Malaysian Maritime Academy

Coastal Navigation A1MC (P1)

Tide Exercise 1 - Standard port (ATT. Vol 1 & 3 5 )

LG p33 Q16
ATT Vol.3 5 2014
Q1. Find the height of tide at Port Klang on 14th. Nov 2014 at 0500 hours.
(2.9m)

Q2. Find the times (in the morning) when the height of tide is 3.0m at Port Klang
on 18th. Nov 2014.

LG p35 Q16
ATT Vol.1 2014
Q3. Find the height of tide at Le Havre on 17th.Nov 2014 at 0900 hours.

Q4. Find the actual height of a lighthouse with a charted height (elevation) of
100m near Le Havre on 17 Nov 2014 at 0900 hours.

Q5. Find the actual clearance under the bridge (vertical clearance 100m) near Le
Havre on 17 Nov 2014 at 0900 hours. Given HAT = 8.4m

LG p37 Q16
ATT Vol.1 2015 (standard port)
Q6. Find the actual depth over a shoal marked dries “1.0m” near Avonmouth on
19 May 2015 at 0600 hours.

Q7. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47m) with a minimum clearance
of 7.0m between the mast and the bridge.

Find the earliest possible time in the afternoon / evening of 15th.May 2015 at
Avonmouth for the vessel to cross the bridge.
HAT is 14.7m

Q8. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47m)

What is the clearance under the bridge if the crossing is done during morning HW on
15th.May 2015 at Avonmouth.

Q9. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross a shallow patch of 10m (under-keel clearance required = 4.0m)

What is the earliest time to cross the shallow patch in the morning at Avonmouth on
15th.May 2015.

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Q10.

Southampton 19 Jan 0305 hours 1.1m

0956 hours 4.5m
1532 hours 0.8m
2220 hours 4.5m

20 Jan 0355 hours 0.8m

1032 hours 4.7m
1620 hours 0.5m
2257 hours 4.7m

21 Jan 0442 hours 0.5m

1112 hours 4.9m
1706 hours 0.2m
2338 hours 4.8m

22 Jan 0527 hours 0.4m

1155 hours 4.9m
1750 hours 0.1m

23 Jan 0022 hours 4.8m

0612 hours 0.4m
1240 hours 4.9m
1834 hours 0.2m

24 Jan 0109 hours 4.8m

0655 hours 0.4m
1327 hours 4.8m
1917 hours 0.4m

25 Jan 0159 hours 4.7m

0740 hours 0.7m
1419 hours 4.6m
2003 hours 0.7m

Find the height of tide at Southampton on 21st. Jan 2015 at 1900 hours.

Q11. A vessel with a draft of 10 m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted to
cross a shallow patch of 10 m (under-keel clearance required = 4.0 m)

What is the latest time to cross the shallow patch in the afternoon at Southampton on
21st. Jan 2015.

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Check NP 5011 edition 2011 page ………………………..
Check NP 100 page 205
Check Nav Basic pp 144 – 145

plane of light
height

elevation = charted height

actual
height

MHHW \ MHWS
Table V
Height of tide
CD

Figure 1

Bridge

Charted clearance actual clearance

= 37m a=?

HAT 36m

Check at table V
Draft 14m

Height of tide

CD

Figure 2

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COLOMBO (4428)
Wed 7 Aug 2019
LW HW LW
06:10 hrs 11:57 hrs 17:53 hrs
0.5 m 0.2 m 0.5 m

Thu 8 Aug 2019

LW HW LW HW
00:07 07:03 12:45 18:23
0.0 m 0.5 m 0.2 m 0.4 m

Fri 9 Aug 2019

LW HW LW HW
00:49 08:27 14:08 19:10
0.1 m 0.4 m 0.3 m 0.3 m

From Part II

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS

0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1

+ 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3

Time differences
MHW MLW
Zone – 0730
- 0805 - 0805

Seasonal changes in mean level

July August September

4428 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
4809 – 4839 0.0 0.0 0.0
4848 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.2

Q1
Find the heights/times of tides at Simanari (4822) on 08.08.2019

Q1a.
Find the earliest time in the morning / afternoon on 8th August 2019 at Simanari (4822)
to pass under a bridge (charted clearance 30.0 m , clearance required 3.0 m, draft 13.5
m, charted depth 15.8 m, highest point from keel 41.0 m )
Given HAT at Simanari is 1.2m

Q1b
Find the earliest time in the morning on 8th August 2019 at Simanari (4822) to pass over
a shoal (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 13.5 m, charted depth 15.8 m)

4
Test
COLOMBO (time zone - 0530 )
Sat 6 Feb 2016
HW LW HW LW
00:48 07:38 13:27 18:55
0.7 m 0.2 m 0.5 m 0.2 m

Sun 7 Feb 2016

HW LW HW LW
01:28 08:04 14:01 19:35
0.7 m 0.2 m 0.6 m 0.1 m

Part II
4428 Colombo MHW MLW MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
(Standard port) (hours) (hours) 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1

Zone - 0700
Sibolga (4820) - 0805 - 0800 +0.3 +0.2 +0.4 +0.3

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

Jan Feb March

4428 + 0.1 0.0 0.0

4809 – 4839 0.0 - 0.1 - 0.1
4848 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.2

Standard COLOMBO (4428)

Secondary Sibolga (4820)

Q1. A vessel with a draft of 14m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted to
cross below the bridge (charted clearance = 47 m) with a minimum clearance
of 1.1 m between the mast and the bridge.

Find the latest time in the morning of 7th.February 2016 at Sibolga (4820) for the
vessel to cross under the bridge.

From Table V, HAT = 14.7 m

5
Q2. A vessel with a draft of 10.6m and the height of mast 60m above the keel wanted to
cross a shoal (charted depth = 11m) with a minimum clearance of 1.0m.

Find the earliest time in the morning of 7th.February 2016 at Sibolga (4820) for
the vessel to cross the shoal.

Q3. A vessel with a draft of 10.6 m and the height of mast 60 m above the keel wanted
to cross a shoal (charted depth = 11 m) with a minimum clearance of 1.0 m

Find the latest time in the evening of 6th.February 2016 at Sibolga ( 4820) for the
vessel to cross the shoal.

Q4a.
Find the latest time to pass over a shoal (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 16.0 m, charted
depth 9 m) off Newport (515) in the evening of 13th.Jan 2016.

Avonmouth (Time zone = UT)

13 Jan 2016
0344 0920 1607 2142
1.5 m 13.4 m 1.3 m 13.1 m

14 Jan 2016
0418 1001 1641 2223
1.5 m 13.2 m 1.4 m 12.9 m

Part II – height differences

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
13.2 9.8 3.8 1.0
-1.1 -0.9 -0.6 - 0.6

HW LW

0600 1100 0300 0800

and and and and
1800 2300 1500 2000

-0015 -0015 0000 -0020

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

Dec Jan Feb

513a – 534 + 0.1 0.0 0.0

Standard Port: AVONMOUTH (523)

Secondary Port: Newport (515)

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LG p10 Bonus
Easytide – PKL, Avonmouth & Le Havre
13 – 17 June 2016

(secondary port)

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

May June July

513a – 534 - 0.1 - 0.1 0.0

Standard Port: AVONMOUTH (523)

Secondary Port: Newport (515)

From Part II (time zone = GMT)

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
13.2 9.8 3.8 1.0

-1.1 -0.9 -0.6 -0.6

HW LW

0600 1100 0300 0800

and and and and
1800 2300 1500 2000

-0015 -0015 0000 -0020

Q4b.
Find the latest time to pass over a shoal (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 16.0 m, charted
depth 14 m) off Newport (515) in the evening of 15th.June 2016.

Avonmouth 15 June 2016

HW LW HW LW
0253 0856 1525 2133
10.2 m 3.3 m 10.3 m 3.2 m

Avonmouth 16 June 2016

HW LW HW LW
0350 1007 1620 2242
10.6 m 2.9 m 10.9 m 2.6 m

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Q5a.
Find the latest time to pass under a bridge (clearance required 3.0 m,draft 14.0 m, air
draft 30 m, charted clearance 31 m) off Heurteauville (1587a) on the 16th.Jan 2016
(morning).

Le Havre
15 Jan 2016
HW LW HW LW
0245 0910 1332 2130
7.7 m 1.7 m 7.7 m 1.6 m

16 Jan 2016
HW LW LW HW
0332 0953 1438 2214
7.5 m 2.0 m 7.4 m 2.0 m

From table ‘V’ HAT = 8.4 m

MHWS = 7.9 m

From Part II
MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS

LE HAVRE (1582) 7.9 6.6 2.8 1.2

Heurteauville (1587a) -0.5 -0.2 +1.1 + 2.7

HW LW

0000 0500 0000 0700

and and and and
1200 1700 1200 1900

+0110 +0025 +0310 +0330

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

Dec Jan Feb

1581b – 1595a +0.1 0.0 0.0

Standard Port: LE HAVRE (1582)

Secondary Port: Heurteauville (1587a)

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Le Havre (Time zone – 0100)
15 June 2016
LW HW LW HW
0106 0641 1334 1917
2.9 m 6.5 m 2.8 m 6.8 m

16 June 2016
LW HW LW HW
0210 0738 1438 2214
2.8 m 6.7 m 2.6 m 7.0 m

From table ‘V’ HAT = 8.4 m

MHWS = 7.9 m

From Part II (time zone = - 0100)

MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS

Le HAVRE (1582) 7.9 6.6 2.8 1.2

Heurteauville (1587a) -0.5 -0.2 +1.1 + 2.7

MHWS @Heurteauville =

HAT @ Heurteauville = 7.9 m

HW LW

0000 0500 0000 0700

and and and and
1200 1700 1200 1900

+0110 +0025 +0310 +0330

Part II
Seasonal changes in mean level

May June July

1581b – 1595a - 0.1 0.0 0.0

Standard Port: LE HAVRE (1582)

Secondary Port: Heurteauville (1587a)

Q5b.
Find the latest time to pass under a bridge (clearance required 3.1 m,draft 14.0 m, air
draft 30 m, charted clearance 31 m) off Heurteauville (1587a) on the
16th.June 2016 (morning).

9
Malaysian Maritime Academy
Coastal Navigation
Tide Exercise 4 - Standard port (MTT. 2020)

1. Find the height of tide at 1900 hours on 12th. February 2020 at Port Dickson
(4695)

2. Find the depth of water over a position with charted depth of 15m at noon on
4th. August 2020 at Kuala Linggi, Melaka.

Malaysian Maritime Academy

Coastal Navigation
Tide Exercise 4b – Secondary port (MTT. 2020)

1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 12th. August 2020 at Cape
Rachado(4696)

2. Find the height of tide at 2100 hours on 06th. June 2020 at Pulau Angsa (4684)

MTT 2021
1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 05th.May 2021 at Port Dickson (4695)

1846 hrs 0.9 m

05/05 0159 hrs 1.9 m
0820 hrs 1.3 m
1353 hrs 1.8 m
2120 hrs 0.9 m
06/05 0343 hrs 2.0 m

2. Find the depth of water over a position with charted depth of 15 m at noon on
6th. June 2021 at Kuala Linggi, Melaka.

2321 0.6 m
6/6 0459 1.6 m
1053 0.7 m
1706 2.0 m
7/6 0011 0.6 m

Secondary Port
Q1. Find the height of tide at 1700 hours on 5th.May 2021 at Cape Rachado
(4696)

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Constituent (of the tide)

The tidal curve can be considered as being composed of a number of cosine curves,
having different speeds, phase-lags and amplitudes, the speed being determined from
astronomical theory and the phase-lags and amplitudes being determined from
observation and analysis. These cosine curves are known as constituents of the tide.
Admiralty Tidal handbook NP 122 (1)

M2 the principal lunar semidiurnal constituent, with speed = 28.984° per mean
solar hour

S2 the principal solar semidiurnal constituent, with speed = 30.000° per mean
solar hour

K1 the luni-solar declinational constituent, with speed = 15.041° per mean solar
hour

O1 a lunar diurnal constituent, with speed = 13.399° per mean solar hour

Some 400 Harmonic Constituents have been identified but in practice it is unnecessary
to use so many.

Up to 160 Harmonic Constituents are used for major Standard Ports and 36 for
Secondary Ports.
MoN page 10-19

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MTT 2015 p 170

For semi-diurnal ports

MHWS = Zo + M2 + S2
MLWS = Zo – (M2 + S2)

For diurnal ports

MHHW = Zo + M2 + K1 + O1
MLLW = Zo – (M2 + K1 + 01)

MTT 2015
When (K1 + O1)/(M2+S2) is less than or equal to 0.5, the tide is considered to be semi-
diurnal.

When (K1 + O1)/(M2+S2) is greater than 0.5, the tide is considered to be diurnal.

ATT Vol.3 2012 Page xiv

Criteria for diurnal and semi-diurnal tides.

When  (H of S2) is greater than 2 (H of K1 + H of 01) the tide is considered to be semi-

diurnal.

When  (H of S2) is less than 2 (H of K1 + H of 01) the tide is considered to be diurnal.

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