SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

Titration of Orange juice.

Aim: To find out which of the orange juice brand contains the highest mass of Vitamin C when
titrated with Iodine solution.

Introduction:

Orange juice is an excellent source of Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, and many consume it daily to keep
their body healthy as it helps improve their strength and growth of broken tissues and overall
improves their immune system. People who make their own orange juice at home will buy it from
brands that provide it. But it could be hard which one to choose which source or brand offers
different levels of Vitamin C.

A chemical procedure used in labs called titration is a method that can be used to determine an exact
known concentration or mass when a compound or a substance is titrated with. An indicator is used
to know when a reaction has reached an endpoint by knowing its colour change. An endpoint is
when a reaction has reached a chemical change and is no longer continued.

We can calculate the actual mass by getting the average volume used in the reaction using n = c x v
and m = n x gfm. Since Vitamin C is calculated in milligrams, the mass found in the reaction should be
multiplied by 1000 to get an accurate result.

An oxidation reaction occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen or another oxidiser. During this
reaction, there is a loss of electrons and a gain of oxygen. When a molecule or a substance reduces, it
loses oxygen and electrons and gains hydrogen.

Redox occurs when both oxidation and reduction take place at the same time in a displacement
reaction.

During the redox reaction, the reducing agent is oxidised and reduces other substances; as a result, it
donates electrons to the other substance.

During a redox reaction, the oxidising agent oxidises other compounds, and it is itself reduced. The
oxidising agent is when a particle or a substance removes hydrogen or adds oxygen to a compound.

Ascorbic acid is a reducing agent that donates electrons to an iodine solution and is oxidised. Iodine
solution is an oxidising agent because it accepts electrons from ascorbic acid and is reduced in the
process.

In this titration, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and iodine solution (I2) will make dehydroascorbic acid and
two iodide ions; this is an oxidation reaction because ascorbic acid loses electrons and is oxidised to
dehydroascorbic acid. The reduction reaction occurs between iodine solution and iodide ions as
iodine gains electrons and is reduced to iodide ions.

Chemical equation for this experiment:

I2(aq) + C6H8O6 (s) ——> C6H6O6 (aq) + 2H+ + 2I-(aq)
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

Equipment list:
 1 x Burette (50 ml)
 1 x Burette Stand
 1 x Burette Clamp
 1 x Bulb pipette (25 ml)
 1 x Iodine solution (50 ml)
 3 x Conical Flask (250 ml)
 1 x Bench coating paper
 1 x Pipette filler
 12 x Drops of Starch solution 1%
 1 x Plastic pipette (3 ml)
 1 x White tile
 1 x Copella smooth orange juice (100 ml)
 1 x Tropicana smooth orange juice (100 ml)
 1 x Taste the difference (T.T.D.) smooth orange juice (100 ml)
 1 x Sainsbury smooth orange juice (100 ml)
 1 x Beaker (50 ml)
 1 x Beaker (100 ml)
 1 x Marker pen

Method:
 All the required equipment was set up safely on a clean table and made sure to follow
every health and safety rule before starting any procedure.
 Orange juice was poured into a beaker (50 ml) and the bulb pipette was rinsed using a
little amount of orange juice to clean the pipette and avoid the presence of any
unwanted chemicals. The rinsed juice was disposed into the sink.
 The bulb pipette (25 ml) was filled with the juice up to the meniscus line and was then
poured it into a conical flask (250 ml).
 Then added 4 drops of the starch solution using a plastic pipette. This procedure was
repeated two times for the two different conical flasks (250 ml).
 The burette was set up with the stand and the clamps. Then poured a little amount of
the Iodine solution into the burette to rinse and to avoid any presence of other
substances.
 The burette was filled with Iodine solution of up to 50 ml. And the initial reading was
noted from the meniscus line.
 Started the titration (rough titre) by pouring a little amount of the iodine solution into
the conical flask containing the orange juice while also making sure to swirl the conical
flask gently.
 When the colour changed from yellow to a greenish yellow that means the reaction has
reached an endpoint and then stopped adding the iodine solution immediately. The
reading from the top of the burette was noted. This whole procedure was repeated two
more times to reach concordant results.
 After finishing the titration, the table and all the equipment used were safely cleaned
while following every health and safety rule.

Rough calculation/Hypothesis:
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

 Calculating which brand has more mass of vitamin c.

1 - Taste the difference: 40mg per 100 ml

(25/100) x 40 = 10mg

2 - Sainsbury: 22mg per 100ml

(25/100) x 22 = 5.5mg

3 - Copella: 27mg per 100 ml

(25/100) x 27 = 6.75mg

4 - Tropicana: 28mg per 100 ml

(25/100) x 28 = 7mg

— Based on the calculations above out of all the brands ‘Taste the difference’ orange juice should
give out the most amount of vitamin C when titration is carried out.

Results Table:

1 - Taste the difference orange juice average volume of Iodine solution used in the titration of orange
juice. And mass of Vitamin C.

Titre Start volume (ml) End volume (ml) Final Volume (End - Start)
(ml)
1 0 12.9 12.9
2 12.9 25.8 12.9
3 25.8 38.8 13

Titre Volume
2 12.9
3 13
Average ((2+3)/2) 12.95

 Mass of Vitamin C in this titration.

- Volume of Iodine solution:

v = 0.01295 litres
c = 0.005 molL-1
n = 6.475 x 10-5 moles

- Vitamin C mass:
m = 0.011396 mg
n = 6.475 x 10-5 moles
gfm = 176g

m = 0.011396 x 1000
= 11.396mg
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

2 - Sainsbury’s average volume of Iodine solution used in the titration of orange juice. And mass
of Vitamin C.

Titre Start volume (ml) End volume (ml) Final Volume (End - Start)
(ml)
1 8.4 17.9 9.5
2 18.8 27.0 8.2
3 29.0 35.3 8.3

Titre Volume (ml)

2 8.2
3 8.3
Average ((2+3)/2) 8.25

 Mass of Vitamin C in this titration.

- Moles of Iodine:
n = 4.125 x10-5
c = 0.005molL-1
v = 0.00825L

- Vitamin C mass:
m = 7.26 x10-3g
n = 4.125 x10-5
gfm = 176g

m = 7.26 x10-3 x 1000

= 7.26mg

3 - Copella average volume of Iodine solution used in the titration of orange juice. And mass of
Vitamin C.

Titre Start volume (ml) End volume (ml) Final Volume (End - Start)
(ml)
1 2.5 13.7 11.2
2 13.7 24 10.3
3 24 33.8 9.8
4 33.8 44.1 10.3

Titre Volume (ml)

2 10.3
4 10.3
Average ((2+4)/2) 10.3
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

 Mass of Vitamin C in this titration.

- Moles of Iodine:
n = 5.15 x10-5 moles
c = 0.005 molL-1
v = 0.0103L

- Vitamin C mass:
m = 9.064 x10-3g
n = 5.15 x10-5 moles
gfm = 176g

m = 9.064 x10-3 x 1000

= 9.064mg

4 - Tropicana average volume of Iodine solution used in the titration of orange juice. And mass of
Vitamin C.

Titre Start volume (ml) End volume (ml) Final Volume (End - Start)
(ml)
1 21.9 32.4 10.5
2 32.4 42.7 10.3
3 36.2 47.3 11.1
4 36.4 46.6 10.2

Titre Volume (ml)

2 10.3
4 10.2
Average ((2+4)/2) 10.25

 Mass of Vitamin C in this titration.

- Moles of Iodine:
n = 5.125 x 10-5
c = 0.005 molL-1
v = 0.01025 moles

- Vitamin C mass:
m = 9.02 x10-3g
n = 5.125 x 10-5
gfm = 176g

m = 9.02 x10-3 x 1000

= 9.02mg
SOUNDARYA DASARAMOOLE 02/06/2023

Conclusion:

As per the calculations, most content of vitamin c was found to be in the ‘Taste the difference’
orange juice of 11.396mg per 25 ml. By following the titration with the iodine solution, the end point
of T.T.D. titration the colour change went from yellow to brownish yellow.

Evaluation:

 Repeating the titration for a few times to have a good understanding of the procedures and
to gain more results to have a better comparison of the juices involved.
 To be able to use a classified A burette (50 ml) to accurate results of the volume of Iodine
solution used in the titration.
 Filtering the orange juice to remove any solid bits and to avoid any presence of unwanted
substance before filling the bulb pipette (25 ml) with orange juice and then transferring into
a conical flask (250 ml). To achieve an accurate result.
 Using an electronic pipette filler to have a better control when filling the bulb pipette with
the orange juice. To ensure having an accurate reading and volume.