Heat and its Effects

Temperature & the

effects of heating

Part 1
 Can our bodies judge temperatures accurately?

Task – Estimating temperatures

‘Touch’ each of the following items with your hand.
Guess what the temperature of each item is.
Select objects that are not in direct sunlight)

• Air in the room

• A wood object (eg. desk) very luke- ice

•
hot warm cold
A metal object (eg. chair leg)
• Carpet or other cloth object (that you are not in contact
with)
Heat energy… is energy that is moving
from a warmer to a cooler object.

HEAT
Heat is always transferred from
warmer to cooler objects,
 objects warm up because they
gain heat energy.
 objects cool down because
they lose heat energy.
HEAT
If two objects at different temperatures are left in
thermal contact (so that heat can move between
them), they will eventually reach the same
temperature.

At this point the objects are said to be in thermal

equilibrium.
 Zeroeth law of thermodynamics
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a
third system, then they are in thermal
equilibrium with each other.

Temperature…is the property of a system

that determines whether or not it will be in
thermal equilibrium with another system.
 Effects of Heating
(Physical changes)

Change in temperature

Temperature
… a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
… is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in an object.

Thermometers
Units:
°C ; K; F
 Effects of Heating
(Physical changes)

Change in ‘colour’ of
visible light emitted

Change in size (length/volume)

Change in electrical resistance

Generate a potential difference (thermocouple)

Changes in pressure of a gas
 Changes in the state or phase of matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Particles very close Particles further apart Particles are very far
apart
Fixed shape & Fixed volume
volume Volume – determined by
No fixed shape - fluid
the space available
Strong attractive
Attractive forces
forces (bonds) Fluid
(bonds)
Repulsive forces Very weak attractive
Repulsive forces
prevent forces that only become
prevent compression
compression significant during
condensation.