse strength, and provide vertical support for Decks
Many, closely-
Transverse Framing: spaced Frames
n Advantages
n Open, nearly rectangular interior space
n Ideal for stowing large, irregular, break-bulk
items, or
n Vehicles (Ro-Ro’s)
n Disadvantages
n Vertical support for decks requires more
closely spaced transverse bulkheads (hence
smaller compartments) or
n Pillars (stanchions) or
n Longitudinal bulkheads
Deep (Web)
Longitudinal Framing: Transverse Frames
n Advantages
n Widely spaced transverse bulkheads allow for
large (i.e., long) continuous cargo spaces
(“tanks”)
n Ideal for stowing liquids (reduced free surface
effects)
n Disadvantages
n No large, open interior spaces
n Difficult to load or unload break-bulk items
n Difficult to stow large, irregular shaped items
Framing Systems:
n Typically, most ships have some combination
of transverse & longitudinal framing
L L L L L L L L L L
Bulkhead STIFFENERS
TTTTT
UPPER TWEEN DECK
TTTTTTTTTTTT
Stringer
(LOWER) HOLD
Web Frame
Typical
Transverse
Frames
SECTION FLOOR
VIEW
CL PLAN VIEW
CL
Double Bottom details:
Rider Inner Bottom Air- Margin
Plate (Tank Top) hole Plate
Frame
Bilge
Bilge
Center Limber Longitudinal well
Vertical Keel hole
“SOLID” FLOOR
Keel Outer Lightening
Plate Bottom hole
“F” Strake
(Bilge Strake)
“B” “C” “D” “E”
Strake Strake Strake Strake
Keel Garboard Strake
Strake (“A” strake)
Shell Plating details:
n (Longitudinal) Rows of plating are called “strakes”
n Welded horizontal joints between strakes are called seams
n Welded vertical joints between plates in a given strake are
called butts
n Strakes that do not run the entire ship length (as the hull
surface area decreases at the ends) are drop strakes
“K” Strake Sheer Strake
“J” Strake Through à
“G” Strake
Bilge (“F”) Strake
portholes
Hatch openings
below decks
Watertight doors
Stem Construction
Forward Wrapper
Collision Plate Stem
Wrapper Bulkhead
Decks
Plate Stem
Stringers
Vertical
Stem Post
Rope Lug
Locker
Rudder
Stock
After Stern
Peak Tube
Pintle
Tank Gudgeon
Rudder
Post UNBALANCED
Propeller RUDDER
Post SEMI-BALANCED RUDDER