Microbiology 6

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CH-06 Test Bank - Test practice questions to study for

microbiology chapter six
Microbiology Lecture (Pearl River Community College)
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CH-06: Test Bank
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Viruses exhibit all the following except ______.
A. definite shape
B. metabolism
C. genes
D. ability to infect host cells
E. ultramicroscopic size
2. Host cells of viruses include ______.
A. humans and other animals

B. plants and fungi
C. bacteria
D. protozoa and algae
E. All of the choices are correct.
3. Viruses ______.
A. cannot be seen in a light microscope

B. are prokaryotic
C. contain 70S ribosomes
D. undergo binary fission
4. Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.
A. envelopes
B. spikes
C. capsomeres
D. prophages
E. peptones
5. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shape of a viral ______.
A. spike
B. capsomere
C. envelope
D. capsid
E. core
6. A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
A. capsomere
B. capsid
C. spike
D. envelope
E. monolayer
7. One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an
_____ capsid.
A. spiked
B. complex
C. icosahedral
D. helical
E. buckeyball
8. A naked virus only has a/an ______.
A. capsomere
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B. nucleocapsid
C. envelope
D. antigenic surface
9. Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape?
A. Tetrahedral
B. Complex
C. Helical
D. Icosahedron
10. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except
A. gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.

B. gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane.
C. contain special virus proteins.
D. help the virus particle attach to host cells.
E. located between the capsid and nucleic acid.
11. Viral spikes
A. are always present on enveloped viruses.

B. attach the viral capsid and envelope.
C. allow bacteria to evade host defenses.
D. are derived from host proteins.
E. are for recognition among the various types of viruses.
12. The core of every virus particle always contains ______.
A. DNA
B. capsomeres
C. enzymes
D. DNA and RNA
E. either DNA or RNA
13. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
A. Envelope
B. Capsomeres
C. Capsid
D. Nucleic acid
E. Genome
14. Viral nucleic acid types include which of the following?
A. Double-stranded DNA
B. Single-stranded DNA
C. Double-stranded RNA
D. Single-stranded RNA
15. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes
A. a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand.

B. a negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand.
C. viral RNA from DNA.
D. viral DNA from RNA.
16. A negative RNA virus must first
A. synthesize a DNA copy of its genome.

B. synthesize a negative RNA copy of its genome.
C. synthesize a positive RNA copy of its genome.
D. transcribe reverse transcriptase.
E. transcribe RNA polymerase.

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17. Viruses with _____-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____-sense RNA
must first be converted into a correct message.
A. positive; negative
B. negative; positive
C. primary; secondary
D. secondary; primary
E. intermediate; primary
18. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except
A. type of nucleic acid.

B. type of capsid.
C. presence of an envelope.
D. biochemical reactions.
E. number of strands in the nucleic acid.
19. Which of the following represents a virus family name?
A. Herpes simplex virus

B. Herpesviridae
C. Picornavirus
D. Enterovirus
E. Hepatitis B virus
20. Which of the following is not a viral order in the classification system?
A. Caudovirales
B. Vaccinia virus
C. Nidovirales
D. Mononegavirales
21. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
A. penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, and release.

B. uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, absorption, and release.
C. adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, and release.
D. assembly, synthesis, uncoating, release, penetration, and adsorption.
E. adsorption, release, synthesis, uncoating, assembly, and penetration.
22. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.
A. replication
B. assembly
C. adsorption
D. release
E. penetration
23. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's
_____.
A. nucleus; cytoplasm
B. cytoplasm; cell membrane
C. cell membrane; cytoplasm
D. cytoplasm; nucleus
E. nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
24. Host range is limited by the
A. type of nucleic acid in the virus.

B. age of the host cell.
C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane.
D. size of the host cell.
25. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except ______.

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A. hepatitis B virus
B. measles virus
C. Papillomavirus
D. HTLV-I and HTLV-II viruses
E. Epstein-Barr virus
26. Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?
A. Inclusions in the nucleus

B. Multinucleated giant cells
C. Inclusions in the cytoplasm
D. Rounding of cells
27. The envelope of enveloped viruses
A. is identical to the host plasma membrane.

B. is only composed of host endomembrane.
C. does not contain spikes.
D. is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis.
E. makes the virus very susceptible to drug therapy.
28. Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
A. host glycoproteins
B. host phospholipids
C. viral phospholipids
D. viral flagella
E. carbohydrate attachments of the viral capsid
29. Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
A. ranges
B. virions
C. receptacles
D. tropisms
E. uncoating
30. The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is ______.
A. adsorption
B. penetration
C. uncoating
D. synthesis
E. assembly
31. Which of the following occurs during assembly?
A. The nucleocapsid is formed.

B. New viral nucleic acid is formed.
C. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane.
D. The nucleocapsid is formed and viral spikes insert in host cell membrane.
E. The viral envelope and the host cell membrane fuse.
32. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______.
A. chronic latent viruses

B. oncoviruses
C. syncytia
D. inclusion bodies
33. Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are ______.

B. oncoviruses
C. syncytia
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D. inclusion bodies
E. cytopathic
34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell?
A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA

B. Decreased growth rate
C. Alterations in chromosomes
D. Changes in cell surface molecules
E. Capacity to divide indefinitely
35. New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______.
A. lysis
B. budding
C. exocytosis
D. both lysis and budding
E. both budding and exocytosis
36. What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?
A. Viral sheaths
B. Tail fibers
C. Nucleic acids
D. Capsid heads
37. Which of the following is incorrect about prophages?
A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny

B. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
C. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
D. Cause lysis of host cells
E. Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
38. T-even phages ______.
A. include the poxviruses

B. infect Escherichia coli cells
C. enter host cells by engulfment
D. have helical capsids
39. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is
A. adsorption to the host cells.

B. injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
D. assembly of nucleocapsids.
E. replication of viral nucleic acid.
40. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without
symptoms are called ______.
A. latent
B. oncogenic
C. prions
D. viroids
E. delta agents
41. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication.

B. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid.
C. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle.
D. occurs before replication.
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42. In transduction, the viral genome
A. initiates lysis of the host.

B. includes DNA from the previous host.
C. is replicated in the cytoplasm.
D. is replicated in the nucleus.
43. Lysogeny refers to
A. altering the host range of a virus.

B. the latent state of herpes infections.
C. virions exiting host cell.
D. the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome.
44. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ______.
A. viroids
B. prions
C. bacteriophages
D. satellite viruses
45. During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the host ______.
A. cytoplasm
B. nucleus
C. nucleolus
D. DNA
E. cell membrane
46. What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Temperate
D. Temporary
E. Transformed
47. The activation of a prophage is called ______.
A. activation
B. lysogeny
C. transformation
D. induction
E. adsorption
48. When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called ______.
A. transformation
B. lysogenic conversion
C. viral persistence
D. transcription
E. translation
49. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?
A. Live lab animals

B. Embryonated bird eggs
C. Primary cell cultures
D. Continuous cell cultures
E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation.
50. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called ______.
A. patches
B. buds
C. plaques
D. cytopathic effects
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E. pocks
51. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called ______.
A. patches
B. buds
C. plaques
E. pocks
52. Cells grown in culture form a/an ______.
A. monolayer
B. bilayer
C. aggregate
D. plaque
53. Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient's blood for specific _____ that the immune
system produces against the virus.
A. glycoproteins
B. antibodies
C. complement proteins
D. antigens
54. Freshly isolated animal tissue that is placed in a growth medium and allowed to produce a cell monolayer is
referred to as a/n _____ cell culture.
A. initial
B. primary
C. secondary
D. continuous
E. positive
55. A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _____ cultures.
A. embryo
B. cell
C. plaque
D. bacteriophage
E. egg
56. Infectious protein particles are called ______.
A. viroids
B. phages
C. prions
D. oncogenic viruses
E. spikes
57. Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
A. viroids
B. phages
C. prions
E. spikes
58. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is
A. caused by a chronic latent virus.

B. initiated by an oncogenic virus.
C. caused by a viroid.
D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans.
E. also called "mad cow disease."
59. Satellite viruses are

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A. also called viroids.

B. dependent on other viruses for replication.
C. the cause of spongiform encephalopathies.
D. significant pathogens of plants.
60. Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands
called _____.
A. prions; capsomeres
B. virions; prions
C. viroids; phages
D. prions; phages
E. prions; viroids
61. Who developed a rabies vaccine after realizing the disease was caused by something smaller than a bacterium?
A. Leeuwenhoek
B. Koch
C. Pasteur
D. Cohn
E. Ivanovski
62. The primary purpose(s) of viral cultivation is/are to
A. isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens.

B. prepare viruses for vaccines.
C. do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics, and effects on host cells.
D. perform wide-scale harvesting of viruses.
True / False Questions
63. When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell.
True False
64. Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections.
True False
65. Viruses are considered ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.
True False
66. A fully formed virus that can cause an infection in a host cell is called a virion.
True False
67. Spikes are glycoproteins that can be found projecting from the viral capsid.
True False
68. Each virus is classified into a genus based on its host, target tissue, and type of disease it causes.
True False
69. Animal viruses have the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell.
True False
70. Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis.
True False
71. Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.
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True False
72. Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration.
True False
73. Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization.
True False
74. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the delta agent are prions.
True False
75. Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA.
True False
76. Viruses mutate, and some viruses have not been discovered.
True False
77. Viruses are not filterable.
True False
78. Viruses are unable to multiply outside of a host cell.
True False
79. A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses
to eliminate bacterial infections. Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action behind this
treatment?
A. A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death.
B. Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes. The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the
bacteria to not replicate viruses.
C. The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of
viruses for particular bacterial species.
D. Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial.
80. Some animals can become infected with multiple influenza virus strains usually associated with other animals.
Which statement below describes the result of these infections?
A. A new novel strain of flu may be produced, for which the human population has no immunity.
B. Major genetic variations in the flu viruses can be reproduced.
C. The viral genomes within the host cells can become recombined.
D. All of the choices are correct.
81. How are viroids transmitted?
A. Respiratory secretions
B. Sex
C. Plant seeds
D. Blood products
82. Tamiflu is a common medication given for influenza treatment. It works by protecting and blocking sialic acid
molecules on the surfaces of host cells and influenza virus envelopes as they leave the cell. Which statement
reflects the mechanism of Tamiflu's action?
A. Tamiflu blocks protein synthesis of the viral genome.

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B. Tamiflu interferes with the replication of +ssRNA from the -ssRNA genome of the flu virus.
C. Tamiflu interferes with the release of the budding viruses from the infected host cells.
D. Tamiflu interferes with the metabolic properties of the virus.
83. Successful anti-HIV drug therapies today work by blocking the action of viral reverse transcriptase. Select which
step of virus multiplication that would be directly blocked by this mechanism.
A. Adsorption
B. Penetration
C. Synthesis
D. Assembly
E. Release
84. You are working in a laboratory that is studying a newly isolated virus. Your job is to culture the virus using in vitro
methods. Upon observing your inoculated tissue culture specimen one day, you notice clumps of cells growing on
top of the original monolayer of cells. Microscopic analysis of stained cells from the culture reveal an alteration in
host cell membrane protein content and chromosomal structure. Based upon this information, you hypothesize that
the virus you are studying is ______.
A. a bacteriophage
B. a prion
C. a viroid
D. an oncovirus
E. a satellite virus
85. Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.
A. Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease.
B. Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use.
C. Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity.
D. The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of antibiotic
resistance seen today.
86. Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Bacterial cells are typically between 1,000-10,000 nm and pass through the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and are therefore blocked.
B. Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 m and pass through the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20
and 200 nm and are therefore blocked.
C.Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 m and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20
and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
D.Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 nm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20
and 200 m and therefore pass through.
87. Compared to bacteria that have a typical size range between 1-10 μm,
A. viruses range in size between 20-200 nm and are much larger than bacterial cells.
B. viruses have a much greater size range; between 22 nm and 1000 nm.
C. all viruses are 22 nm.
D. viruses are larger and are blocked by sterilizing filters.
88. In order to synthesize proteins, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded negative-sense RNA
A. can directly translate its negative-sense RNA strand into proteins.

B. must use reverse transcriptase to make a negative-sense DNA strand first.
C. must use DNA polymerase to make a positive-sense DNA strand first.
D. must use its negative-sense strand as a template to make a positive-sense RNA.
89. In order to replicate within a host cell, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded positive-sense RNA
A. must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of negative-sense RNA for packaging.
B. must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of positive-sense RNA for packaging.
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C. must first use its genomic strand as a template to make a negative-sense RNA, which then serves as a template to
synthesize positive-sense RNA for packaging.
D. must first use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of DNA for packaging.
90. Viral nomenclature uses the same system as living organisms; a genus and specific epithet is designated for each
virus.
True False
91. Viral classification has changed over the years and while they are given genus names, the use of species names
has not been widely accepted. This is because
A. viruses are not organisms.

B. viruses change over time making species characteristics difficult to stabilize.
C. viruses that could be classified into a single species may have many, but not all, properties in common.
D. All of the above are arguments against using species designations for viruses.
92. Using species names for viruses is controversial since viruses are not considered living organisms, and they
change over time so characteristics that may be used for speciation are unstable.
True False
93. Antiviral drugs are often difficult to develop, largely because
A. viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the drugs must enter the host cell and often cause toxic side
effects in order to destroy the virus.
B. viruses are more abundant in the body than bacterial cells.
C. viruses are much smaller than bacterial cells.
D. viruses are more pathogenic than bacterial cells.
94. A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses
to eliminate bacterial infections. Which explanation most accurately describes the reason for the return of this
treatment?
A. A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death.
B. Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes; the viral genes can then be suppressed, causing
the bacteria to not replicate viruses.
D. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy offers an alternative to
traditional drugs.
95. Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysogeny?
A. Once the phage genome is integrated into the host cell, it remains there permanently.
B. The host bacterial cell acquires new characteristics that are often detrimental to humans.
C. It halts the viral life cycle because the phage genes are no longer replicated.
D. The host bacterial cell is lysed once the phage genome is integrated.
96. Why do some animal viruses have an external envelope, while bacteriophages never do?
A. Some animal viruses bud out, taking part of the plasma membrane with them, whereas phages always lyse the
host bacterial cell when they exit.
B. When bacteriophages bud out, the plasma membrane is beneath the cell wall and therefore cannot be removed.
C. When animal cells are lysed, part of the plasma membrane attaches to the virus; in bacterial cells, it is covered
by the cell wall.
D.When phages bud out of the host bacterial cell, they take with them part of the cell wall which forms the capsid,
not an envelope.
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CH-06: Test Bank Key
1. Viruses exhibit all the following except ______.
A. definite shape
B. metabolism
C. genes
D. ability to infect host cells
E. ultramicroscopic size
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living
organisms.
Learning Outcome: 06.03 Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of
viruses.
Learning Outcome: 06.04 Discuss the size of viruses relative to other microorganisms.
Section: 06.02
Topic: General Viral Properties
2. Host cells of viruses include ______.
A. humans and other animals

B. plants and fungi
C. bacteria
D. protozoa and algae
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
organisms.
Section: 06.02
3. Viruses ______.
A. cannot be seen in a light microscope

B. are prokaryotic
C. contain 70S ribosomes
D. undergo binary fission
ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living organisms.
Learning Outcome: 06.03 Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses.
Section: 06.03
4. Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.
A. envelopes
B. spikes
C. capsomeres
D. prophages
E. peptones
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Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Structure
5. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shape of a viral ______.
A. spike
B. capsomere
C. envelope
D. capsid
E. core
Section: 06.03
6. A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
A. capsomere
B. capsid
C. spike
D. envelope
E. monolayer
Section: 06.03
7. One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an
_____ capsid.
A. spiked
B. complex
C. icosahedral
D. helical
E. buckeyball
Section: 06.03
8. A naked virus only has a/an ______.
A. capsomere
B. nucleocapsid
C. envelope
D. antigenic surface
Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses.
Section: 06.03
9. Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape?
A. Tetrahedral
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B. Complex
C. Helical
D. Icosahedron
Section: 06.03
10. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except
A. gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.

B. gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane.
C. contain special virus proteins.
D. help the virus particle attach to host cells.
E. located between the capsid and nucleic acid.
ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
11. Viral spikes
A. are always present on enveloped viruses.

B. attach the viral capsid and envelope.
C. allow bacteria to evade host defenses.
D. are derived from host proteins.
E. are for recognition among the various types of viruses.
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes.
Section: 06.03
12. The core of every virus particle always contains ______.
A. DNA
B. capsomeres
C. enzymes
D. DNA and RNA
E. either DNA or RNA
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.08 Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism's genome.
Section: 06.03
13. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
A. Envelope
B. Capsomeres
C. Capsid
D. Nucleic acid
E. Genome
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
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14. Viral nucleic acid types include which of the following?
A. Double-stranded DNA
B. Single-stranded DNA
C. Double-stranded RNA
D. Single-stranded RNA
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses.
Section: 06.03
15. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes
A. a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand.

B. a negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand.
C. viral RNA from DNA.
D. viral DNA from RNA.
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.08 Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism's genome.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Viral Replication
16. A negative RNA virus must first
A. synthesize a DNA copy of its genome.

B. synthesize a negative RNA copy of its genome.
C. synthesize a positive RNA copy of its genome.
D. transcribe reverse transcriptase.
E. transcribe RNA polymerase.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host
cells.
Section: 06.03
17. Viruses with _____-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____-sense
RNA must first be converted into a correct message.
A. positive; negative
B. negative; positive
C. primary; secondary
D. secondary; primary
E. intermediate; primary
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
18. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except
A. type of nucleic acid.

B. type of capsid.
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C. presence of an envelope.
D. biochemical reactions.
E. number of strands in the nucleic acid.
cells.
Learning Outcome: 06.11 Demonstrate how family and genus names in viruses are written.
Section: 06.04
Topic: Viral Classification
19. Which of the following represents a virus family name?
A. Herpes simplex virus

B. Herpesviridae
C. Picornavirus
D. Enterovirus
E. Hepatitis B virus
ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Section: 06.04
20. Which of the following is not a viral order in the classification system?
A. Caudovirales
B. Vaccinia virus
C. Nidovirales
D. Mononegavirales
ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
Section: 06.04
21. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
A. penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, and release.

B. uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, absorption, and release.
C. adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, and release.
D. assembly, synthesis, uncoating, release, penetration, and adsorption.
E. adsorption, release, synthesis, uncoating, assembly, and penetration.
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses.
Section: 06.05
22. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.
A. replication
B. assembly
C. adsorption
D. release
E. penetration
and genomes.
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Section: 06.05
23. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's
_____.
A. nucleus; cytoplasm
B. cytoplasm; cell membrane
C. cell membrane; cytoplasm
D. cytoplasm; nucleus
E. nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
24. Host range is limited by the
A. type of nucleic acid in the virus.

B. age of the host cell.
C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane.
D. size of the host cell.
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
25. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except ______.
A. hepatitis B virus
B. measles virus
C. Papillomavirus
D. HTLV-I and HTLV-II viruses
E. Epstein-Barr virus
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the
host.
Learning Outcome: 06.19 Analyze the relative importance of viruses in human infection and disease.
Section: 06.05
26. Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?
A. Inclusions in the nucleus

B. Multinucleated giant cells
C. Inclusions in the cytoplasm
D. Rounding of cells
Learning Outcome: 06.13 Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one example.
Section: 06.05
27. The envelope of enveloped viruses
A. is identical to the host plasma membrane.

B. is only composed of host endomembrane.
C. does not contain spikes.
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D. is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis.

E. makes the virus very susceptible to drug therapy.
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
28. Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
A. host glycoproteins
B. host phospholipids
C. viral phospholipids
D. viral flagella
E. carbohydrate attachments of the viral capsid
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
29. Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
A. ranges
B. virions
C. receptacles
D. tropisms
E. uncoating
Section: 06.03
30. The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is ______.
A. adsorption
B. penetration
C. uncoating
D. synthesis
E. assembly
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
31. Which of the following occurs during assembly?
A. The nucleocapsid is formed.

B. New viral nucleic acid is formed.
C. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane.
D. The nucleocapsid is formed and viral spikes insert in host cell membrane.
E. The viral envelope and the host cell membrane fuse.
cells.
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Section: 06.05
32. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______.

B. oncoviruses
C. syncytia
D. inclusion bodies
host.
Section: 06.05
33. Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are ______.

B. oncoviruses
C. syncytia
D. inclusion bodies
E. cytopathic
host.
Section: 06.03
34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell?
A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA

B. Decreased growth rate
C. Alterations in chromosomes
D. Changes in cell surface molecules
E. Capacity to divide indefinitely
host.
Section: 06.05
35. New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______.
A. lysis
B. budding
C. exocytosis
D. both lysis and budding
E. both budding and exocytosis
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
36. What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?
A. Viral sheaths
B. Tail fibers
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C. Nucleic acids
D. Capsid heads
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
37. Which of the following is incorrect about prophages?
A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny

B. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
C. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
D. Cause lysis of host cells
E. Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections.
Section: 06.05
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles
38. T-even phages ______.
A. include the poxviruses

B. infect Escherichia coli cells
C. enter host cells by engulfment
D. have helical capsids
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
39. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is
A. adsorption to the host cells.

B. injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
D. assembly of nucleocapsids.
E. replication of viral nucleic acid.
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
40. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without
symptoms are called ______.
A. latent
B. oncogenic
C. prions
D. viroids
E. delta agents
host.
Section: 06.05
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41. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication.

B. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid.
C. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle.
D. occurs before replication.
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
42. In transduction, the viral genome
A. initiates lysis of the host.

B. includes DNA from the previous host.
C. is replicated in the cytoplasm.
D. is replicated in the nucleus.
cells.
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Section: 06.05
43. Lysogeny refers to
A. altering the host range of a virus.

B. the latent state of herpes infections.
C. virions exiting host cell.
D. the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome.
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
44. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ______.
A. viroids
B. prions
C. bacteriophages
D. satellite viruses
Section: 06.05
45. During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the host ______.
A. cytoplasm
B. nucleus
C. nucleolus
D. DNA
E. cell membrane
Section: 06.05
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46. What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Temperate
D. Temporary
E. Transformed
Section: 06.05
47. The activation of a prophage is called ______.
A. activation
B. lysogeny
C. transformation
D. induction
E. adsorption
Section: 06.05
48. When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called ______.
A. transformation
B. lysogenic conversion
C. viral persistence
D. transcription
E. translation
Section: 06.05
49. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation?
A. Live lab animals

B. Embryonated bird eggs
C. Primary cell cultures
D. Continuous cell cultures
E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation.
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
Learning Outcome: 06.17 Describe three ways in which viruses are
cultivated.
Section: 06.06
50. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called ______.
A. patches
B. buds
C. plaques
E. pocks
cultivated.
Section: 06.06
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51. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called ______.
A. patches
B. buds
C. plaques
E. pocks
cultivated.
Section: 06.06
52. Cells grown in culture form a/an ______.
A. monolayer
B. bilayer
C. aggregate
D. plaque
cultivated.
Section: 06.06
53. Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient's blood for specific _____ that the
immune system produces against the virus.
A. glycoproteins
B. antibodies
C. complement proteins
D. antigens
Section: 06.06
54. Freshly isolated animal tissue that is placed in a growth medium and allowed to produce a cell monolayer is
referred to as a/n _____ cell culture.
A. initial
B. primary
C. secondary
D. continuous
E. positive
cultivated.
Section: 06.06
55. A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _____ cultures.
A. embryo
B. cell
C. plaque
D. bacteriophage
E. egg
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cultivated.
Section: 06.06
56. Infectious protein particles are called ______.
A. viroids
B. phages
C. prions
E. spikes
Learning Outcome: 06.18 List three noncellular infectious agents besides viruses.
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions
57. Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
A. viroids
B. phages
C. prions
E. spikes
Section: 06.07
58. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is
A. caused by a chronic latent virus.

B. initiated by an oncogenic virus.
C. caused by a viroid.
D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans.
E. also called "mad cow disease."
Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions
59. Satellite viruses are

A. also called viroids.
B. dependent on other viruses for replication.
C. the cause of spongiform encephalopathies.
D. significant pathogens of plants.
Section: 06.07
60. Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands
called _____.
A. prions; capsomeres
B. virions; prions
C. viroids; phages
D. prions; phages
E. prions; viroids
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Section: 06.07
Topic: Prions
61. Who developed a rabies vaccine after realizing the disease was caused by something smaller than a
bacterium?
A. Leeuwenhoek
B. Koch
C. Pasteur
D. Cohn
E. Ivanovski
Section: 06.01
62. The primary purpose(s) of viral cultivation is/are to
A. isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens.

B. prepare viruses for vaccines.
C. do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics, and effects on host cells.
D. perform wide-scale harvesting of viruses.
Learning Outcome: 06.16 List the three principal purposes for cultivating viruses.
Section: 06.06
63. When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell.
TRUE
organisms.
viruses.
Section: 06.05
64. Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
Section: 06.08
65. Viruses are considered ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.
FALSE
Section: 06.03
66. A fully formed virus that can cause an infection in a host cell is called a virion.
lOMoARcPSD|15348658
TRUE
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
67. Spikes are glycoproteins that can be found projecting from the viral capsid.
TRUE
and genomes.
Section: 06.03
68. Each virus is classified into a genus based on its host, target tissue, and type of disease it causes.
FALSE
Section: 06.06
69. Animal viruses have the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell.
FALSE
Section: 06.05
70. Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis.
TRUE
Section: 06.03
71. Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle.
TRUE
and genomes.
Section: 06.05
72. Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration.
FALSE
and genomes.
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Section: 06.05
73. Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization.
TRUE
Section: 06.08
74. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the delta agent are prions.
FALSE
Section: 06.08
Topic: Prions
75. Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA.
TRUE
and genomes.
Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living organisms.
Section: 06.02
76. Viruses mutate, and some viruses have not been discovered.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
Section: 06.08
77. Viruses are not filterable.
FALSE
Learning Outcome: 06.01 Describe the significance of viruses being recognized as "filterable."
Section: 06.01
78. Viruses are unable to multiply outside of a host cell.
TRUE
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
organisms.
viruses.
Section: 06.02

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79. A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial
viruses to eliminate bacterial infections. Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action
behind this treatment?
A. A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and
death.
B. Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes. The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing
D. Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial.
and genomes.
ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
Section: 06.08
80. Some animals can become infected with multiple influenza virus strains usually associated with other animals.
Which statement below describes the result of these infections?
A. A new novel strain of flu may be produced, for which the human population has no immunity.
B. Major genetic variations in the flu viruses can be reproduced.
C. The viral genomes within the host cells can become recombined.
D. All of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Section: 06.08
81. How are viroids transmitted?
A. Respiratory secretions
B. Sex
C. Plant seeds
D. Blood products
Section: 06.07
82. Tamiflu is a common medication given for influenza treatment. It works by protecting and blocking sialic acid
molecules on the surfaces of host cells and influenza virus envelopes as they leave the cell. Which statement
reflects the mechanism of Tamiflu's action?
A. Tamiflu blocks protein synthesis of the viral genome.

B. Tamiflu interferes with the replication of +ssRNA from the -ssRNA genome of the flu virus.
C. Tamiflu interferes with the release of the budding viruses from the infected host cells.
D. Tamiflu interferes with the metabolic properties of the virus.
Section: 06.05
83. Successful anti-HIV drug therapies today work by blocking the action of viral reverse transcriptase. Select which
step of virus multiplication that would be directly blocked by this mechanism.

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A. Adsorption
B. Penetration
C. Synthesis
D. Assembly
E. Release
and genomes.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
Learning Outcome: 06.20 Discuss the primary reason that antiviral drugs are more difficult to design than antibacterial
drugs.
Section: 06.08
84. You are working in a laboratory that is studying a newly isolated virus. Your job is to culture the virus using in
vitro methods. Upon observing your inoculated tissue culture specimen one day, you notice clumps of cells
growing on top of the original monolayer of cells. Microscopic analysis of stained cells from the culture reveal an
alteration in host cell membrane protein content and chromosomal structure. Based upon this information, you
hypothesize that the virus you are studying is ______.
A. a bacteriophage
B. a prion
C. a viroid
D. an oncovirus
E. a satellite virus
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
Learning Outcome: 06.13 Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one example.
host.
Section: 06.05
85. Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.
A. Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease.
B. Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use.
C. Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity.
D. The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of
antibiotic resistance seen today.
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge diversity of
microorganisms.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological
means.
drugs.
Section: 06.08
86. Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 m. Which of the following statements is true?
lOMoARcPSD|15348658
A.Bacterial cells are typically between 1,000-10,000 nm and pass through the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and are therefore blocked.
B.Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 m and pass through the filter, whereas most viruses are between
20 and 200 nm and are therefore blocked.
C.Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 m and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
D.Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 nm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 m and therefore pass through.
Learning Outcome: 06.01 Describe the significance of viruses being recognized as "filterable."
Section: 06.01
87. Compared to bacteria that have a typical size range between 1-10 m,
A. viruses range in size between 20-200 nm and are much larger than bacterial cells.
B. viruses have a much greater size range; between 22 nm and 1000 nm.
C. all viruses are 22 nm.
D. viruses are larger and are blocked by sterilizing filters.
Section: 06.02
88. In order to synthesize proteins, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded negative-sense RNA
A. can directly translate its negative-sense RNA strand into proteins.

B. must use reverse transcriptase to make a negative-sense DNA strand first.
C. must use DNA polymerase to make a positive-sense DNA strand first.
D. must use its negative-sense strand as a template to make a positive-sense RNA.
cells.
Section: 06.03
89. In order to replicate within a host cell, a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded positive-sense
RNA
A. must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of negative-sense RNA for packaging.
B. must use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of positive-sense RNA for packaging.
C.must first use its genomic strand as a template to make a negative-sense RNA, which then serves as a
template to synthesize positive-sense RNA for packaging.
D. must first use its genomic strand as a template to make copies of DNA for packaging.
cells.
Section: 06.03
90. Viral nomenclature uses the same system as living organisms; a genus and specific epithet is designated for
each virus.
FALSE
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Learning Outcome: 06.10 Develop two arguments against assigning species names to
viruses.
Section: 06.04
91. Viral classification has changed over the years and while they are given genus names, the use of species
names has not been widely accepted. This is because
A. viruses are not organisms.

B. viruses change over time making species characteristics difficult to stabilize.
C. viruses that could be classified into a single species may have many, but not all, properties in common.
D. All of the above are arguments against using species designations for viruses.
viruses.
Section: 06.04
92. Using species names for viruses is controversial since viruses are not considered living organisms, and they
change over time so characteristics that may be used for speciation are unstable.
TRUE
viruses.
Section: 06.04
93. Antiviral drugs are often difficult to develop, largely because
A. viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the drugs must enter the host cell and often cause toxic side
effects in order to destroy the virus.
B. viruses are more abundant in the body than bacterial cells.
C. viruses are much smaller than bacterial cells.
D. viruses are more pathogenic than bacterial cells.
drugs.
Section: 06.08
94. A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial
viruses to eliminate bacterial infections. Which explanation most accurately describes the reason for the return
of this treatment?
A. A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and
death.
B. Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes; the viral genes can then be suppressed, causing
D. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy offers an
alternative to traditional drugs.
lOMoARcPSD|15348658

drugs.
Section: 06.08
95. Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysogeny?
A. Once the phage genome is integrated into the host cell, it remains there permanently.
B. The host bacterial cell acquires new characteristics that are often detrimental to humans.
C. It halts the viral life cycle because the phage genes are no longer replicated.
D. The host bacterial cell is lysed once the phage genome is integrated.
and genomes.
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate
Section: 06.05
96. Why do some animal viruses have an external envelope, while bacteriophages never do?
A. Some animal viruses bud out, taking part of the plasma membrane with them, whereas phages always lyse
the host bacterial cell when they exit.
B. When bacteriophages bud out, the plasma membrane is beneath the cell wall and therefore cannot
be removed.
C. When animal cells are lysed, part of the plasma membrane attaches to the virus; in bacterial cells, it is
covered by the cell wall.
D. When phages bud out of the host bacterial cell, they take with them part of the cell wall which forms the
capsid, not an envelope.
and genomes.
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate
Section: 06.03

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CH-06: Test Bank Summary

Category # of Questions
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have 1
selected for a huge diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. 2
ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (in 12
cluding bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined 30
by their unique structures and genomes.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biologic 2
al means.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and 2
drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, 1
and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/ 1
or signals.
ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. 15
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. 3
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. 8
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in benefi 31
cial, neutral or detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. 2
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution 3
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function 41
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways 5
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow 15
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems 40
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms 3
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 46
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 36
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 6
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze 7
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate 2
Learning Outcome: 06.01 Describe the significance of viruses being recognized as "filterable." 2
Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses a 6
s living organisms.
Learning Outcome: 06.03 Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses. 6
Learning Outcome: 06.04 Discuss the size of viruses relative to other microorganisms. 6
Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. 5
Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. 7
Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. 7
Learning Outcome: 06.08 Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism's ge 2
nome.
Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses. 6
Learning Outcome: 06.10 Develop two arguments against assigning species names to viruses. 3
Learning Outcome: 06.11 Demonstrate how family and genus names in viruses are written. 4
Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. 12
Learning Outcome: 06.13 Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one example. 2
Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the 6
host.
Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. 16
Learning Outcome: 06.16 List the three principal purposes for cultivating viruses. 3
Learning Outcome: 06.17 Describe three ways in which viruses are cultivated. 6
Learning Outcome: 06.18 List three noncellular infectious agents besides viruses. 7
Learning Outcome: 06.19 Analyze the relative importance of viruses in human infection and disease. 12

lOMoARcPSD|15348658
Learning Outcome: 06.20 Discuss the primary reason that antiviral drugs are more difficult to design than antibacteria 4
l drugs.
Section: 06.01 3
Section: 06.02 5
Section: 06.03 26
Section: 06.04 6
Section: 06.05 31
Section: 06.06 9
Section: 06.07 6
Section: 06.08 10
Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 12
Topic: General Viral Properties 20
Topic: Prions 4
Topic: Viral Classification 8
Topic: Viral Replication 36
Topic: Viral Structure 16

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CH-06 Test Bank - Test practice questions to study for

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CH-06: Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Viruses exhibit all the following except ______.

2. Host cells of viruses include ______.

A. humans and other animals

A. cannot be seen in a light microscope

4. Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.

8. A naked virus only has a/an ______.

9. Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape?

10. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except

A. gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.

11. Viral spikes

A. are always present on enveloped viruses.

12. The core of every virus particle always contains ______.

13. Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

14. Viral nucleic acid types include which of the following?

15. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes

A. a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand.

16. A negative RNA virus must first

A. synthesize a DNA copy of its genome.

Downloaded by Nana Boakye (samuelboakye101@gmail.com)

A. type of nucleic acid.

19. Which of the following represents a virus family name?

A. Herpes simplex virus

21. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is

A. penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, and release.

22. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.

24. Host range is limited by the

A. type of nucleic acid in the virus.

25. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except ______.

Downloaded by Nana Boakye (samuelboakye101@gmail.com)

26. Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects?

A. Inclusions in the nucleus

27. The envelope of enveloped viruses

A. is identical to the host plasma membrane.

28. Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.

29. Viral tissue specificities are called ______.

31. Which of the following occurs during assembly?

A. The nucleocapsid is formed.

32. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______.

A. chronic latent viruses

33. Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are ______.

A. chronic latent viruses

34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell?

A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA

35. New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______.

37. Which of the following is incorrect about prophages?

A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny

38. T-even phages ______.

A. include the poxviruses

A. adsorption to the host cells.

41. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid

A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication.

42. In transduction, the viral genome

A. initiates lysis of the host.

43. Lysogeny refers to

A. altering the host range of a virus.

44. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ______.

46. What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?

47. The activation of a prophage is called ______.