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Unit 3:

Lesson 1: Will- Expansion

Will and be going to
Use will or be going to for predictions about the future. The meaning is the same.
It´ll rain tomorrow, = It’s going to rain tomorrow

Use be going to, NOT will when you already have a plan for the future.

A. Are you going to come to class tomorrow?

B. No, I’m going to go to the beach instead. NOT No, I’ll go to the beach instead.
Other uses of will
Use will, NOT be going to, to talk about the immediate future when you do not already have
a plan.
Maybe I’ll go to the beach this weekend. NOT Maybe I’m going to go to the beach this
weekend.
Use will, NOT be going to, to express willingness.
I’ll pay for Internet service, but I won’t pay for the airport shuttle. (=I’m willing to pay for
Internet service, but I’m not willing to pay for the airport shuttle)
Can, should, and have to: Future meaning.
Can and should are modals and should ever be used with will.
You can use can alone to express future possibility.
Tomorrow morning you can ask the hotel for a rollaway bed.
They can´t go to the museum tomorrow. It’s closed on Mondays.

You can use should alone to express future advice.

You should visit the Empire State Building next week. It’s great.

However, you can use will with have to + a base form to express future obligation.
I’ll have to leave the 2:00 meeting early.
We won’t have to make a reservation at a restaurant tonight.

A. Write five sentences about your plan for the weekend, using be going to. Then write the
sentences again, using will.

Be going to:
1. This weekend, I’m going to participate in an ecological activity organized by my church.
2. I am going to make some letters for an ecological mural over the weekend.
3. This weekend, we are going to have a visit from Costa Rica.
4. We are going to go out to eat at a restaurant.
5. On Sunday night, I am going to watch a movie to relax.

Will:
1. This weekend, I will participate in an ecological activity organized by my church.
2. I will make some letters for an ecological mural over the weekend.
3. This weekend, we will have a visit from Costa Rica.
4. We will go out to eat at a restaurant.
5. On Sunday night, I will watch a movie to relax.
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Unit 3:

B. Write five sentences with will or won’t for willingness on one of the following topics.
Topics.
Kinds of exercise you’re willing (or not willing) to do.
Kinds of food you’re willing (or not willing) to eat for breakfast.
Kinds if clothes you’re willing (or not willing) to wear.

1. I am willing to do aerobics at the gym.

2. I won't have the willingness to do Zumba as an exercise.
3. I’m willing to have eggs with spinach for breakfast.
4. I have the willingness to wear a bridesmaid dress for a party.
5. I’m not willing to wear a miniskirt.

C. Complete the sentences, using will or won’t with have to

1. (She/ have to / call) the office before 6:00

She will have to call the office before 6:00.

2. (they / have to / reserve) their tickets by Monday.

They will have to reserve their tickets by Monday.

3. (we / not have to / cancel) the meeting if Mr. Carson’s flight is on time.
We won't have to cancel the meeting if Mr. Carson’s flight is on time.

4. (I / have to / leave) a message for my boss.

I will have to leave a message for my boss.

5. (you / not have to / order) room service if you arrive before 10:00 PM.
You won't have to order room service if you arrive before 10:00 PM.

6. (we / Have to / take) a taxi to the airport.

We will have to take a taxi to the airport.

Lesson 2: The real conditional: present

Use the present real conditional to express general and scientific facts. Use the simple present
tense or the present tense of be in both clauses.
If it rains, flights are late. [fact]
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. [scientific fact]

In present real conditional sentences, when (or whenever) is often used instead of If.

When (or whenever) it rains, flights are late.

When (or whenever) you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
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Unit 3:

A. Write present real conditional sentences.

1. Water (freeze) when you (lower) its temperature below zero degrees.
Water freezes when you lower its temperature below zero degrees.

2. Whenever my daughter (take) her umbrella to school, she (forget) to bring it home.
Whenever my daughter takes her umbrella to school, she forgets to bring it home.

3. She (go) on vacation every August if she (not have) too much work.
She goes on vacation every August if she doesn't have too much work.

4. He (run) in the park if the weather (be) dry.

He runs in the park if the weather is dry.

5. In my company, if cashiers (make) a mistake, they (replay) the money.

In my company, if cashiers make a mistake, they replay the money.

Lesson 2: The real conditional: future

Use the future real conditional to express what you believe will happen in the future under
certain conditions or as a result of certain actions. Use the simple present tense or the present
of be in the if clause. Use a future form (will or be going to) in the result clause.
If it go to sleep too late tonight. I won’t be able to get up on time. (future condition, future
result)
If she comes home after 8:00. I’m not going to make dinner. (future condition. Future
result)
Remember: Use a comma when the if, clause comes first. Don’t use a comma when the if
clause comes at the end of the sentences.
If I see him, I’ll tell her. I’ll tell her if see him.

Be careful: Don’t use a future form in the if clause.

If I see him, I’ll tell her. NOT If I will see him, I’ll tell her. NOT If I’m going to see him, I’ll tell her.

B. Circle the correct form to complete each future real conditional sentence.
1. If they (like / will like) the movie, they (see / will see) it again.
If they like the movie, they will see it again.
2. I (‘m going to talk / talk) to her if she (does / ‘s going to do) that again.
I'm going to talk to her if she does that again.

3. If you (buy / are going to buy) some eggs, I (make / I’ll make) you an omelet tonight.
If you buy some eggs, I'll make you an omelet tonight.

4. If they (see / will see) her tomorrow, they (drive / I’ll drive) her home.
If they see her tomorrow, they will drive her home.

5. (Are you going to study / Do you study) Italian if they (offer / will offer) it next year?
Are you going to study Italian if they offer it next year?
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C. Complete each future real conditional sentence with true information. Use a comma
when the if clause comes first.

1. If I live to be 100, I hope to have a lot of love, satisfaction, and a happy family.
2. My family will be angry if I forget their birthdays.
3. If I don't practice English every day, I won't have the fluency in the language that I
would like.
4. If I go to my favorite restaurant next week, I will order my favorite dish: fried fish.
5. I'll buy a new smartphone if the one I have stops working.
6. If I need new shoes, they are for walking.