ADHYAY Batch Chemical Bonding LECTURE-2

N05: -

no
of atoms=4
value =5 6 6 6 + + +
1
+
2h
=

voy covalent bonds 124

of
no
24
=

2
0
8
-
- :
I =
?8 +1 O
I I
-
No
-

Il
·o +
·8
0
⑧
o
N I
-
-

000 ... 0 -
-
-

10:nog atoms =
3, no
of
valence et 555+6=

=16 -

covalent
no
of
Bond =

1 4.
=

I O
- +
06 ⑦ ⑰
·:: N:0: N N0=
=
 atoms=4
- of
no

valence 6
6 6+ 6+ ch
of
=

no = +

covalent bonds
no
of 124:
=

3
2

·.0
-
:O
-

O
:° +2

-
- I
2
I
+

-0......O...
-

&
-
--

⑭
① PO43- sOn2-
⑤

② 903 ⑧ 03

③ non ⑦
NO2-

④ 40,8 ⑧ UOL

⑨ Ny ⑩ SO2
 O-
I
⑰
① PO43- P
o
j_o
O
② 905 Il

j/P-
③ HOG O
1 3
+

C
o o
↓_
-

④ 405 atoms=4
o
no
O
valence e 7 6 6 6+ 1
I
y
+
+
+
=
no
+2
U 8 666
= + + +

o ...o ⑧
26
=

covalent bonds 1726

no
of I
=

=
a
2

-1
-
: +2
z
·
O
U
00
· ⑧
-
I o no
O

.0· ....
0
 0
-

I
sOn2:
+2
⑤ S

o jo
⑰
⑥

ange
03 -
0
- Look o
-
O
.
atoms=3
of
no

6 18 strai
valence
t 6 6 + =
= +

no -

covalent bonds
no
of 518
=

3
=

......
0 ⑰

: 0
0

o
0

oo·O-
-
00

⑦ NO2

o -o-

⑧ CO2
cit
--.. -o-

atoms
of
no 3
=

valence et 1 1+676 20
of
=

no =
+
 no
of
covalent bonds
$520 1
=
=

..0::
O
-

...
I

&
·0
C ⑰
-- -o-

⑨ N ⑰
=
2

=
-

N= N
-
N

⑰
⑩ SO2 -
S
&

-o-
or
 o
1 2
--godperiod element
son2
+

-> 8 -

3- o-

↓-

N
i ↓
⑧
0= --
↓ Il
-
andperiet
S-o-

x
3rd
belongs
*
If
the central atom (element) to
period
charge
onwards
charge
the the and -
ve

will combine to
form a double bond.

thereare many compounds

which don't
follow Lewisis

NO2 X
eg-
They two
types
-

of
-

are

①
Mypesvalent compound:
-

Those in which
compounds the
is
valencythanof central itis
the
having.
atom more &

more sets. Then it is called

hypesvalent compound
covalent bonds
formedMandeleevs
by
element
# The maximum
of its
no an

can be
equal to
group no
according
to

periodic table. Or

maximum
table the
according no-10.
modern periodic
third
covalency
can be
group If the atom
belongs to
period.
onwards.
 example max-covalency of sulphur
-
6.
=

h U a chlorine:I

aphosphous
4
= 5

nitrogen
U U ·
3
=

I - 18
I
H 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17 He
2 B CN F Ne
Li Be 0

Si PS 4A

E
Al
ing
N Ca Sc TiV cr Mn Fe CoNi G in Ga Ge set ky
A

R SU Y To No No Tc RuRhEd Ag cd In Su So Te - Xe
Ba Ot
AnMy
6 La Ta W ReOS Ir P6 Bi Po Rn
I
if TC At

7 Fr Ra As

hypovalent compounds Those

2 -

which have
than
compounds
central
lis
called
in the
bonding state atom
set on are

hypovalent compounds. F

Ex: BF3 ·
↓-
B
·
seectron difficient)
- F -F

BeF2 F B F
=
=

↳
me-system
structures
of some
important compounds
compounds of sulfur:
(a) -

O
Il
①MSO4
-sulphuric aid H -
0 -

30 -
H

↓
②
H2SOz-sulphurous acid H S 0 H
-

0
- -
-

↓
③ M2S,07-oleum
⑧
or
pyrospheric acid

0
II Il
H -o -

3- 0 -

s -
0 -
1

! ↓
④ M2SgOg perdisulphuric acid
-

O O
Il Il
S 0 H
5
00
-

H
-

-o
-
- -

↓ !
peloxide
linkage
5 H2505 persulphuric aid
-

O
Il
s 0 0 -
H
H
-

0
-
-
-

↳
↓ peroxide linkage.

⑥ H2S2Oz
-
thionic acid

-
S
Il
3-0 4
H 0
-
- -

I
 H2S406 tetrathionic aid
II
=>

O ⑧
Il Il
S
H-0-- - - -
-
0 -
H

↓ I

⑧ acid
t polythionic
H2SnOs
O
Il Il
[
H-o-s-s-sIn-s-0 -H

I I

⑨
H2S,O5- pyroclphurous acid.

A
9
II Il
- H- 0 -

S S- 0
-

I 0
Il
10 S
sOz sulphus trioxide
-> -
I -
0

⑧
17
⑪ S
=O
O
SO2-sulphur dioxide -2

⑫ (SOb1,-trimes of sulphur trioxide

⑤
-

o O
=

05
-
1
⑬ S8 - Rhombic
sulphur
5-s-3-s
---- s
crownstructure
(puckered structure)
sing
crown structure
(puckered sing Ducture)
⑧
Compounds of chlorine. or
1
I
14
H404 perchloric aid
-
0=
C-
- 0
17
0

⑮ Huby-chloric aid
0=
4 -0 -4

↓
⑯ HUO2-chlnous aid
O
C- 0
=

⑰ HOU
hypochlorous and n- -
-

⑩ chlorine
U207 -, hepta oxide
O
II 11
- u0
0u
=

! ↓

⑲ U205- chlorine
pentaoxide
O ⑧
11 Il
U --u -
-
~ O
or
20
U203- chlorine trioxide

x
=
-
au
o To

⑪ 4206-chlorine hexaoxide

ai
0
Il
0 ~
U -

-
-
-

Il II O

⑧ ⑧

⑫ 420-chlorine oxide

u
-
-

compounds of phosphorous
a -

23
HypOn
-orthophosphoric acid or
phosphoric acid

I
- P -
H
0-
-

n3
=

↓-

⑭ MyPOZ -

phosphorous acid

0
11 n2=

- P --H
H
-

i
 HyPO2
25
hypophosphorous acid

iP n1=

no-

metaphosphoric
20
HP0z - acid

0 - P=
n -

and
27MP207-
pyrophosphoric H
o-1 8
-

I I
H -
0 -

P -

0 -

P -
0 -

↓ !
28 M593010 -
triphosphoric acid

OH Off 0H -

I I I
H-0 -P-- P -o
P Ot
-
-

! I ↓
29 PuOco =>

phesphorous pentaoxide
O
Il

-
"You
-

0-
-o

PnOs
30
phosphorous trioxide
-

o -

-
~
-
p
--
-ompro
⑪ 0

e
!
⑫ Ph-white phosphorus

e
⑬ chain)
In - led
phosphorous (polymeric

"10-
-

-
⑯
of Nitrogen
wds
n -o-o-
⑬ HNOz -> Nitric and

⑮HNOye nitrous and H-0-N 0

=

⑬ N,05e
⑧
nitrogen pentaoxide
⑰
-o
⑦
N
-N
-

⑰Non- nitrogen dioxide

0
N ⑦
N-
/N
-

--
③8
N20s-nitrogentrioxide. ⑧
&
0 0 N 0
-0
=

-N = N -

-
8
symmetrical

⑲ Neo-nitrous
oxide
-
claughing gasl
N N0
=

②
compounds of callon
O
17
⑩ H2COz- carbonic aid 1 -
0/ -
H
-

⑭ CO2 -
02 0
=

⑦
0
42 CO -> c ot
=

⑬ 2302 -> caldon suboxide

0 cc c 0
= =
= =

⑭ 1209-millitic anhydride
i Ex-oy
I
O
=

[OI-c
2

o
c

I ·fund=
⑮Cols-Benzene
[

⑭ mond! C

I↳
/
C
C
C -
C
- I
- C
-
C

-
- -
C

c
ancarc
-

⑰white
y
-7 3
- -

7
-

-
-

-
-
-

-
⑱ KMnO4 Potassium
permangnate
-

Il <pink or violet)
Mn
of -k
!
⑲ KCU207- potassium dichromate
0 O

! -o
Il
cr-k (orangel
! I

50 C80s -
Blue chrome

oP Cr
Butterfly structure

5/ ky(2w08] potassium
tetrapeloxo chromate

la CV

⑤H2O2 hydrogen peroxide

- half structure
o pen book like

n
⑬ BgH6+ diborane

Di
D Bonding
Banana

B
&

- -
B -H
↑
D

↳M 2x3c-2-Bonds)
(2-2 Bonds)
-

↳x

⑤ ir
H

-1 B
-
M -
B -

-- H
n/
-n -
B -

55
Naz B407-10420 (Bowax)

Naz (BuO5(On)u] 8H20

1 I
OH
10
0 B -
O
Nat
-

842
YB-ON
-
2 HO -
3

-o
⑦ To O
-
B -

on