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MULTICHOICE
1. The manner in which "operational competitiveness" is embraced by various service firms can be
described by all the following stages except:
(C) journeyman.
Answer : (B)
Answer : (E)
3. The place within an organization where its primary operations are conducted is called the:
Answer : (A)
4. The strategy of breaking up large, unfocused plants into smaller units buffered from one another
so that each can be focused separately is referred to as:
(A) the perfect-world model.
Answer : (C)
5. All of the following are examples of the technical core within an organization except the:
Answer : (D)
(C) inputs, outputs, and quality happen at a constant rate and remain known and certain.
(E) when the operation concentrates on performing one particular task in one particular part of the
plant.
Answer : (C)
7. Strategies to increase the efficiency of service operations include all of the following except:
(A) buffering.
(B) smoothing.
(C) anticipating.
(D) rationing.
(E) allocating.
Answer : (E)
8. The strategy that resorts to triage when the demands placed on the system by the environment
exceed its ability to handle them is referred to as:
(A) buffering.
(B) smoothing.
(C) anticipating.
(D) rationing.
(E) allocating.
Answer : (D)
9. The strategy that surrounds the technical core of the operation with input and output components
is called:
(A) buffering.
(B) smoothing.
(C) anticipating.
(D) rationing.
(E) allocating.
Answer : (A)
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of strategies used to overcome the
problems of service operations?
Answer : (E)
(C) separating the technical core of the operation from the high customer contact areas of the firm
so that efficiencies may be achieved.
(D) managing consumers so that they do not negatively influence one another's service experience.
(E) separating co-workers who, due to their differences, decrease the operational efficiency of the
system.
Answer : (C)
Answer : (E)
Answer : (C)
(E) rules, regulations, and procedures that facilitate the production of a standardized product.
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also governor for the proprietors in New Jersey, with James
Logan as provincial secretary, to whom was likewise confided
the management of the proprietary estates, thus making him in
reality the representative of Penn and the leader of his
party. Hamilton died in December, 1702; but before his death
he had endeavored in vain to bring the representatives of the
two sections of his government together again. The Delaware
members remained obstinate, and finally, while Edward Shippen,
a member of the council and first mayor of Philadelphia, was
acting as president, it was settled that they should have
separate assemblies, entirely independent of each other. The
first separate assembly for Pennsylvania proper met at
Philadelphia, in October, 1703, and by its first resolution
showed that the Quakers, so dominant in the province, were
beginning to acquire a taste for authority, and meant to color
their religion with the hue of political power." In December,
1703, John Evans, a young Welshman, appointed deputy-governor
by Penn, arrived at Philadelphia, and was soon involved in
quarrels with the assemblies. "At one time they had for ground
the refusal of the Quakers to support the war which was waging
against the French and Indians on the frontiers. At another
they disagreed upon the establishment of a judiciary. These
disturbances produced financial disruptions, and Penn himself
suffered therefrom to such an extent that he was thrown into a
London prison, and had finally to mortgage his province for
£6,000. The recall of Evans in 1709, and the appointment of
Charles Gookin in his stead, did not mend matters. Logan,
Penn's intimate friend and representative, was finally
compelled to leave the country; and, going to England (1710),
he induced Penn to write a letter to the Pennsylvania
assembly, in which he threatened to sell the province to the
crown, a surrender by which he was to receive £12,000. The
transfer was in fact prevented by an attack of apoplexy from
which Penn suffered in 1712. The epistle, however, brought the
refractory assembly to terms." In 1717 Gookin involved himself
in fresh troubles and was recalled. Sir William Keith was then
appointed—"the last governor commissioned by Penn himself; for
the great founder of Pennsylvania died in 1718. … After Penn's
death his heirs went to law among themselves about the
government and proprietary rights in Pennsylvania."
B. Fernow,
Middle Colonies
(Narrative and Critical History of America,
volume 5, chapter 3).
ALSO IN:
G. E. Ellis,
Life of Penn
(Library of American Biographies, series 2, volume 12),
chapters 11-12.
R. Proud,
History of Pennsylvania,
chapters 14-22 (volumes 1-2).
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1709-1710.
Immigration of Palatines and other Germans.
See PALATINES.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1740-1741.
First settlements and missions of the Moravian Brethren.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1743.
Origin of the University of Pennsylvania.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1744-1748.
King George's War.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1748-1754.
First movements beyond the mountains
to dispute possession with the French.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1753-1799.
Connecticut claims and settlements in the Wyoming Valley.
The Pennamite and Yankee War.
A. Johnston,
Connecticut,
chapter 15.
ALSO IN:
C. Miner,
History of Wyoming,
letters 5-12.
W. L. Stone,
Poetry and History of Wyoming,
chapters 4-5.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1754.
Building of Fort Duquesne by the French.
The first armed collision in the western valley.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1754.
The Colonial Congress at Albany, and Franklin's Plan of Union.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1755.
The opening of the French and Indian War.
Braddock's defeat.
The frontier ravaged.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1755-1760.
French and Indian War.
Conquest of Canada and the west.
{2505}
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1757-1762.
The question of taxation in dispute with the proprietaries.
Franklin's mission to England.
J. T. Morse, Jr.,
Benjamin Franklin,
chapter 3.
ALSO IN:
J. Parton,
Life of Franklin,
part 3 (volume 1).
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1760-1767.
Settlement of the Maryland boundary dispute.
Mason and Dixon's line.
G. Bancroft,
History of the United States
(Author's last revision),
part 2, chapter 16.
"The east and west line which they [Mason and Dixon] ran and
marked … is the Mason and Dixon's line of history, so long the
boundary between the free and the slave States. Its precise
latitude is 39° 43' 26.3" north. The Penns did not, therefore,
gain the degree 39-40, but they did gain a zone one-fourth of
a degree in width, south of the 40th degree, to their western
limit, because the decision of 1760 controlled that of 1779,
made with Virginia. … Pennsylvania is narrower by nearly
three-fourths of a degree than the charter of 1681
contemplated. No doubt, however, the Penns considered the
narrow strip gained at the south more valuable than the broad
one lost at the north."
B. A. Hinsdale,
The Old Northwest,
chapter 7.
ALSO IN:
T. Donaldson,
The Public Domain,
page 50.
Pennsylvania Archives,
volume 4, pages 1-37.
W. H. Browne,
Maryland,
pages 238-239.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1763-1764.
Pontiac's War.
Bouquet's expedition.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1763-1766.
The question of taxation by Parliament.
The Sugar Act.
The Stamp Act and its repeal.
The Declaratory Act.
The Stamp Act Congress.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1765.
Patriotic self-denials.
Non-importation agreements.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1764-1767.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1766-1768.
The Townshend duties.
The Circular Letter of Massachusetts.
{2506}
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1768.
The boundary treaty with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1768-1774.
Opening events of the Revolution.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1774.
The western territorial claims of Virginia pursued.
Lord Dunmore's War with the Indians.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1775.
The Beginning of the War of the American Revolution.
Lexington.
Concord.
Action taken upon the news.
Ticonderoga.
Bunker Hill.
The Second Continental Congress.
W. H. Egle,
History of Pennsylvania,
chapter 9.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1776-1777.
The Declaration of Independence.
The struggle for the Hudson and the Delaware.
Battles of the Brandywine and Germantown.
The British in Philadelphia.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1777-1779.
The Articles of Confederation.
The alliance with France.
British evacuation of Philadelphia.
The war on the northern border.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1777-1781, to 1779.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1779-1786.
Final settlement of boundaries with Virginia.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1780.
Emancipation of Slaves.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1780-1783.
The treason of Arnold.
The war in the south.
Surrender of Cornwallis.
Peace with Great Britain.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1781.
Mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1787.
Formation and adoption of the Federal Constitution.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1794.
The Whiskey Insurrection.
George Tucker,
History of the United States,
volume 1, chapter 7.
ALSO IN:
J. T. Morse,
Life of Hamilton,
volume 2, chapter 4.
T. Ward,
The Insurrection of 1794
(Memoirs of Pennsylvania Historical Society, volume 6).
J. B. McMaster,
History of the People of the United States,
chapter 9 (volume 2).
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1861.
First troops sent to Washington.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1863.
Lee's invasion.
Battle of Gettysburg.
PENNSYLVANIA: A. D. 1864.
Early's invasion.
Burning of Chambersburg.
----------PENNSYLVANIA: End--------
{2508}
PENNY POSTAGE.
See POST.
PENTACOSIOMEDIMNI, The.
PENTAPOLIS IN AFRICA.
See CYRENE.
PENTATHLON, The.
PEORIAS, The.
PEPIN.
See PIPPIN.
PEPLUM, The.
"The peplum constituted the outermost covering of the body.
Among the Greeks it was worn in common by both sexes, but was
chiefly reserved for occasions of ceremony or of public
appearance, and, as well in its texture as in its shape,
seemed to answer to our shawl. When very long and ample, so as
to admit of being wound twice round the body—first under the
arms, and the second time over the shoulders—it assumed the
name of diplax. In rainy or cold weather it was drawn over the
head. At other times this peculiar mode of wearing it was
expressive of humility or of grief."
T. Hope,
Costume of the Ancients,
volume 1.
PEQUOTS.
PEQUOT WAR.
W. Ramsay,
Manual of Roman Antiquity,
chapter 9.
See MAJESTAS.
PEREGRINI.
w. Ramsay,
Manual of Roman Antiquity,
chapter 3.
----------PERGAMUM: Start--------
PERGAMUM,
PERGAMUS.
J. P. Mahaffy,
Story of Alexander's Empire,
chapter 20.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying_Gaul
See, also,
SELEUCIDÆ; B. C. 224-187;
ALEXANDRIA: B. C. 282-246;
and ROME: B. C. 47-46.
PERGAMUM: A. D. 1336.
Conquest by the Ottoman Turks.
----------PERGAMUM: End--------
See TROJA.
PERINTHUS: B. C. 340.
Siege by Philip of Macedon.
PERIOECI, The.
PERIPLUS.
PERIZZITES, The.
F. Lenormant,
Manual of Ancient History,
book 6, chapter 1.
{2509}
PERPIGNAN: A. D. 1642.
Siege and capture by the French.
PERRHÆBIANS, The.
C. O. Müller,
History and Antiquity of the Doric Race,
book 1, chapter 1.
E. Curtius
History of Greece,
book 1, chapter 4.
PERSARGADÆ.
PERSARMENIA.
PERSECUTIONS, Religious.
Of Albigenses.
See ALBIGENSES.
Of Hussites in Bohemia.
Of Jews.
See JEWS.
Of Lollards.
Of Protestants in England.
Of Protestants in France.
Of Christians in Japan.
Of the Waldenses.
See WALDENSES.
PERSEIDÆ, The.
See ARGOS.—ARGOLIS.
----------PERSEPOLIS: Start--------
PERSEPOLIS: Origin.
PERSEPOLIS: B. C. 330.
Destruction by Alexander.
G. Grote,
History of Greece,
part 2, chapter 93.
----------PERSIA: Start--------
PERSIA:
Ancient people and country.
G. Rawlinson,
Five Great Monarchies: Persia,
chapters 1 and 7.
ALSO IN:
A. R. Sayce,
Ancient Empires of the East,
appendix 5.
See, also,
ARIANS; IRAN; and ACHÆMENIDS.
PERSIA:
The ancient religion.
See ZOROASTRIANS.
{2510}
PERSIA: B. C. 549-521.
The founding of the empire by Cyrus the Great, King of Elam.
His conquest of Media, Persia, Lydia, and Babylonia.
The restoration of the Jews.
Conquest of Egypt by Kambyses.
"It was in B. C. 549 that Astyages was overthrown [see MEDIA].
On his march against Kyros [Cyrus] his own soldiers, drawn
probably from his Aryan subjects, revolted against him and
gave him into the hands of his enemy. 'The land of Ekbatana
and the royal city' were ravaged and plundered by the
conqueror; the Aryan Medes at once acknowledged the supremacy
of Kyros, and the empire of Kyaxares was destroyed. Some time,
however, was still needed to complete the conquest; the older
Medic population still held out in the more distant regions of
the empire, and probably received encouragement and promises
of help from Babylonia. In B. C. 546, however, Kyros marched
from Arbela, crossed the Tigris, and destroyed the last relics
of Median independence. … The following year saw the opening
of the campaign against Babylonia [see BABYLONIA: B. C.
625-539]. But the Babylonian army, encamped near Sippara,
formed a barrier which the Persians were unable to overcome;
and trusting, therefore, to undermine the power of Nabonidos
by secret intrigues with his subjects, Kyros proceeded against
Krœsos. A single campaign sufficed to capture Sardes and its
monarch, and to add Asia Minor to the Persian dominions [see
LYDIANS, and ASIA MINOR: B. C. 724-539]. The Persian conqueror
was now free to attack Babylonia. Here his intrigues were
already bearing fruit. The Jewish exiles were anxiously
expecting him to redeem them from captivity, and the tribes on
the sea coast were ready to welcome a new master. In B. C. 538
the blow was struck. The Persian army entered Babylonia from
the south. The army of Nabonidos was defeated at Rata in June;
on the 14th of that month Sippara opened its gates, and two
days later Gobryas, the Persian general, marched into Babylon
itself 'without battle and fighting.' … In October Kyros
himself entered his new capital in triumph."
A. H. Sayee,
The Ancient Empires of the East:
Herodotus 1-3. Appendix 5.