Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 6 - Training and Development
Chapter 6 - Training and Development
CHAPTER SIX
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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
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LEARNING
Learning is the process by which a person acquires and develops new knowledge,
skills, capabilities and attitudes.
Learning is goal directed, it impacts behavior and cognition, and the changes brought
about are relatively stable.
Learning has happened when people can demonstrate that they know something that
they did not know before (insights, realizations as well as facts) and when they can do
something they could not do before (skills).
TRAINING
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Human Resource Development Process
2. design
3. implementation, and
4. evaluation
Step1: Conducting Need Assessment
Need assessment refers to a systematic identification of training and development
needs.
Training need is the gap between skills needed for a job and the present skill level of
employees.
If the actual performance is below the job standards, it indicates performance
deficiencies.
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Step1: Conducting Need Assessment
Levels of training need analysis
Organization analysis - is an examination of the environment, strategies, and resources
(technology, financial and HRM) the firm faces so as to determine what training it
should emphasize.
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Step1: Conducting Need Assessment
Levels of training need analysis
Task analysis - involves reviewing the job description and specifications to identify
the activities performed in a particular job and the KSAs needed to perform them.
I.e., the process of determining what the content of a training program should be on
the basis of a study of the tasks and duties involved in the job.
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Step1: Conducting Need Assessment
Levels of training need analysis
A person/individual analysis - involves determining which employees require training
and, which do not.
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EFFECTIVE NEED ANALYSIS WILL LEAD TO:
Identifying the training goal (what problem the training is hoping to solve?)
• Individual assistance - when training more than one employee, successful trainers
always provide individual assistance.
STEP2: DESIGNING THE TRAINING PROGRAM
5. Determining training method/s
• A method by which employees are given hands-on experience with instructions from their
supervisor or other trainer.
• In this program the employee is placed in to real work situations and shown how the job is
performed by experienced worker or supervisor.
• Requires setting specific training schedule, evaluation and feedback session for each trainee.
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ON-THE-JOB TRAINING STEPS:
1.Preparation: the trainees are told about the job, purpose and expected outcome of
the training
3.Practice: the trainees are given opportunity to actually perform the job to
demonstrate their understanding. Errors are corrected. Practice is continued till the
employee is able to perform the job with out supervision.
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TRAINING METHODS
Used to teach facts, skills and concepts without requiring the trainee to practice the
materials thought.
Lecture
Conference
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…TRAINING METHODS
2.Simulation methods:
This method presents trainees with artificial representations of an actual situation and
require them to react as though the situation were real.
Role playing - consists of playing the roles of others, who are facing a particular
problem.
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…TRAINING METHODS
3. Apprenticeship training
• A system of training in which a worker entering the skilled trades is given thorough
instruction and experience, both on and off the job, in the practical and theoretical
aspects of the work.
4. Vestibule Training: trainees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using on
the job. The training is conducted away from the actual work environment.
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STEP 3: IMPLEMENTING THE PROGRAM
Inform learners
Arrange off site or on site classrooms
Avail necessary aiding materials
Deliver the program as per schedule
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STEP4: EVALUATING THE PROGRAM
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Criteria for evaluation
Criterion 1: Reactions – what trainees think about the overall training.
What were your learning goals for this program?
Did you achieve them?
Did you like this program?
Criteria for evaluation
Testing the knowledge and skills of trainees before and after a training
program will help determine their improvement.
Criteria for evaluation
The transfer of training refers to how well employees apply what they
have learned to their jobs.
Criteria for evaluation
Criterion 4: Results, or Return on Investment (ROI)
A company’s ROI refers to the benefits it derives from training its employees relative
to the costs it incurs. ROI = Results/Training Costs, i.e., ROI >1.
How much did quality improve because of the training program?
How much has it contributed to profits?
What reduction in wasted materials did the company get after training?
How much has productivity increased, and by how much have costs been reduced?