TITLE

Pain and its Role in

Moral Cultivation

Reyes, Roxanne G. PHILO 12 Comparative Philosophy

WORKING THESIS

Pain is a
crucial factor What we mean to say is that pain is a

in cultivating reality in our lives that provides an

opportunity for self-development.

the good
moral values
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Datu Leo. (2023). Kaantos ug Kasakit sa Kulturang

Higaonon (R. Reyes, Interviewer).
 “Naa man gihapon na mabati sa mga
SUPPORTING
EXCERPTS Higaonon ang kasakit ug pag antos.”
“There is still pain and suffering in the Higaonon culture.”
 “Naa jud siya sa tribu. Ngano? Kay kana siya
ang kasakit, gi antos jud na namo tungod kay
SUPPORTING
EXCERPTS naa jud miy pinaka objective.”
“It does have importance in the tribe. Why? Because
pain, we suffer from it because we have this ultimate
objective.”
 Bahala ug daghan mi kasakit dinhi, tungod
kay naa puy pamaagi na gibilin ug naa pud
SUPPORTING konkreto na dadto ta padulong
EXCERPTS

“Even though we experience a lot of pain here, they

gave us a way and concrete actions that we must do in
order to guide us on where we are going.”
 Pero kay puno siya sa kaalam ug kahibalo
unsaon ni siya nga maka recover naa nay
EXCERPTS nataga daan na pamaagi na mao ni ang
COUNTAINING
COUNTERARGUMENTS
buhata sa imong kasakit ug pag-antos aron
na macarecover ka

“But because they are full of knowledge and wisdom as

to how they will recover from it for there is already a
way wherein this is what they have to do to recover from
pain and suffering.”
 Dali ra maka recover ang tribo labi na kung
ang imong buhaton sa imo kasakit, mao
gihapon to ganiha na tawgon gihapon nimo
EXCERPTS
ang balaang espiritu or muadto ka ba sa mga
COUNTAINING baylan ug babaylan ug magpa ritwal ka aron
COUNTERARGUMENTS
mawala ang imong mga kasakit

“The tribe can easily recover from it especially when they

do something about their pain and suffering, like as
mentioned earlier, which is to call the holy spirit or one
will approach to a priest or priestess to conduct a ritual
so that the pain one suffers will be gone.”
 “Kay naay gitugon sa ato sa balaang espiritu,
wala nay lain magpaabri ana na ganghaan
EXCERPTS kundi kamo ra.”
COUNTAINING
COUNTERARGUMENTS

“There is a call from the holy spirit, and there is no one

who would open the way but us.”
INSIGHT

The Higaonon’s notion of pain and suffering forwards

pain not so much on its role in moral cultivation, but as
a test that which we must arise from to be one with the
Absolute. However, it can still be implied that it has a
role in our moral cultivation because recovering from
pain entails a stronger version of ourselves - that we
were able to persevere and carry on.