„Can’t touch the crown without destroying the shrine”

shrine = the holy place in the church where the ceremony is held

- absolute monarchy (not held any bound)

- legitimatized by God (symbolically blue and white colour)
blue = Virgin Marie
- French first success to remove the Chatolic’s yoke and structure 1789
- calendars, names, civil registration process are still influenced by religion
- epistolomogy: how do you create science in a scientific way
- properties of the church are seized and sold
- but all the the objects connected to religion were refused during (even
calendars were renamed)
- radical actions to take the power from the church for the state
- priest were forced to pledge allegiance to the Constitution in 1790
- if you accepted that God is the root of rules then you weren’t paid, and
you couldn’t practice your religion
- in 1791 Pie VI opposed this
- there was two kind of priests: now the reluctant/constitutional
- with no subsidies, no chain of commands the constitutional Church was
doomed
- in 1799 after the coup it was still an issue
- did the Revolution go too far?
- huge amount of people were killed- literal massacre
priests, nobles, bourjouise, against the Republic etc.
- Deism (deizmus) got strong idea
- Concordat (arrangement) of Napoleon 1801
- reestablishing the link with the pope and the chatolic Church in Rome
- Restoration 1815
- The second Republic 1848-1851
- rule of the man is more important than the rule of religion
- universal vote (like of course for men) was established
- secon empire 1852-1870
- economy, infrastructure, modernization
- Republic of the „dukes” 1870-1875
dukes- all nobles, all priests are in the parlaiment
and still they have to create a secular system
- 1881 Jule Ferry’s laws
influential politician at that time
education was the last stronghold of the church
so he was building a secular public school system
advocated colonization
- before the intellectual power was for the church
- 1881 Jule Ferry’s laws
school shall be free
compulsory until 16
secular
- the 1905 act:
- seperating all churches from the State
- The Republic does not recognize or subsidize any cult
- no official belief but all religion must be respected
- churches built before 1905 still get finance from the State, and churches
after 1905 are not financed
- the 1905 act is articulated around two main principles:
- the private and public sphere are different
- the private sphere remains totally free
- the public sphere remains totally free
- the public sphere must remain neutral and secular
- nothing above the laws of the Republic
- all religions are accepted but religious beliefs have to comply with the
framework
- hopes were Universal Republicanism will fill the need for rituals,
spiritually and social bonding
create an identity with other citizens and build a community identity
- France choose to assimilate citizens
- but many feared a vacuum and a lack of social bonding
- through shared moments, values, and beliefs
- so if you are working hard, want to be a French citizen, than you can
climbe the social ladder, you are not discriminated by your characteristics
that you cannot change
- Universal Republic is clearly an idea
- the 1905 act:
flaws remain
not retroactive (Churches, Synagogues all built before 1905 are
subsidized)
- many traces of the Catholic legacies remain (nativity scene, official
vacations, names, calendar, only fis hon Fridays)
- no subsidies for Mosques, Imams trained abroad
- 1989 controversy’s revival with the Islamic scarf at a middle school (Paris
suburbs)
- until an Act in 2005 banned all „ostensible signs of religious belief” at
school
- 2010 Act against hiding your face in public
- 2016 Burkini issues 13 cities ban it on shores
- 2021 act for the reinforcement of the Republic principles (Samuel Paty’s
murder)
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