9/13/2020 Willam–Warnke yield criterion - Wikipedia

Willam–Warnke yield criterion

The Willam–Warnke yield criterion [1] is a function that is used to predict when failure will
occur in concrete and other cohesive-frictional materials such as rock, soil, and ceramics. This yield
criterion has the functional form

where is the first invariant of the Cauchy stress tensor, and are the second and third
invariants of the deviatoric part of the Cauchy stress tensor. There are three material parameters (
- the uniaxial compressive strength, – the uniaxial tensile strength, - the equibiaxial
compressive strength) that have to be determined before the Willam-Warnke yield criterion may be
applied to predict failure.

In terms of , the Willam-Warnke yield criterion can be expressed as

Three-parameter Willam-Warnke yield surface.

where is a function that depends on and the three material parameters and depends only
on the material parameters. The function can be interpreted as the friction angle which depends
on the Lode angle ( ). The quantity is interpreted as a cohesion pressure. The Willam-Warnke yield criterion may therefore be viewed as a
combination of the Mohr–Coulomb and the Drucker–Prager yield criteria.

Contents
Willam-Warnke yield function
Modified forms of the Willam-Warnke yield criterion
See also
References
External links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion 1/5
9/13/2020 Willam–Warnke yield criterion - Wikipedia

Willam-Warnke yield function

In the original paper, the three-parameter Willam-Warnke yield function was expressed as

where is the first invariant of the stress tensor, is the second invariant of the deviatoric part of
the stress tensor, is the yield stress in uniaxial compression, and is the Lode angle given by

View of three-parameter Willam-Warnke yield

The locus of the boundary of the stress surface in the deviatoric stress plane is expressed in polar
surface in 3D space of principal stresses for
coordinates by the quantity which is given by

where

The quantities and describe the position vectors at the locations and can be expressed in terms of as (here is the
failure stress under equi-biaxial compression and is the failure stress under uniaxial tension)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion 2/5
9/13/2020 Willam–Warnke yield criterion - Wikipedia

The parameter in the model is given by

The Haigh-Westergaard representation of the Willam-Warnke yield condition can be written as

where

Modified forms of the Willam-Warnke yield criterion Trace of the three-parameter Willam-Warnke yield
surface in the -plane for

An alternative form of the Willam-Warnke yield criterion in Haigh-Westergaard coordinates is the

Ulm-Coussy-Bazant form:[2]

where

and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion 3/5
9/13/2020 Willam–Warnke yield criterion - Wikipedia

The quantities are interpreted as friction coefficients. For the yield surface to be convex, the

Willam-Warnke yield criterion requires that and .

Ulm-Coussy-Bazant version of the three-

parameter Willam-Warnke yield surface in the -
plane for

Trace of the Ulm-Coussy-Bazant

View of Ulm-Coussy-Bazant version of the three- version of the three-parameter Willam-
parameter Willam-Warnke yield surface in 3D space of Warnke yield surface in the -
principal stresses for plane for

See also
Yield (engineering)
Yield surface
Plasticity (physics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion 4/5
9/13/2020 Willam–Warnke yield criterion - Wikipedia

References
1. Willam, K. J. and Warnke, E. P. (1975). "Constitutive models for the triaxial behavior of concrete." Proceedings of the International Assoc. for
Bridge and Structural Engineering, vol 19, pp. 1–30.
2. Ulm, F-J., Coussy, O., Bazant, Z. (1999) The ‘‘Chunnel’’ Fire. I: Chemoplastic softening in rapidly heated concrete. ASCE Journal of Engineering
Mechanics, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 272-282.
Chen, W. F. (1982). Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete. McGraw Hill. New York.

External links
Kaspar Willam and E.P. Warnke (1974). Constitutive model for the triaxial behavior of concrete (http://bechtel.colorado.edu/~willam/constitutive
model.pdf)
Palko, J. L. (1993). Interactive reliability model for whisker-toughened ceramics (https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930017
817_1993017817.pdf)
The ‘‘Chunnel’’ Fire. I: Chemoplastic softening in rapidly heated concrete (http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/people/bazant/PDFs/Papers/379.pd
f) by Franz-Josef Ulm, Olivier Coussy, and Zdeneˇk P. Bazˇant.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion&oldid=971582338"

This page was last edited on 7 August 2020, at 01:09 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willam–Warnke_yield_criterion 5/5