Name: Rhedalyn G.

Austria Date:
Section and Schedule: BSBA HRM 1-2, Wednesday (6:00pm -9:00pm)

Instructions: Answer the following question comprehensively. Type and print it in

A4 bondpaper, font size 12, font Tahoma.

I. Give at least 5 reasons why we need to study history?

1. Understanding the present: Studying history helps us understand how the

world we live in today has been shaped by past events, decisions, and
movements.
2. Avoiding past mistakes: History provides valuable lessons about the
consequences of certain actions, allowing us to learn from past mistakes
and make better decisions in the future.
3. Developing critical thinking skills: History enables us to evaluate
information, analyze different perspectives, and develop critical thinking
skills, which are vital for making informed judgments.
4. Appreciating different cultures and diversity: By studying history, we gain
a deeper understanding and appreciation for diverse cultures, traditions,
and perspectives that have shaped our world.
5. Fostering empathy: History allows us to understand the struggles,
triumphs, and experiences of people from different times and places,
fostering empathy and compassion.

II. Differentiate the following:

A. Primary sources vs secondary sources.

- Primary sources: These are original documents or records that were created
at the time of the event or by someone who directly witnessed or participated
in the event. They offer firsthand information and include sources like diaries,
letters, photographs, interviews, etc.
- Secondary sources: These are interpretations or analyses of primary
sources. They are created by individuals who did not directly witness or
participate in the event but rely on primary sources for their information.
Examples of secondary sources include books, articles, documentaries, etc.

B. Archives vs museums

- Archives: Archives serve as repositories for records that are historically

valuable or culturally significant. They focus on collecting, organizing,
preserving, and providing access to primary source materials such as
documents, photographs, letters, maps, etc. Archives usually collect records
from a specific organization, person, or community and are primarily
concerned with maintaining the authenticity and integrity of the records.
- Museums: Museums, on the other hand, are institutions that collect,
preserve, exhibit, and interpret objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or
scientific significance. They often have a broader scope than archives and
may display a wide range of objects such as artworks, artifacts, fossils,
specimens, etc. Museums emphasize public engagement and education by
creating exhibitions and programs that tell stories and provide context to the
displayed objects.

C. Internal Criticism vs External Criticism.

- Internal criticism refers to the evaluation and analysis of a specific concept,

theory, or idea from within its own framework. It involves examining the
internal consistency, logical coherence, and conceptual integrity of the subject
matter. Internal criticism focuses on identifying potential flaws, contradictions,
or weaknesses within the boundaries of the concept being studied
- External criticism involves examining a concept, theory, or idea by
considering external factors and perspectives. It includes evaluating the
subject matter in relation to other external sources, such as historical context,
social influences, cultural background, or alternative viewpoints. External
criticism aims to assess the validity, relevance, and applicability of the concept
in a broader context beyond its own internal framework.

1. What is meant by the phrase “history matters”

The phrase “history matters” typically refers to the importance of

understanding and learning from past events, actions, and patterns. It
suggests that historical knowledge is significant because it provides
context and insights into our present circumstances and helps us make
informed decisions about the future. By studying history, we can gain a
greater understanding of how societies, cultures, and individuals have
developed and evolved over time. This understanding can help us avoid
repeating mistakes, promote tolerance and empathy, and shape a better
future for ourselves and future generations.

2. Is history a “dead subject” Support your answer.

History is often described as a “dead subject” due to the common

misconception that it only deals with past events that have no relevance
to the present. However, this view overlooks the importance and relevance
of history in various aspects of our lives.
III. Give your insights on the following statements.

A.History is inescapable.
This statement suggests that history is a fundamental aspect of human
existence that cannot be avoided or disregarded. It implies that events
and their consequences from the past continue to shape and influence the
present and the future. From this perspective, it is important to
understand history to comprehend the context and factors that have led
to the current state of affairs.
B.All people are living histories:
This statement highlights the idea that individuals are products of their
own unique experiences and backgrounds. Each person carries their own
personal history, shaped by various factors such as culture, upbringing,
and personal choices. By acknowledging this, it becomes evident that
everyone brings their own perspectives and understandings influenced by
their personal histories.
C .History is not only useful; it is also essential.
I completely agree with this statement. History provides us with a deep
understanding of the past, enabling us to learn from mistakes and make
better decisions for the future. Without a knowledge of history, we would
be condemned to repeat the same errors and miss out on the valuable
lessons that our ancestors have learned. Additionally, history helps us
understand our own identities and cultural heritage, fostering a sense of
belonging and connection.

D. History is to the human race where memory is to each man.

This statement highlights the importance of history for the collective
memory of humanity. Just as memory is essential for an individual to
understand their past experiences, make informed decisions, and learn
from mistakes, history plays a similar role for the human race as a whole.
History helps us understand our origins, cultures, and societies, and allows
us to learn from the successes and failures of those who came before us.
It provides a framework for understanding where we come from and how
we have evolved as a species. Without a knowledge and understanding of
history, as individuals and as a society, we risk repeating past mistakes
and losing sight of our collective identity. Therefore, history can be seen
 as the collective memory of humanity, helping us navigate the present and
shape the future.
IV. Who is Herodotus? Describe his work, life and achievements.

Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who lived during the 5 th century
BC. He is often referred to as the “Father of History” because he was one of
the first individuals to systematically collect and record historical events in a
comprehensive manner.
Herodotus was born in Halicarnassus, which is now modern-day Bodrum,
Turkey. He belonged to a wealthy and prominent family, and his background
likely influenced his interest in history and his ability to travel widely to gather
information for his writings.
His major work is called “The Histories,” also known as “The Histories of
Herodotus.” This book is a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars, which
took place between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the 5 th
century BC. However, it also covers a wide range of other topics, including
geography, ethnography, and cultural practices of different peoples.

V. Gather data and information about the history of Mariveles.

Mariveles, located in the province of Bataan in the Philippines, has a rich

and storied history. Its roots can be traced back to the pre-colonial era when
it was inhabited by the indigenous Aeta people. The town got its name from
the Spanish word “mariveles,” which means “mountain ridge,” aptly describing
its geographical features.
During the Spanish colonization period, Mariveles served as a port where
goods were traded. It became a strategic location for both the Spanish and
the Americans due to its proximity to Manila Bay, making it a vital component
of maritime defense.
One significant event in Mariveles’ history was the infamous Bataan Death
March during World War II. In 1942, after the Battle of Bataan, thousands of
Filipino and American prisoners of war were forced to march from Mariveles
to Capas in Tarlac, enduring extreme brutality and suffering along the way.

Prepared by:
Maria May S. Forio, Ed.D.
Instructor