WORK METHODS

 Worker interacting with other workers

 An activity or gang process chart is useful in plotting
each individual’s activities on a time scale similar to that
of a worker – machine chart.
 An activity chart is less restrictive and may be used to
follow the interaction of any group of operators, with or
without equipment being involved.
ACTIVITY CHART OF EMERGENCY
TRACHEOTOMY
WORK MEASUREMENT

 The primary purpose is to set time standards for a job.

 Why?
 To schedule work and allocate capacity
 To provide an objective basis for motivating the
workforce and measuring worker’s performance.
 To bid for new contracts and to evaluate performance
on existing ones.
 To provide benchmarks for improvement.
WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

 Direct observational methods

 Time Study
 It is generally made with a stopwatch, either on the spot
or by analyzing a video footage of the job.
 The job to be studied is broken down into measurable
parts or elements, and each element is studied
individually.
WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

 Some general rules for breaking down a job:

 Define each work element to be short in duration but
long enough so that it can be timed with a stopwatch
and the time can be written down.
 If the operator works with equipment that runs
separately, then separate the actions of the operator
and of the equipment into different elements.
 Define any delays by the operator or equipment into
separate elements.
WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

 Normal Time = Observed performance time per unit X

Performance rating
 Q – what will be the NT if an operator performs a task in 2
minutes and the time-study analyst estimates her to be
performing about 20% faster than normal?
 Number of units to be manufactured