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USeP Tagum-Mabini Campus

USeP Tagum-Mabini Campus


Apokon, Tagum City, Davao Del Norte

GE 112
MATHEMATICS
in the MODERN WORLD
Compiled by
LYN G. ENRIQUEZ

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Welcome Message

Hello GE 112 Students!

As you embark on a new level of educational journey, you are


guided to take steps of another ladder of success. To be specific, this
ladder of success will hasten you through polishing your learning mode in
a different perspective using the different module lessons in this course
pack. Moreover, you will be given the opportunity to start embracing the
connections of mathematics into realities.

This GE 112 course pack is purposely designed for you to work on


each module lessons individually and in an independent manner. You may
not absolutely used to do it just like in a traditional face-to-face learning
strategies previously experienced but this is a rightful start in building the
foundation of your future career since you will be independently doing
crafts of your own once you’re a full pledge professional.

Now, enjoy the learning journey and welcome to a new meaningful


experience!!!

Faculty Information:
Name: Lyn G. Enriquez
Email: l.enriquez@usep.edu.ph
Contact Number: 084 6453040 Local 507
College: College of Teacher Education and Technology (CTET)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

Cover page ………………………………… 1

Welcome Message ………………………………… 3

Table of Contents ………………………………… 4

USeP Vision, Mission and Goals ………………….. 5

USeP Graduate Attributes ………………………… 6

USeP Core Values ……………………………….... 6

Course Overview ………………………………… 7

Course Assessment ……………………………….. 9

Course Map ………………………………… 12

Module 1 ………………………………… 13

Module 2 ………………………………… 29

Module 3 ……………………………..….. 52

Module 4 ……………………………..…. 68

Course Summary ………………………………… 80

References …………………………….….. 80

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES

VISION

Premier Research University in the ASEAN.

MISSION

USeP shall produce world-class graduates and relevant research and extension
through quality education and sustainable resource management.

GOALS

At the end of the plan period, the University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
aims to achieve five comprehensive and primary goals:

1. Recognized ASEAN Research University


2. ASEAN Competitive Graduates and Professionals
3. Vibrant Research Community
4. Proactive Research-based Economic Empowering
Extension Services
5. Capacity for Innovative Resource Generation

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INSTITUTIONAL GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES

LEADERSHIP SKILLS

Creates and inspires positive changes in the organization; exercises


responsibility with integrity and accountability in the practice of one’s profession
or vocation.

CRITICAL AND ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS

Demonstrates creativity, innovativeness, and intellectual curiosity in optimizing


available resources to develop new knowledge, methods, processes, systems,
and value-added technologies.

SERVICE ORIENTED

Demonstrates concern for others, practices professional ethics, honesty, and


exemplifies socio-cultural, environmental concern, and sustainability.

LIFELONG LEARNING

Demonstrates enthusiasm and passion for continuous personal and professional


development.

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE

Demonstrates proficiency and flexibility in the area of specialization and in


conveying information in accordance with global standards.

CORE VALUES OF THE UNIVERSITY

UNITY
STEWARDSHIP
EXCELLENCE
PROFESSIONALISM

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THE COURSE OVERVIEW

COURSE TITLE : Mathematics in the Modern World


CREDIT : 3 units
SEMESTER : First Semester
TIME FRAME : 54 Hours
COURSE DESCRIPTION :

This course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical,


intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions, and application of mathematical tools in
daily life.
The course begins with an introduction to the nature of mathematics as an
exploration of patterns (in nature and environment) and as an application of
inductive and deductive reasoning. By exploring these topics, students are
encouraged to go beyond the typical understanding of mathematics as merely a
set of formulas but as a source of aesthetic in patterns of nature, for example,
and a rich language in itself (and of science) governed by logic and reasoning.
The course then proceeds to survey ways in which mathematics provides
a tool for understanding and dealing with various aspects of present-day living,
such as managing personal finances, making social choices, appreciating
geometric design, understanding codes used in data transmission and security,
and dividing limited resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities for
actually doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the
various dimensions of mathematics as a way of knowing, and test the students’
understanding and capacity. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013)

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COURSE OUTCOMES :
On the completion of the course, student is expected to be able to do the
following:

Course Outcomes Graduate Outcomes Aligned to


Show skills in creating IGA 2. Demonstrates creativity,
personalized t-shirt design innovativeness, and intellectual
Illustrating creativity, curiosity in optimizing available
innovativeness, and intellectual resources to develop new
curiosity in optimizing available knowledge, methods, processes,
CO1 resources to develop new systems, and value-added
knowledge, methods, processes, technologies.
systems, and value-added IGA 3. Demonstrates enthusiasm
technologies in the context and passion for continuous
covered by Mathematics in the personal and professional
Modern World development.
Exhibit proficiency and flexibility
in the area of specialization and
IGA 5. Demonstrates proficiency
in conveying information in
and flexibility in the area of
accordance with global standards
CO2 specialization and in conveying
by making personalized
information in accordance with
documentary video of
global standards.
Mathematics in the Modern
World

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COURSE ASSESSMENT

Learning Evidence and Measurement Rubrics

As evidence of attaining the above learning outcomes, the student has to


do and submit the following:

Description and Other Course Outcomes It


Learning Evidences Represents
Details
You are required to make a
3-minute to 5-minute
personalized documentary
video to exhibit proficiency
and flexibility in the area of
Personalized specialization and in
LE1 CO 2
Documentary Video conveying information in
accordance with global
standards in the context
covered by Mathematics in
the
Modern World.
You are required to create
a personalized t-shirt
design using info graphics
to show skills illustrating
creativity, innovativeness,
and
intellectual curiosity in
Personalized T-Shirt
LE2 optimizing available CO 1
Design
resources to develop new
knowledge, methods,
processes, systems, and
value-added
technologies in the context
covered by Mathematics in
the Modern World

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MEASUREMENT SYSTEM:

LE1: Personalized Documentary Video

To transmute the scores into grades the following formula shall be used:

x 50 + 50 = ______________

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LE1: Personalized T-Shirt Design

To transmute the scores into grades the following formula shall be used:

x 50 + 50 = ________________

OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES (AA)

Aside from the final output, the student will be assessed at other times
during the term by the following:

Grading System

The final grade in this course will be composed of the following items and
their weights in the final grade computation:

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The Course Map

Mathematics in the Modern World

Module 2:
Module 1: Mathematical Module 3: Module 4:
Mathematics in Expressions Mathematics as Mathematics as
Nature and Problem- a Tool – Part 1 a Tool – Part 2
Solving
Strategies

Lesson 1:
Mathematical
Expressions,
Lesson 1: Basic
and Basic Lesson 1: Some
Lesson 1: Concepts of
Concepts on Basic Statistical
Patterns, Apportionment
Sets, Relations, Tools
Isometries, & and Voting
Functions, and Lesson 2: Basic
Fractals Lesson 2: Basic
Binary Concepts of
Concepts of
Operations Mathematical
Lesson 2: The Coding and
Lesson 2: Some Graphs
Fibonacci Cryptography
Fundamentals Lesson 3: Basic
Sequence, and Lesson 3:
of Logic and Concepts of
The Golden Introduction of
Reasoning Mathematics of
Ratio Linear
Lesson 3: Finance
Programming
Problem-
Solving
Strategies

The students who demonstrates creativity, innovativeness, and intellectual curiosity


optimizing available resources by showing proficiencies in the area of specialization
conveying information with global standards

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Module 1
Mathematics in Nature

Module Overview:

Welcome to Module 1 of this course pack! This module introduces you to


mathematics in nature. You should develop depth understanding of mathematics
in nature by recognizing the usefulness of patterns in real-life encounters which
plays a significant role when you will soon become professional in your field of
specialization. Further, this module challenges you to critically read and discover
the unfolded facts of mathematics behind natural phenomena, human daily
undertakings, and community structures. Enjoy your learning endeavour and
embrace meaningful activities that equip you to become a well-prepared
professional in the future

Module Outcome:

Upon completion this module, you shall be able to:

Demonstrate understanding of mathematics in nature and identify the


usefulness of pattern recognition in solving real-life problems

Use selected topics of mathematics in nature to

o Show your skills in creating personalized t-shirt design

o Exhibit proficiency and flexibility in your area of specialization and in


conveying information in accordance with global standards by
making personalized documentary video

This module contains the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Patterns, Isometries, and Fractals

Lesson 2: The Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden Ratio.

TIME FRAME: 11 Hours

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Lesson 1 Patterns, Isometries, and Fractals

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this lesson, you shall be able to:

Identify patterns and regularities in nature


Explain how mathematics is shown in nature

Time Frame: 5.5 Hours

Introduction

Welcome! You are about to start lesson 1 of module 1. In this lesson, you
will learn deeper understanding about identifying patterns and regularities in
nature and explain how mathematics is shown in nature. So, delight in
discovering this lesson and for sure you will learn a lot.

Let’s Get Started!

“Select & Describe” Activity.


The following pictures were taken in one of my family visits in
Tupsan Grande, Mambajao, Camiguin. Select your preferable
picture. Afterwards, describe it in at most 4 sentences and write
your answer inside the box provided.

Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3

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Picture _______________

Description

_____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Well done! How long did it take you to describe your


preferable picture? How many sentences did you write in describing
the picture? Can you see any uniformities of shapes and/or forms
on the picture? Wow! You are amazing! Now, with your picture
description you may have an idea about patterns, isometries, and
fractals. Am I correct? Why don’t you try! This is fairly interesting.

Let’s Think About it!

Consider the questions that follows?

1. How did you find the activity? Which part of the activity did you
find it interesting? Why?
2. As you try to describe your preferable picture, what did you
learn?
3. Do you think you were able to preview on what are patterns,
isometries, and fractals base on your descriptions on the
picture?
4. Now, what are patterns, isometries, and fractals? Can you
clearly identify patterns in nature and explain how mathematics
is shown in nature? You have to uncover the answers to these
questions.

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Let’s Explore!

Patterns
We all live in a world of patterns. As you can notice,
everything that surrounds you depicts patterns. Patterns that can be
found and observed from the seasons’ cycles, stars, sunrise and
sunsets, earths’ rotation around the sun, numbers, colours, shapes,
sounds, animals, plants, food, sleeping habits, eating habits,
travels, daily activities, and many more. Patterns exist and can be
found everywhere. But what really made these patterns significant
in our lives? What do you think? Ok, understanding these patterns
is very important. Why? This is so because it helps in
communications, it helps understand at least on different
occurrences of situations and phenomena like natural calamities,
and it helps explore various opportunities to better appreciate the
universe where we exist. That make sense, right! Even our body’s
cycles and activities, we need to understand its pattern so that we
can determine if we’re still healthy or not.

A book entitled Nature’s Numbers- The Unreality of


Mathematics by Ian Stewart explains that human mind and culture
have developed a formal system of thought for recognizing,
classifying, and exploiting patterns. This is called mathematics.
Stewart added that by using mathematics to organize and
systematize our ideas about patterns, we have discovered a great
secret and that’s the nature’s patterns are not just there to be
admired but they are vital clues to the rules that govern natural
process.

Now, let’s observe and somehow identify types of patterns in


nature. According to the book authored by R.T. Earnhart and E.M.
Adina, historically, mathematicians have dealt with two types of
patterns. These are numeric patterns and geometric patterns. They
added that with the increasing urge to understand details in the
universe, these patterns evolve to new perspective bringing
relevant approaches in modelling the process that takes place in
the natural world. These are patterns in structures, patterns in
changes, and random patterns in shapes and occurrences.
Specifically, they both emphasize that fractals are random patterns
in shapes while chaos for occurrences.

To further understand mathematics behind these patterns in


nature, let’s have a brief thought of isometries, and fractals as
presented by E.C. Baltazar, C. Ragasa, and J. Evangelista in their
book entitled Mathematics in the Modern World, 2018.

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Isometries
According to the authors’ presentations and explanation,
isometries are formed from types of transformations consisting any
of its’ types of combinations and operations. These are translation,
reflection, rotation, and dilation. See figures 1 and 2 for illustrations.

Figure 1: Illustration of transformation using polygons

Figure 2: Illustration of transformations using emoticon

Now, what do you mean by each type of transformations? The


following definitions explain based on the figures’ illustrations.

Rotation turns a figure about a certain point in a plane,


Translation slides a figure in any particular direction or distance,
Reflection mirrors a figure over line, and Dilation shrinks or
expands a figure by some scaling factor.

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Among these four (4) transformations, only three (3) of them


are isometries. These isometric transformations are reflection,
rotation, and translation. You can observe from the figures above
supporting the authors explanation that an isometry features its’
characteristics that the original figure and its resulting figure after
transformation are congruent. That’s why dilation is not isometry.
However, a combine translation and reflection yield an effect and
formed another isometry called glide reflection, refer figure 3.

Figure 3: Illustration of glide reflection using emoticon

There are countless figures and stuffs that are symmetrical in


nature such as letter W in the English alphabet. Possibly, your body
figure is symmetrical or your hands, feet, face or any parts of your
body. Some illustrations of symmetrical are the wings of butterflies,
church doors, flowers, leaves, and many more.
The combination of isometric transformations forming
another type of isometry is broaden in a mathematical concept
called composition of functions denoted by f g = f g (x) = f[g(x)]
where f and g are both functions and x is the independent variable
of the function. This composition of function is basically an
operation of two functions resulting to another function. Do you
understand? Ok, don’t you worry. You will not get into its details.
What’s being emphasize here is the mathematics behind this
composition of isometries formed in nature.
The composition of isometries is called symmetry.
Mathematically, composition of this isometry means mapping the
pattern in the plane back onto itself. Three (3) types of isometry
were presented. These are rosette patterns, the frieze patterns, and
the wallpaper patterns. The rosette pattern has reflections and
rotations but no translations. The frieze pattern has reflections and
rotations as well as translations and glide reflections but only along
the line. The wallpaper pattern has rotations, reflections, and glide
reflections. For more illustrations and explanation, see file from the
link. https://francisjosephcampena.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/8/6/17869691/symmetric_patterns.pdf.

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You may also research online for further understanding on


these classifications of symmetry. Just simply type it in google and
you will be given so much to view of its kind. You will truly
appreciate its existence.

Fractals
There are figures in nature that are extremely attention-
grabbing because you’re entice to look at its awesome forms.
However, we tend to possibly say it’s absolutely because that’s
nature and it’s beyond explanations. Yes, it’s absolutely nature and
it’s beyond explanation. Remember, mathematics goes beyond
human’s way of thinking and explanation. There is this what we
called infinite in mathematics. When you say patterns or more
specifically repetition of patterns would mean it goes beyond and
it’s infinite. Now, let’s go to fractals to start quantifying the natures
eye-catching forms and its mathematics behind.
As explained from this source
https://fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-are-fractals, fractal is a
never-ending pattern that are self-similar throughout different
scales. They are created by a simple repetition process over and
over in an ongoing feedback loop wherein driven by its recursion
depicts images of dynamic systems such as pictures of chaos.
Geometry explains that fractals exist in between familiar
dimensions. Its patterns are extremely familiar because nature is
full of fractals. For example, trees, mountains, rivers, coastlines,
clouds, seashells, typhoons, hurricanes, and etc. You can explore
fractals online for further illustrations. In this lesson, you can further
research online using the following links to further understand how it
looks like, nature’s illustrations and its mathematics.
https://mathigon.org/course/fractals/introduction
http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-
Model/Fractals-Useful-Beauty.htm
http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-
Model/Fractals-Useful-Beauty.htm

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Let’s Do It!

A. Exercise
Watch the two videos using the link provided and then
answer the corresponding questions after watching.

1. Video of Andrew Conboy entitled, Patterns in Nature –


Symmetry, Fractals, & Geometry using the link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Mfl2QbSMYY
After watching, answer the following questions:
a. Is Andrew Conboy a professional practitioner or
still a student?
b. What is his field of specialization and his desire to
be since he was a kid? Can you say that his
specialization is connected to his desire since a
kid?
c. Identify one pattern, one isometry, and one fractal
in nature presented by Mr. Conboy. Give one
sentence description on each.
d. What’s the concluding message of Mr. Conboy
about his presentation on nature and its
mathematics behind.
2. Video of Srivathsa Joshi entitled, Mathematics is the
queen of Sciences using the link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mve0UoSxTo
After watching, answer the following questions:
a. Explain in at most three sentences on patterns of
time presented in the video.
b. Write 3 symmetrical patterns of nature discussed in
the video with one sentence description on each
c. Choose one pattern in nature presented in the video
explaining its mathematics behind. In your answer,
discuss it in at most 4 sentences specifying the field
of mathematics behind that pattern of nature. Do not
recycle your answer from item numbers a and b.

B. Let’s go back on the “Select & Describe” Activity. Answer it


again by using the table below and try to compare your answer
prior.
Picture _______________

Description
__________________________________________________

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C. Reflection

Based on your readings and watching the videos linked in the


lesson, do you think you were able to identify patterns and
regularities in nature? With these patterns in nature, can you
explain how mathematics is shown in the nature? Discuss your
answer in at most 10 sentences.

Closure

Congratulations! You did a great job in lesson 1. You explore and


understand nature by identifying patterns and regularities and then
explain how mathematics is shown in nature. You are now about to
start lesson 2.

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Lesson 2 Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this lesson, you shall be able to:

Identify patterns and regularities observed by Fibonacci in nature


Explain how Fibonacci numbers are shown in nature

Time Frame: 5.5 Hours

Introduction:

Wow! You’re now about to have lesson 2 prior to finishing module 1. In this
lesson, you shall be able to identify patterns, and regularities in nature observed
by Fibonacci and then explain how Fibonacci numbers are shown in nature. So,
relax and enjoy another learning adventure of patterns in nature.

Let’s Get Started!

Fill my K-W-L Activity. You are to provide answers on the table


below with the best of your knowledge about Fibonacci numbers
and The Golden Ratio. There are no right and wrong answers here.
So please answer honestly. You may write your answer in phrases
or clauses in bullet forms.

What I Know? What I want to What I learned?


know?

…about Fibonacci
numbers?

…about The Golden


Ratio?

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Let’s Think About it!


Consider the following questions.
1. What do you want to know about Fibonacci numbers? About the
Golden ratio? Why do you think it’s important for your future
career to learn about these Fibonacci numbers and The Golden
Ratio?
2. Have you encounter these topics in learning your high school
mathematics? Did you understand these concepts?
3. Do you think there is so much to learn in Fibonacci numbers?
Can you cast in your mind and explain it? How about The
Golden Ratio? What is it all about and how is it different from
Fibonacci numbers?
See! These are quiet interesting questions that you need to
discover in this lesson.

Let’s Explore!

Leonardo of Pisa was known as the greatest Italian


mathematician of the Middle Ages. He was better known as
Fibonacci, a contraction of “lius Bonaccio”, “son of Bonaccio”. He
was born in Pisa about 1175 and educated in North Africa where
his father was in charge of a customshouse. During his younger
years as a man, he frequently travelled in the countries of the
Mediterranean. In his travels he observed and analysed the
arithmetical systems used in the commerce of the different
countries and quickly recognized the enormous advantages of the
Hindu-Arabic decimal systems over Roman system in his own
country. In returning to Pisa in 1202, Fibonacci wrote his famous
book of counting known as Liber Abaci which he explained the
virtues of this number system and eventually introduced the
sequence of Fibonacci numbers. These numbers were observed by
Fibonacci in nature. Among the Fibonacci illustrations in nature are
the petals of flowers, spirals of sunflowers, spirals from plants,
shells, insects, cross-sections of fruits and vegetables, and many
more. For illustration, refer figure 1.

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Figure 1: Illustration of Fibonacci using nature

The picture above is for lesson illustration purposes only and used as reference
from the link https://newearthknowledge.com/2019/11/22/proof-intelligent-
design/ The author of this module has no intension on any form of production.

A set of Fibonacci numbers denoted by Fn is known as


Fibonacci sequence. The Fibonacci sequence define below was
remarkably detected in a rabbit population beginning from a baby
pair of the first generation to mature, and then goes to the next
generation and so on. The Fibonacci sequence is defined as Fn,
that its,
{Fn}= {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …}
Particularly, if
Fn is denoted as 1, that is,
F1 = 1 for the first generation
F2 = 1 for the second generation
F3 = 2 for the third generation
F4 = 3 for the fourth generation
F5 = 5 for the fifth generation
F6 = 8 for the third generation

In here, a conjecture of Fibonacci numbers Fn depict pattern


connection as follows:

For example,
Illustrate F3 as the sum of the two previous Fibonacci
numbers.
Solution:
Given: F3 having n = 3

Since , then by substitution

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From the example, it follows that, F8 = F7 + F6

The ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers as n


becomes large approaches the Golden Ratio. This golden ratio
can be verified through measuring some parts of the human body,
in particular,
the ratio of a person’s height to his/her navel
the ratio between the forearm and the hand
the divine proportion of human beauty that is the
golden propertion in the human face such as
center of pupil : bottom of teeth : bottom of chin
outer and inner edge of eye : center of nose
outer edges of lips : upper ridges of lips
width of center tooth : wdth of second tooth
width of eye : width of iris

Now, the golden ratio denoted by is defined as,



= = 1.6180339887...

Furthermore, this golden ratio presented in two ways as


shown below.

First, using algebraic relation,


Let m is longer than n, m n, then the length of
the line segment m + n are formed as
=
= +
= 1+ substituting to ,

= 1+ since = =

=
=
=0

Second, using quadratic root formula to get the value of


from the quadratic equation = 0.

The general quadratic equation root is ax2 + bx + c = 0


where a, b, c are constant and x is the variable to
solve.

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In quadratic equation = 0, is the


variable to solve, and its a = 1, b = -1, and c = -1.

Further,
a = 1 is the numerical coefficient of from =0
b = -1 is the numerical coefficient of – from
=0
c= is the c from =0

So, solving for and substituting the values,



=

=

=

= would mean
√ √
= and =

Hence, the golden ratio is,



=
= 1.6180339887...

You’ve just observed how the derivation on the value of the


golden ratio.

Let’s Do It!

A. Exercise
Read and understand the three (3) articles using the link
provided. Afterwards, answer the questions that follows.

1. Myths of maths: The golden ratio by Chris Budd submitted


by Marianne on February 23, 2020 copyright 1997-2021
University of Cambridge. The link of the article is as
follows:
https://plus.maths.org/content/myths-maths-golden-ratio
a. Identify one myth claiming that the golden ratio
appears in such illustration. Explain you answer in
at most 4 sentences.
b. Identify the great reality claim(s) on the article
presented by Chris Budd. Write your answer in at
most 4 sentences.

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2. The Fibonacci Sequence: A brief introduction by Rachel


Thomas submitted by Marianne on January 6, 2020
copyright 1997-2000, +plus magazine…living
mathematics, University of Cambridge. The link of the
article is as follows:
https://plus.maths.org/content/fibonacci-sequence-brief-
introduction
a. Explain in at most 5 sentences why Rachel
Thomas presented on the article about fictional
and slightly unbelievable breeding process of baby
rabbits to generate Fibonacci numbers.

3. The life and numbers of Fibonacci by R. Knott and the


Plus team submitted by plusadmin on November 4, 2013,
copyright 1997-2020, +plus magazine…living
mathematics, University of Cambridge. The link of the
article is as follows:
https://plus.maths.org/content/life-and-numbers-fibonacci
a. Why is it that bees are better illustration for
Fibonacci sequence? Explain your answer in at
most 4 sentences.
b. What does it mean with golden growth in the
context of golden ratio? Explain your answer in at
most 4 sentences.

B. Let’s go back to K-W-L Activity and answer only column


“What I learned?” as shown on the table below. Write you
answer in at most 4 sentences each.

What I learned?

…about Fibonacci
numbers?

…about The Golden


Ratio?

27 GE 112 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD


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C. Reflection
Based on your readings on lesson 2 and its articles linked,
do you think you were able to identify patterns and
regularities observed by Fibonacci in nature? With these
patterns in nature, can you explain how Fibonacci Sequence
and the Golden Ratio is shown in the nature? Discuss your
answer in at most 10 sentences.

Closure
Excellent! You’re done on lesson 2. You learn a lot in identifying
patterns and regularities in nature and the mathematics behind its
nature. This lesson completes your study about mathematics in
nature.

Module Summary

Well done! Finally, you have completed the lessons in module 1.


May you have learned a lot from this module about mathematics in
nature. As you can see, the mode of learning here is more focus on
realities than presenting the details of mathematical computations. Yes,
you’ve learned also the mathematics behind the awesomeness of
patterns in nature but more importantly, you discover that the infinity of
patterns in nature lies the infinity of its mathematics.

Module Assessment
1. Write one example of nature that depicts the following patterns.
a. rosette patterns
b. frieze patterns
c. the wallpaper patterns
2. Explain in at most 4 sentences why dilation is not classified as isometric
transformation.
3. Explain in at most 5 sentences about a myth on golden ratio.
4. Illustrate the four classifications of transformations using any figures or
natures other than the one presented in the lesson. Give one sentence
description on each transformation.
5. Differentiate Fibonacci numbers and Fibonacci sequences.

28 GE 112 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

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