Heading

photosynthesis
photosyntheseis is a redox process
co2 is a oxidized form of carbon reduced to glucose areduced form of carbon
it is an energy converting process in which low energy molecues such a co2 and h2o in
containing molecule such as glucose
role of light
visible light spectrum range is 380nm to 750 nm
it is most effective at 430nm blue light and 670nm red light
all the pigments wwhich are absorbed by plant pigment are disappeared which those w
show the color on pigment
higher plants have 2 major pigments chllorophyll and caotenoids

chlorophyll
chlorophyll > are a b c d e
but main are 1) chlorophll a > bluish green >found in al photosynthetic organism excep
bacteria
2)chlorophyll b > yellowish green
cellular
respiration

2) aerobic rspiration
eukaryotes : 36 ATPs

a) glycolysis
steps
b) oxidation of pyruvate
steps

end product

c)kreb cycle

d)respiratory chain or electron

transfer chain

)1 anaerobic respiration
production of
ATP
1 oxidative
phosphorylation
2 subtrate level
phosphorylation

end product discovered by 3

2pyruvate german scientist
 junction b/w
glycolysis and kreb site: mitochondrial
cycle matrix
1 2pyruvate acid

2 acetyl co A

2 ATP REQ
lactic acid in muscles cells of
fermentation mammals
in yeast and cells of
alcholic fermentation higher plants
emden, Myerholf,
Parnas site : cytoplasm
site :mitochondria
matrix

site :mitochondria
matrix
ATP yield=36 ATP

oxidative phosphorylation

2 NADPH
6ATP

6NADH =18 ATP

2FADH= 4ATP
substrate level
phosphorylation

2ATP
2ATP
 resolution power 0.2nm
resoltion power250nm and and magnification
magnifacation 4000X of light 2000000X of electron resolton of naked eye
micrscope microscope is 0.1mm
immunity in latin immunes means safe or free of
burden and in greek resistance
first line of defence 1) skin 3 layers
1) epidermis separated from dermis by basement membrane membrane